Prediction of nitrogen fertiliser requirements of maize in subtropical Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dickson ◽  
RL Aitken ◽  
JC Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
N Requirement

Sixteen field experiments were conducted at 9 sites in the South Burnett region of subtropical Queensland, to determine grain yield response of maize to fertiliser nitrogen (N) and to assess soil mineral N levels at sowing for predicting N requirement. At 6 sites, areas were either winter-cropped or bare-allowed, resulting in different cropping histories immediately prior to summer maize. In each experiment, 4 rates of N (0, 38, 76, and 152 kg/ha) were applied, with an additional rate (304 kg/ha) at 3 sites that received supplementary irrigation. Immediately prior to sowing, soil samples for mineral N and moisture were taken from each 10-cm increment to a depth of 120 cm. Soil nitrate-N levels (0-120 cm) before sowing were 16-100 kg N/ha (winter-cropped) and 65-167 kg N/ha (bare-fallowed). Application of N significantly (P<.05) increased grain yield in 14 of the 16 experiments. Maximum grain yields in non-irrigated experiments ranged from 2.08 to 5.61 t/ha and reflected profile available water at sowing and rainfall during the growing season. Maximum yields in irrigated experiments ranged from 4.44 to 6.95 t/ha. The magnitude of the response was greater at winter-cropped sites (relative yields 33-89%) than at fallow sites (82-100%). Relative grain yield was well correlated with nitrate-N in the 0-60 cm profile ( R2 = 0.74). There was also a good relationship between relative grain yield and nitrate-N at 0-10 cm depth ( R2= 0.64).

Nitrate accumulation under pea cropping and the effects of crop establishment methods: a sustainability issue

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Evans ◽  
NA Fettell ◽  
GE O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Sustainability Issue

Grain legume-cereal rotations are unsustainable on acid soils because they promote acidification of surface soil through nitrate leaching. Two field experiments were conducted on red, clay-loams in the cropping zone of central western New South Wales to determine whether soil mineral N concentrations during crop growth are higher under pea than barley, and whether the nitrate concentration under pea crops can be decreased by ammending soil with cereal straw before sowing.Significantly higher mineral N, particularly nitrate, was found under pea than under barley, as early as 6 weeks following autumn sowing, and also in spring. The pea effect represented an increase of up to 23 kg N/ha of mineral N (0-30 cm). It is proposed that the source of higher nitrate concentration under pea may be residual soil nitrate not utilised by pea, or nitrate derived from the mineralisation of pea roots or exudate. The increase in soil nitrate during pea growth contributes to greater postharvest soil mineral N and higher wheat yields after pea, but also increases the risk of soil acidification. Soil ammendment with cereal straw was partially effective in reducing nitrate concentration under pea, but a more effective treatment is required.

Crop and microbial responses to the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in Mediterranean wheat-cropping systems

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott G. Duncan ◽  
Cathryn A. O’Sullivan ◽  
Margaret M. Roper ◽  
Mark B. Peoples ◽  
Karen Treble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) such as 3,4,-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), are used to suppress the abundance of ammonia-oxidising micro-organisms responsible for nitrification. In agriculture, NIs are used to retain soil mineral nitrogen (N) as ammonium to minimise the risk of losses of N from agricultural soils. It is currently unclear whether DMPP-induced nitrification inhibition can prevent losses of N from the light soils prevalent across the main rain-fed cropping regions of Western Australia, or whether it can improve the productivity or N uptake by broadacre crops such as wheat. Herein, we report on a series of glasshouse and field studies that examined the effect of applications of DMPP in conjunction with urea (as ENTEC urea; Incitec Pivot, Melbourne, Vic., Australia) on: (1) soil nitrification rates; (2) the abundance of ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea (AOB and AOA respectively); and (3) wheat performance (grain yield, protein content and N accumulation). A glasshouse study demonstrated that DMPP inhibited nitrification (for up to ~40 days after application) and reduced the abundance of AOB (by 50%), but had no effect on AOA abundance, wheat grain yield or protein content at any fertiliser N rate. Across six field experiments, DMPP also limited nitrification rates and reduced AOB abundance for approximately the first 40 days after application. However, by the end of the growing season, DMPP use had not increased soil mineral N resources or impaired AOB abundance compared with urea-only applications. In addition, DMPP had no effect on AOA abundance in any trial and did not improve crop performance in most trials.

Can split or delayed application of N fertiliser to grain sorghum reduce soil N2O emissions from sub-tropical Vertosols and maintain grain yields?

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
B. M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Crop N Uptake

Most soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rain-fed grain sorghum grown on sub-tropical Vertosols in north-west New South Wales, Australia, occur between fertiliser nitrogen (N) application at sowing and booting growth stage. At three experiments, we investigated the potential for deferring some (split-N) or all (delayed) fertiliser N until booting to mitigate N2O produced without compromising optimum crop yields. N products included urea, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP)-urea, polymer-coated urea (PCU) and N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)-urea. For a fourth experiment, the N fertiliser rate was varied according to pre-sowing soil mineral N stocks left by different previous crops. All experiments incorporated 15N mini-plots to determine whether delayed or split-N affected crop N uptake or residual soil N. Compared to urea applied at-sowing, delayed applications of urea, DMPP-urea or NBPT-urea at booting reduced the N2O emission factor (EF, percentage of applied N emitted) by 67–81%. Crop N uptake, grain yield and protein tended to be lower with delayed N than N at-sowing due to dry mid-season conditions. Much of the unused N remained in the soil at harvest. Split-N (33% sowing:67% booting) using urea, reduced EF by 59% compared to at-sowing urea, but maintained crop N uptake, grain yield and protein. Using DMPP-urea or PCU for the at-sowing portion of the split reduced EF by 84–86%. Grain yield was maintained using PCU, but was lower with DMPP-urea, which had more N in vegetative biomass. Using NBPT-urea for the in-crop portion of the split did not affect N2O emissions or crop productivity. Nitrogen budgeting to account for high pre-sowing soil mineral N nullified urea-induced N2O emissions. An N-budgeted, split-N strategy using urea offers the best balance between N2O mitigation, grain productivity and provision of a soil mineral N buffer against dry mid-season conditions. Split-N using DMPP-urea or PCU further enhanced N2O mitigation but there was no yield response to justify the extra expense.

The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Scanlan ◽  
Ross F. Brennan ◽  
Mario F. D'Antuono ◽  
Gavin A. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. McBeath ◽  
Evelina Facelli ◽  
Courtney A. E. Peirce ◽  
Viran Kathri Arachchige ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Fertiliser Application

The ability to utilise foliar-applied phosphorus (P) as a strategy to increase the P status and yield of grain crops grown in dryland regions with variable climates is attractive. Several P formulations with varying pH, accompanying cations and adjuvants were tested for their effectiveness as foliar fertilisers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, first under controlled and then under field conditions. Experiments under controlled conditions suggested that several formulations with specific chemistries offered promise with respect to wheat fertiliser-P recovery and biomass responses. These formulations were then evaluated in two field experiments, and although wheat grown at the sites showed substantive responses to soil-applied P, there was no significant grain-yield response to foliar-applied P. Following the limited responses to foliar-applied fertiliser in the field, we used an isotopic dilution technique to test the hypothesis that the variation in responses of wheat to foliar addition of P could be explained by a mechanism of substitution, whereby root P uptake is downregulated when P is taken up through the leaves, but this was proven not to be the case. We conclude that foliar P application cannot be used as a tactical fertiliser application to boost grain yield of wheat in dryland regions.

Effect of lupin management on the yield of subsequent wheat crops in a lupin-wheat rotation

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Petch ◽  
RW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

Wheat was grown in a series of 1:1 rotation cycles with sweet lupins over 8 years on three sites in Western Australia. Grain yield of wheat was the main test used to compare five lupin management treatments with a control treatment, 'no-lupins'. The lupins were cut as for silage, cut as for hay, or harvested as mature grain, the stubble being burnt or removed in summer, or turned into the soil the next autumn. Nitrogen taken up in the lupins and in the wheat was measured, as well as soil mineral nitrogen in the top 10 cm in the final year. Lupin yield and nitrogen content within any year were similar over all treatments. As much nitrogen was removed in hay and silage as in mature lupins, but wheat yielded most grain after the 'silage' and 'hay' treatments, and least after 'no-lupins' or after the 'remove' and 'turn-in' stubble treatments. Nitrogen uptakes in young wheat plants point to treatment effects due to differences in nitrogen availability, but the treatments also caused different weed populations which at least partially affected wheat yields. Herbicide control of encroaching weeds in the lupins raised soil nitrate levels the following summer and increased subsequent wheat yields.

scholarly journals Foliar Potassium Fertilizer Additives Affect Soybean Response and Weed Control with Glyphosate

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli ◽  
William E. Stevens ◽  
John A. Kendig ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test K

Research in 2004 and 2005 determined the effects of foliar-applied K-fertilizer sources (0-0-62-0 (%N-%P2O5-%K2O-%S), 0-0-25-17, 3-18-18-0, and 5-0-20-13) and additive rates (2.2, 8.8, and 17.6 kg K ha−1) on glyphosate-resistant soybean response and weed control. Field experiments were conducted at Novelty and Portageville with high soil test K and weed populations and at Malden with low soil test K and weed populations. At Novelty, grain yield increased with fertilizer additives at 8.8 kg K ha−1in a high-yield, weed-free environment in 2004, but fertilizer additives reduced yield up to 470 kg ha−1in a low-yield year (2005) depending on the K source and rate. At Portageville, K-fertilizer additives increased grain yield from 700 to 1160 kg ha−1compared to diammonium sulfate, depending on the K source and rate. At Malden, there was no yield response to K sources. Differences in leaf tissue K(P=0.03), S(P=0.03), B(P=0.0001), and Cu(P=0.008)concentrations among treatments were detected 14 d after treatment at Novelty and Malden. Tank mixtures of K-fertilizer additives with glyphosate may provide an option for foliar K applications.

Five years of straw incorporation and its effect on growth, yield and nitrogen nutrition of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris)

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Allison ◽  
H. M. Hetschkun
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Straw Incorporation

SUMMARYIn 1990–92, field experiments were performed at Broom's Barn Experimental Station to study the effect of 5 years' repeated straw incorporation on sugarbeet. Straw incorporation had no effect on plant population density. Processing quality was reduced by incorporated straw but N had a much larger effect. The effect of incorporated straw on the mineral N content of the soils and N uptake by beet was inconsistent, and this may be related to the amount of soil mineral N present when the straw was incorporated. The efficiency of fertilizer use was unaffected by straw incorporation. On Broom's Barn soils when straw was incorporated, the optimal economic N dressing was c. 120 kg N/ha, and in unincorporated plots it was c. 100 kg N/ha. At the optimal economic N rate, incorporated straw increased beet yields.

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