Long term PM2.5 trends in the Australian industrial city of Newcastle: a 15-year study from 1998 to 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Stelcer ◽  
David D. Cohen ◽  
Armand J. Atanacio
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
Aerosol Sources

Environmental context Long-term exposure to fine particle air pollution has significant implications for human health. At a mixed urban–industrial site in Newcastle, Australia, we identified contributions from individual industrial aerosol sources in addition to the more common aerosol sources such as soil, sea and smoke. These results are significant for the assessment and management of fine particulate air pollution in the Newcastle air shed. Abstract A long-term, large dataset approach combining standard accelerator-based ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques with positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis to determine the sources and trends of fine particle pollution in the Newcastle NSW, Australia is discussed. Over 1500 samples of particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5µm (PM2.5) were collected between February 1998 and December 2013 and analysed using IBA techniques to obtain the concentration of 22 different elements from hydrogen to lead. The PM2.5 15-year average mass at the sampling site was 8.11µgm–3. Statistical PMF analysis was applied to this large dataset to quantitatively determine nine source fingerprints; soil, secondary sulfate, sea, smoke, industrial processes (specifically related to calcium, manganese and iron) and two different automobile sources. Significant step-like reductions of 98, 79 and 69%, over and above regular seasonal variations, were clearly observed in the industrial-Mn, industrial-Fe and automobile sources during this time period. These trends showed excellent correlation with the cessation of large industrial operations in the local area and clearly demonstrate the advantage of long-term aerosol analysis for monitoring and managing fine particle air pollution sources on a local scale.

WILL AIR QUALITY IN SYDNEY MEET PROPOSED AUSTRALIAN FINE PARTICLE NEPM GUIDELINES?

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARD STELCER ◽  
OLGA HAWAS ◽  
DAVID COHEN ◽  
ADAM SARBUTT ◽  
DAVID BUTTON
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
New South ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Rural Sites

Since 1991 ANSTO's ion beam analysis (IBA) laboratory has been sampling fine atmospheric particles every Wednesday and Sunday at urban and rural sites in New South Wales. Multi-elemental accelerator-based IBA techniques were used to characterise major components and significant trace elements with minimum detectable limits close to 1 ng/m3. Observed mass concentrations will be compared with air quality US EPA standards and proposed Australian fine particle NEPM guidelines. Trace elements strongly associated with source fingerprints responsible for high air pollution will also be discussed in this paper.

Air Quality Standards Have Room to Improve

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Air Quality Standards

This chapter focuses on the improvement of air quality in the United States. Laws such as the Clean Air Act (CAA), signed in 1970, resulted in a drastic reduction in air pollution. Since then, emissions have decreased by 50%. Despite these advances, adverse health effects associated with long-term exposure to air pollution continue. Researchers examined the health effects of pollution in a nationwide cohort of 61 million Medicare beneficiaries from 2000 to 2012. They created maps by linking Medicare mortality data, zip codes, and previously published estimates of ozone and fine particle pollutants (PM2.5). The study’s authors found that long-term exposures to fine particle pollutants and ozone, even at levels below current nationally “acceptable” standards, were associated with an increased risk of death. Persons with low incomes showed the highest risks associated with exposures. Vast improvements in air quality have been made in the past decades in the United States, but this study shows that air quality adhering to National Ambient Air Quality Standards still exposes Americans to levels of pollution that can be lethal over many years of exposure. Thus, air quality standards must be revisited in order to alleviate the burden on the most vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Neurodegenerative hospital admissions and long-term exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽  
David Q. Rich ◽  
Wangjian Zhang ◽  
Sally W. Thurston ◽  
Shao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Hospital Admissions

scholarly journals Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality and Long-Term Exposure to Source-Related Components of U.S. Fine Particle Air Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Thurston ◽  
Richard T. Burnett ◽  
Michelle C. Turner ◽  
Yuanli Shi ◽  
Daniel Krewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality

scholarly journals SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES FROM RICE STRAW OPEN BURNING TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN HANOI

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5A) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Thuy Chau Pham
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Accumulation Mode ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Sampling Campaign

Atmospheric ultrafine, accumulation mode and coarse fractions collected at representative rice straw open burning areas in Hanoi were investigated to identify characteristics of size distribution and contribution of particles emitted from rice straw (RS) burning season to the atmosphere. The sampling was conducted in two episodes: RS burning episode and RS non-burning episode at Dong Anh and Quoc Oai, in seven consecutive days for each sampling campaign from 2018 to 2019. In the RS burning episode, PM1-2.5 showed the highest fraction among all collected particles in both sampling sites, while PM2.5-10 was the most abundant in RS non-burning season. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in RS burning period and RS non-burning period were 79.7  46.5 g m-3 and 65.2  21.9 g m-3, respectively at Dong Anh sampling site. Those values were 90.9  33.2 g m-3  in the QO_RS burning site and 71.9  29.3 g m-3  in the TM_RS non-burning site. The proportion of fine particle (PM2.5) at both sites were considerable higher in RS burning period as compared to non-burning period, while the concentration of ultrafineparticle (PM0.1) and coarse particle (PM>10m) were similar between two episodes. This result provides better understanding on size distribution and contribution of fine particles from open RS burning to the atmosphere in Hanoi, which is an useful information for the environmental managers to control RS open burning in Hanoi as well as in Vietnam. 

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Link-Level Simulator for Wireless local Area Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Chaithra. H. U ◽  
Vani H.R
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Networks ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Wireless Local Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Term Evolution

Now a days in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) used in different fields because its well-suited simulator and higher flexibility. The concept of WLAN  with  advanced 5th Generation technologies, related to a Internet-of-Thing (IOT). In this project, representing the Network Simulator (NS-2) used linked-level simulators for Wireless Local Area Networks and still utilized IEEE 802.11g/n/ac with advanced IEEE 802.11ah/af technology. Realization of the whole Wireless Local Area Networking linked-level simulators inspired by the recognized Vienna Long Term Evolution- simulators. As a outcome, this is achieved to link together that simulator to detailed performances of Wireless Local Area Networking with Long Term Evolution, operated in the similar RF bands. From the advanced 5th Generation support cellular networking, such explore is main because different coexistences scenario can arise linking wireless communicating system to the ISM and UHF bands.

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