Differences in syntenic complexity between Medicago truncatula with Lens culinaris and Lupinus albus

Orthologous markers transferable between distantly related legume species allow for the rapid generation of genetic maps in species where there is little pre-existing genomic or EST information. We are using the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. to develop such markers in legumes of importance to Australian agriculture. This will enable the construction of comparative genetic maps, help to determine patterns of chromosomal evolution in the legume family, and characterise syntenic relationships between M. truncatula and cultivated legumes. This information can then be used to identify markers that are tightly linked to the genes of interest, candidate gene(s) for a trait, and expedite the isolation of such genes. Among the Papilionoideae, we compared ESTs from the phylogenetically distant species, M. truncatula, Lupinus albus and Glycine max, to produce 500 intron-targeted amplified polymorphic markers (ITAPs). In addition to 126 M. truncatula cross-species markers from Department of Plant Pathology, University of California (USA), these markers were used to generate comparative genetic maps of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus Linn.). Our results showed that 90% of the ITAPs markers amplified genomic DNA in M. truncatula, 80% in Lupinus albus, and 70% in Lens culinaris. The comparative map of Lens culinaris was constructed based on 79 ITAP markers. The Lupinus albus comparative map was developed from 105 gene-based markers together with 223 AFLP markers. Although a direct and simple syntenic relationship was observed between M. truncatula and Lens culinaris genomes, there is evidence of moderate chromosomal rearrangement. This may account for the different chromosome numbers in the two species. A more complicated pattern among homologous blocks was apparent between the Lupinus albus and M. truncatula genomes.

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Aldehyde Oxidase (AO) in the Root Nodules of Lupinus albus and Medicago truncatula: Identification of AO in Meristematic and Infection Zones

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-18-0405 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 405-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Elena Fedorova ◽

Francisco J. Redondo ◽

Tomokazu Koshiba ◽

José J. Pueyo ◽

M. Rosario de Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Aldehyde Oxidase ◽

White Lupin ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Local Synthesis ◽

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Acid Pathway

Phytohormones are involved in the organogenesis of legume root nodules. The source of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in nodules has not been clearly determined. We studied the enzyme aldehyde oxidase (AO; EC 1.2.3.1), that catalyzes the last step of IAA biosynthesis in plants, in the nodules of Lupinus albus and Medicago truncatula. Primordia and young lupin nodules and mature M. truncatula nodules showed AO activity bands after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel activity analyses using indole-3-aldehyde as substrate indicated that the nodules of white lupin and M.truncatula have the capability to synthesize IAA via the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway. Immunolocalization and in situ hybridization experiments revealed that AO is preferentially expressed in the meristematic and the invasion zones in Medicago nodules and in the lateral meristematic zone of Lupinus nodules. High IAA immunolabeling was also detected in the meristematic and invasion zones. Low expression levels and no AO activity were detected in lupin Fix- nodules that displayed restricted growth and early senescence. We propose that local synthesis of IAA in the root nodule meristem and modulation of AO expression and activity are involved in regulation of nodule development.

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The First Genetic and Comparative Map of White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.): Identification of QTLs for Anthracnose Resistance and Flowering Time, and a Locus for Alkaloid Content

DNA Research ◽

10.1093/dnares/dsm009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Huyen T. T. Phan ◽

Simon R. Ellwood ◽

Kedar Adhikari ◽

Matthew N. Nelson ◽

Richard P. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Alkaloid Content ◽

White Lupin ◽

Anthracnose Resistance ◽

Comparative Map ◽

Lupinus Albus L

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Quantitative Control of Early Flowering in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3856

Author(s):

Sandra Rychel-Bielska ◽

Anna Surma ◽

Wojciech Bielski ◽

Bartosz Kozak ◽

Renata Galek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Association Studies ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Early Flowering ◽

White Lupin ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Major Qtls ◽

Lupinus Albus L

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a pulse annual plant cultivated from the tropics to temperate regions for its high-protein grain as well as a cover crop or green manure. Wild populations are typically late flowering and have high vernalization requirements. Nevertheless, some early flowering and thermoneutral accessions were found in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining flowering time variance were identified in bi-parental population mapping, however, phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the world collection has not been addressed yet. In this study, a diverse set of white lupin accessions (n = 160) was phenotyped for time to flowering in a controlled environment and genotyped with PCR-based markers (n = 50) tagging major QTLs and selected homologs of photoperiod and vernalization pathway genes. This survey highlighted quantitative control of flowering time in white lupin, providing statistically significant associations for all major QTLs and numerous regulatory genes, including white lupin homologs of CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, FY, MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4, SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1, and VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 3. This revealed the complexity of flowering control in white lupin, dispersed among numerous loci localized on several chromosomes, provided economic justification for future genome-wide association studies or genomic selection rather than relying on simple marker-assisted selection.

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An improved genome release (version Mt4.0) for the model legume Medicago truncatula

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-15-312 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 312 ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

Haibao Tang ◽

Vivek Krishnakumar ◽

Shelby Bidwell ◽

Benjamin Rosen ◽

Agnes Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Model Legume

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Guidelines for Genetic Nomenclature and Community Governance for the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.12.1364 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1364-1367 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kathryn A. VandenBosch ◽

Julia Frugoli

Keyword(s):

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Model System ◽

Gene Nomenclature ◽

Community Governance ◽

Model Legume ◽

The Past ◽

Genetic Nomenclature ◽

International Collaborations

At the 2nd Medicago meeting (a satellite of the 1999 IS-MPMI meeting in Amsterdam), investigators perceived a need for standardization of genetic nomenclature in Medicago truncatula, due to the rapid growth of research on this species in the past few years. Establishment of such standards grew out of discussions begun at this meeting and continued electronically throughout the M. truncatula community. The proposed standards presented here are the consensus results of those discussions. In addition to standards for gene nomenclature, a method for community governance and a website for cataloging gene names and submitting new ones are presented. The purpose of implementing these guidelines is to help maintain consistency in the literature, to avoid redundancy, to contribute to the accuracy of databases, and, in general, to aid the international collaborations that have made M. truncatula a model system for legume biology.

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Structure and antimicrobial activity of NCR169, a nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide of Medicago truncatula

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89485-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noriyoshi Isozumi ◽

Yuya Masubuchi ◽

Tomohiro Imamura ◽

Masashi Mori ◽

Hironori Koga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Disulfide Bonds ◽

Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽

Bound State ◽

Disulfide Linkage ◽

Model Legume ◽

Nmr Structures ◽

And Function

AbstractA model legume, Medicago truncatula, has over 600 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides required for symbiosis with rhizobia. Among them, NCR169, an essential factor for establishing symbiosis, has four cysteine residues that are indispensable for its function. However, knowledge of NCR169 structure and mechanism of action is still lacking. In this study, we solved two NMR structures of NCR169 caused by different disulfide linkage patterns. We show that both structures have a consensus C-terminal β-sheet attached to an extended N-terminal region with dissimilar features; one moves widely, whereas the other is relatively stapled. We further revealed that the disulfide bonds of NCR169 contribute to its structural stability and solubility. Regarding the function, one of the NCR169 oxidized forms could bind to negatively charged bacterial phospholipids. Furthermore, the positively charged lysine-rich region of NCR169 may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Sinorhizobium meliloti. This active region was disordered even in the phospholipid bound state, suggesting that the disordered conformation of this region is key to its function. Morphological observations suggested the mechanism of action of NCR169 on bacteria. The present study on NCR169 provides new insights into the structure and function of NCR peptides.

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