Coupling between the Tropospheric Photochemistry of Nitrous Acid (HONO) and Nitric Acid (HNO3)

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Clemitshaw
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Tropospheric Photochemistry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Migration

Environmental Context.Nitrous acid (HONO) is formed in the troposphere in urban, rural and remote environments via several uncertain heterogeneous and photochemical processes that involve nitric acid (HNO3). A recently recognised process is initiated by the deposition and migration of HNO3 within snow-pack surfaces to form nitrate anions (NO3−). Photo-reduction of NO3− followed by acidification of the nitrite (NO2−) photo-product leads to emissions of gas-phase HONO. Seasonal observations at Halley, Antarctica are consistent with the formation of HONO via this process, which is potentially of global significance because much of the Earth’s land (and sea) surface is covered with snow and is sunlit for much of the year. Both HONO and HNO3 significantly influence the production of ozone (O3), which acts as a greenhouse gas in the troposphere, via their respective roles as a source of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and as a sink for OH• and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Abstract.The tropospheric photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) and its coupling with that of nitric acid (HNO3) in urban, rural and remote atmospheres are highlighted in terms of established and uncertain homogeneous and heterogeneous sources and sinks, together with known and potential effects and impacts. Observations made at Halley, Antarctica, via optical detection of an azo dye derivative of HONO are consistent with snow-pack photochemical production of HONO, which has potential significance for the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and ozone (O3) on regional and global scales. Recent developments in measurement methods for HONO and HNO3 are also highlighted. It is now timely to conduct a formal intercomparison of the methods in order to evaluate and enhance their capabilities, and to validate the growing body of HONO and HNO3 data obtained in urban, rural and remote locations.

Key Role of Equilibrium HONO Concentration over the Soil 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxia Bao ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Uwe Kuhn ◽  
Yafang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Actinic Radiation

<p>Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important component of the nitrogen cycle. HONO can also be rapidly photolyzed by actinic radiation to form hydroxyl radicals (OH) and exerts a primary influence on the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. The sources and sinks of HONO, however, are not fully understood. Soil nitrite, produced via nitrification or denitrification, is an important source for the atmospheric HONO production. [HONO]*, the equilibrium gas phase HONO concentration over the soil, has been suggested as key to understanding the environmental effects of soil fluxes of HONO (Su et al., 2011). But if and how [HONO]* may exist and vary remains an open question. In this project, a measurement method using a dynamic chamber has been developed to derive [HONO]* and the atmospheric soil fluxes of HONO can accordingly be quantified. We demonstrate the existence of [HONO]* and determine its variation in the course of soil drying processes. We show that when [HONO]* is higher than the atmospheric HONO concentration, HONO will be released from soil; otherwise, HONO will be deposited on soil. This work advances the understanding of soil HONO emissions, and the evaluation of its impact on the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and the nitrogen cycling.</p>

scholarly journals IX. The electric conductivity of nitric acid

1898 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deep Green

Of the commoner mineral acids the chemical changes of Nitric Acid, from their evident complexity, have formed the subject of numerous memoirs, while those of sulphuric acid, from their assumed simplicity, have been to some degree neglected; on the other hand, the physical properties of the latter have been studied with considerable elaboration, while those of the former have been passed over, doubtless on account of the corrosive nature of the acid and the difficulty of preparing and preserving it in a reasonable degree of purity. Further, with certain exceptions, the alterations in physical properties induced by the products of reduction, be they nitrogen peroxide or nitrous acid, either singly or conjointly, have attracted but little attention, though it is a common matter of observation that the current intensity of a Grove’s or other cell containing nitric acid remains constant, even though the fuming acid, originally colourless or red, has become of a deep green tint. It is more than probable that of the factors of Ohm’s law, both the E. M. F. and internal resistance are continually varying. At the earliest stages of the enquiry it was found that the passage of a few bubbles of nitric oxide gas into a considerable volume of nitric acid produced an alteration of one percent, in the resistance, and the same result could be effected to a less degree by exposure to sunlight, and to a still less degree by exposure to artificial illumination. Therefore, we determined to investigate the alterations of conductivity produced by changes of concentration and temperature in samples of acid purified with necessary precautions, more especially as former workers upon the subject have either used samples of acid confessedly impure, or have been silent as to any method of purification, or have adopted no special care in dealing with a substance so susceptible of polarisation.

Career Transitions and Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-277
Author(s):  
Roy David Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Change Event

Over the last decade, the athlete’s career transition literature has shifted from a deterministic (or linear) to a probabilistic (nonlinear) perspective. Athletes’ careers can be perceived as a roller coaster ride, shaped by transitions (i.e., normative, nonnormative, quasi-normative, dual career, cultural, crisis), a change-event, appraisals, decision-making, coping, and environmental influences. Athletes can enjoy a fruitful and meaningful career as long as they positively adapt to the various transitional periods and changes encountered, potentially creating multiple career pathways. Furthermore, research has expanded to additional sport performers, including coaches and referees. Finally, the lives of sport performers have tremendously changed in the past decade as a result of the globalization process, social media, and migration, requiring career researchers to modify existing conceptualizations. This chapter, therefore, provides a critical examination of the recent developments in the career transition and change literature, mainly focusing on critical questions to be asked and a prospective view of this field.

NITRATION OF 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE WITH DILUTE NITRIC ACID AND NITROUS ACID

1964 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T. URBAŃSKI ◽  
W. KUTKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrous acid sources and sinks in urban outflow

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott T. Gall ◽  
Robert J. Griffin ◽  
Allison L. Steiner ◽  
Jack Dibb ◽  
Eric Scheuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Sources And Sinks

Mode of Production and Population Patterns: Policy Implications for West African Development

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Franke
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
West African ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Sahel Region

Recent developments in population theory have made possible a re-examination of demographic evidence from West Africa which suggests that population growth and migration are primarily responses to changes in the nature of the production system. Precolonial, colonial, and independence period data provide a series of correlations consistent with the approach and suggest a possible new synthesis of the West African data. The poorest countries of West Africa are those bordering on the Sahara Desert, known as the “Sahel” region. In response to the drought and famine in that region from 1968–1974, numerous proposals have been made for increased attention to reducing population growth. The analysis presented in this paper leads to the conclusion that population policies other than those attempting to lower the birth rate are called for. These would include relocation of populations previously displaced by colonial labor migrations and the re-integration of herding and farming production systems, both of which policies should be considered as population policies. Data are presented from specific projects underway in Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali, to illustrate the argument.

Retreat from multiculturalism: community cohesion, civic integration and the disciplinary politics of gender

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán Mullally
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Religious Women ◽  
Civic Integration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe intersections of gender, religion and migration status have attracted only limited commentary to date. The significance of migration status as a marker of gender inequality, and one that further increases the burden of intersecting axes of discrimination, requires further scrutiny. This article examines the rise of civic integration requirements within the European Union and the significance of this rise for religious freedoms and complex ideals of gender equality. Particular attention is given to recent developments in the UK and France in the context of wider debates on immigration and integration policies. Against the background of diminishing sovereignty and the expansion of rights to non-citizens, states are rethinking the significance of citizenship and migration status and the criteria to be applied in determining membership and access to the nation-state. The adoption in France of the Charte des Droits et des Devoirs du Citoyen Français marks a further step in the expansion of integration conditions imposed by states, and signals a continuing willingness to deploy juridical forms to enforce such conditions. Of particular concern to this Special Issue are the implications of civic integration requirements for migrant religious women and for feminist engagement with migration laws and the discourse of rights.

Can nitrous acid contribute to atmospheric new particle formation from nitric acid and water?

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (36) ◽  
pp. 15625-15635
Author(s):  
Shuang Ni ◽  
Feng-Yang Bai ◽  
Xiu-Mei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
New Particle Formation

The properties of (HNO3)(HONO)(H2O)n (n = 1–6) clusters are reported including thermodynamics, structures, temperature-dependence, intermolecular forces, optical properties, and evaporation rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document