scholarly journals Guidelines for Genetic Nomenclature and Community Governance for the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1364-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. VandenBosch ◽  
Julia Frugoli
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Model System ◽  
Gene Nomenclature ◽  
Community Governance ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Nomenclature ◽  
International Collaborations

At the 2nd Medicago meeting (a satellite of the 1999 IS-MPMI meeting in Amsterdam), investigators perceived a need for standardization of genetic nomenclature in Medicago truncatula, due to the rapid growth of research on this species in the past few years. Establishment of such standards grew out of discussions begun at this meeting and continued electronically throughout the M. truncatula community. The proposed standards presented here are the consensus results of those discussions. In addition to standards for gene nomenclature, a method for community governance and a website for cataloging gene names and submitting new ones are presented. The purpose of implementing these guidelines is to help maintain consistency in the literature, to avoid redundancy, to contribute to the accuracy of databases, and, in general, to aid the international collaborations that have made M. truncatula a model system for legume biology.

Sharade Marathe. Regulation and Development: The Indian Policy Experience of Controls Over Industry. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 1986. 328 pp.Price: (Hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 195.00.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distinguished Career ◽  
Comprehensive Manner

This book documents in a comprehensive manner the 'twists and turns' in India's industrial policy and strongly suggests the need for a re-orientation of this policy to overcome the weaknesses in the industrial structure and to utilize the sources of its strength. The author has had a distinguished career in the Indian Economic Service and brings this experience to bear on his analysis of the evolution of industrial policy in India. In India, the primary objective of planned development has been the creation of a technologically mature society capable of sustaining a process of self-propelled growth without extreme concentration of wealth in a few hands. It is rightly pointed out in the book that this objective is possible only in the context of rapid growth, which is the ultimate test of industrial policy. The book traces the origins of India's industrial policy and analyses its evolution during the past thirty years, showing how there has been an increasing gap between the objectives of this policy and the performance of the industrial sector.

Stability and Folding of the Unusually Stable Hemoglobin from Synechocystis is Subtly Optimized and Dependent on the Key Heme Pocket Residues.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Uppal ◽  
Mohd. Asim Khan ◽  
Suman Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Molten Globule ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Model System ◽  
Heme Pocket ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Aims: The aim of our study is to understand the biophysical traits that govern the stability and folding of Synechocystis hemoglobin, a unique cyanobacterial globin that displays unusual traits not observed in any of the other globins discovered so far. Background: For the past few decades, classical hemoglobins such as vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin have been extensively studied to unravel the stability and folding mechanisms of hemoglobins. However, the expanding wealth of hemoglobins identified in all life forms with novel properties, like heme coordination chemistry and globin fold, have added complexity and challenges to the understanding of hemoglobin stability, which has not been adequately addressed. Here, we explored the unique truncated and hexacoordinate hemoglobin from the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 known as “Synechocystis hemoglobin (SynHb)”. The “three histidines” linkages to heme are novel to this cyanobacterial hemoglobin. Objective: Mutational studies were employed to decipher the residues within the heme pocket that dictate the stability and folding of SynHb. Methods: Site-directed mutants of SynHb were generated and analyzed using a repertoire of spectroscopic and calorimetric tools. Result: The results revealed that the heme was stably associated to the protein under all denaturing conditions with His117 playing the anchoring role. The studies also highlighted the possibility of existence of a “molten globule” like intermediate at acidic pH in this exceptionally thermostable globin. His117 and other key residues in the heme pocket play an indispensable role in imparting significant polypeptide stability. Conclusion: Synechocystis hemoglobin presents an important model system for investigations of protein folding and stability in general. The heme pocket residues influenced the folding and stability of SynHb in a very subtle and specific manner and may have been optimized to make this Hb the most stable known as of date. Other: The knowledge gained hereby about the influence of heme pocket amino acid side chains on stability and expression is currently being utilized to improve the stability of recombinant human Hbs for efficient use as oxygen delivery vehicles.

scholarly journals Application of Reactor Engineering Concepts in Continuous Flow Chemistry: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Candice Neyt ◽  
Darren Lyall Riley
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Continuous Flow Chemistry

The adoption of flow technology for the manufacture of chemical entities, and in particular pharmaceuticals, has seen rapid growth over the past two decades with the technology now blurring the...

scholarly journals An improved genome release (version Mt4.0) for the model legume Medicago truncatula

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibao Tang ◽  
Vivek Krishnakumar ◽  
Shelby Bidwell ◽  
Benjamin Rosen ◽  
Agnes Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Model Legume

scholarly journals Structure and antimicrobial activity of NCR169, a nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide of Medicago truncatula

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyoshi Isozumi ◽  
Yuya Masubuchi ◽  
Tomohiro Imamura ◽  
Masashi Mori ◽  
Hironori Koga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Disulfide Linkage ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Nmr Structures ◽  
And Function

AbstractA model legume, Medicago truncatula, has over 600 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides required for symbiosis with rhizobia. Among them, NCR169, an essential factor for establishing symbiosis, has four cysteine residues that are indispensable for its function. However, knowledge of NCR169 structure and mechanism of action is still lacking. In this study, we solved two NMR structures of NCR169 caused by different disulfide linkage patterns. We show that both structures have a consensus C-terminal β-sheet attached to an extended N-terminal region with dissimilar features; one moves widely, whereas the other is relatively stapled. We further revealed that the disulfide bonds of NCR169 contribute to its structural stability and solubility. Regarding the function, one of the NCR169 oxidized forms could bind to negatively charged bacterial phospholipids. Furthermore, the positively charged lysine-rich region of NCR169 may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Sinorhizobium meliloti. This active region was disordered even in the phospholipid bound state, suggesting that the disordered conformation of this region is key to its function. Morphological observations suggested the mechanism of action of NCR169 on bacteria. The present study on NCR169 provides new insights into the structure and function of NCR peptides.

Perspectives on the active volcanoes of China

2021 ◽  
pp. SP510-2021-87
Author(s):  
Jiandong Xu ◽  
Clive Oppenheimer ◽  
James O. S. Hammond ◽  
Haiquan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Hainan Island ◽  
Special Volume ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Special Publication ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Natural Laboratory ◽  
Active Volcanoes

AbstractChina ishas a rich record of Holocene volcanism that is relatively little known outside the country. It is encountered in home to a number of volcanoes that have erupted in the Holocene. These range from large stratovolcanoes in the northeast, linked to subduction of the pPacific plate (e.g., Changbaishan); in , more diffuse volcanismsmaller volcanoes on the edges of the TibetTibetan margin, linked toassociated with the collision of India and AEurasia (e.g., Tengchong, Ashishan), and more isolated regions of volcanismcentres possibly linked topossibly resulting from mantle upwelling (e.g., volcanoes in Hainan island). This makes China a natural laboratory for studyingstudies of intraplate volcanism, yet the study of volcanology in China is young, with a significant increase in research only over the last 25 yearsand significant progress in understanding its nature and origins has been made over the past quarter century. To highlight recent advances and the current state of knowledge, thisHere, we introduce the first publication in English to provide a comprehensive survey of the state of knowledge and research highlights. special volume presents the first compilation of research on the active volcanoes of China in English. This first paper introduces the book, which coversAccordingly, we provide an overview of the dynamics, geology, geochemistry, volcanic histories and geophysical studies of the 14 volcanoesvolcanic areas that have erupted in theassociated with Holocene documented thus far. Our hope is that this special publication acts as The special publication represents a benchmark reference on the topic but, as importantly, we hope it will stimulatea resource to allow new, international collaborations to be developed to help understandaimed at deepening our understanding of the origins, history, hazards and associated risks from future eruptions of China's volcanoes.

Functional specialization of Arf paralogs in nodules of model legume, Medicago truncatula

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Yüzbaşıoğlu ◽  
Eda Dalyan ◽  
Abdülrezzak Memon ◽  
Gül Öz ◽  
Bayram Yüksel
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Model Legume

scholarly journals Comparison of nodule endophyte composition, diversity, and gene content between Medicago truncatula genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mannix Burns ◽  
Brendan Epstein ◽  
Liana Burghardt
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

Leguminous plants form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia. These nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in specialized root organs called nodules. While rhizobia form the most notable host relationship within root nodules, other bacterial endophytes also inhabit these root nodules and can influence host-rhizobia interactions as well as exert effects of their own, whether beneficial or detrimental. In this study, we investigate differences in nodule communities between genotypes (A17 and R108) of a single plant species, the model legume Medicago truncatula. While diversity of endophytes in nodules was similar across hosts, both nodule endophyte composition and gene functional groups differed. In contrast to the significant direct effect of host genotype, neither the presence nor identity of a host in the previous generation (either A17 or R108) had a significant effect on the nodule endophyte diversity or composition. However, whether or not a host was present altered gene functional groups. We conclude that genetic variation within a legume host species can play an important role in the establishment of nodule microbiomes. Further studies, including GWAS and functional assays, can open the door for engineering and optimizing nodule endophyte communities that promote growth or have other beneficial qualities.

scholarly journals Methyl jasmonate and yeast elicitor induce differential transcriptional and metabolic re-programming in cell suspension cultures of the model legume Medicago truncatula

Planta ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Suzuki ◽  
M. S. Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
Marina Naoumkina ◽  
Naveed Aziz ◽  
Gregory D. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Yeast Elicitor
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