Flowers of Bienertia cycloptera and Suaeda aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae) complete the life cycle performing single-cell C4 photosynthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. Boyd ◽  
Vincent R. Franceschi ◽  
Simon D. X. Chuong ◽  
Hossein Akhani ◽  
Olavi Kiirats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Outer Whorl

Leaves and cotyledons of the terrestrial C4 plants, Bienertia cycloptera Bunge ex Boiss. and Suaeda aralocaspica (Bunge) Freitag & Schütze (Chenopodiaceae), accomplish C4 photosynthesis within individual chlorenchyma cells: each species having a unique means of intracellular spatial partitioning of biochemistry and organelles. In this study the chlorenchyma tissue in flowers and stems of these species was investigated. Flowers have an outer whorl of green tepals with a layer of chlorenchyma cells, which are located on the abaxial side, exposed to the atmosphere. Anatomical, immunocytochemical, western blots and starch analyses show that the chlorenchyma cells in tepals are specialised for performance of single-cell C4 photosynthesis like that in leaves. In the tepals of B. cycloptera, chlorenchyma cells have a distinctive central cytoplasmic compartment, with chloroplasts which contain Rubisco, separated by cytoplasmic channels from a peripheral chloroplast-containing compartment, with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In the tepals of S. aralocaspica, chlorenchyma cells have chloroplasts polarised towards opposite ends of the cells. Rubisco is found in chloroplasts towards the proximal end of the cell and PEPC is found throughout the cytoplasm. Also, green stems of B. cycloptera have a single layer of the specialised C4 type chlorenchyma cells beneath the epidermis, and in stems of S. aralocaspica, chlorenchyma cells are scattered throughout the cortical tissue with chloroplasts around their periphery, typical of C3 type chlorenchyma. During reproductive development, green flowers become very conspicuous, and their photosynthesis is suggested to be important in completion of the life cycle of these single-cell C4 functioning species.

scholarly journals Probing Plasmodium falciparum sexual commitment at the single-cell level

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas M.B. Brancucci ◽  
Mariana De Niz ◽  
Timothy J. Straub ◽  
Deepali Ravel ◽  
Lauriane Sollelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Parasite Populations

Background: Malaria parasites go through major transitions during their complex life cycle, yet the underlying differentiation pathways remain obscure. Here we apply single cell transcriptomics to unravel the program inducing sexual differentiation in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasites have to make this essential life-cycle decision in preparation for human-to-mosquito transmission. Methods: By combining transcriptional profiling with quantitative imaging and genetics, we defined a transcriptional signature in sexually committed cells. Results: We found this transcriptional signature to be distinct from general changes in parasite metabolism that can be observed in response to commitment-inducing conditions. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study provides a template to capture transcriptional diversity in parasite populations containing complex mixtures of different life-cycle stages and developmental programs, with important implications for our understanding of parasite biology and the ongoing malaria elimination campaign.

scholarly journals Here, there and everywhere – the importance of neutral lipids in plant growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zienkiewicz ◽  
Marta Saldat ◽  
Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Diverse Plant

In plants, lipids serve as one of the major and vital cellular constituents. Neutral lipids reserves play an essential role in the plant life cycle by providing carbon and energy equivalents for periods of active metabolism. The most common form of lipid storage are triacylglycerols (TAGs) packed into specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). They have been observed in diverse plant organs and tissues, like oil seeds or pollen grains. LDs consist of a core, composed mostly of TAGs, enclosed by a single layer of phospholipids that is decorated by a unique set of structural proteins. Moreover, the recent advances in exploration of LDs proteome revealed a plethora of diverse proteins interacting with LDs. This is likely the result of a highly dynamic nature of these organelles and their involvement in many diverse aspect of cellular metabolism, tightly synchronized with plant developmental programs and directly related to plant-environment interactions. In this review we summarize and discuss the current progress in understanding the role of LDs and their cargo during plants life cycle, with a special emphasis on developmental aspects.

scholarly journals Studying human reproductive biology through single-cell analysis and in vitro differentiation of stem cells into germ cell-like cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Risako Yang ◽  
Chenghong Yin ◽  
Kehkooi Kee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Human Reproductive

Abstract BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical constraints. Recently, in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into germ cells and single-cell analyses have opened new avenues to directly study human germ cells and identify unique mechanisms in human reproductive development. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The goal of this review is to collate novel findings and insightful discoveries with these new methodologies, aiming at introducing researchers and clinicians to the use of these tools to study human reproductive biology and develop treatments for infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search articles and reviews with the following main keywords: in vitro differentiation, human stem cells, single-cell analysis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, germ cells and other key terms related to these subjects. The search period included all publications from 2000 until now. OUTCOMES Single-cell analyses of human gonads have identified many important gene markers at different developmental stages and in subpopulations of cells. To validate the functional roles of these gene markers, researchers have used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells into germ cells and confirmed that some genetic requirements are unique in human germ cells and are not conserved in mouse models. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory networks and the interaction of germ and somatic cells in gonads were elucidated in these studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Single-cell analyses allow researchers to identify gene markers and potential regulatory networks using limited clinical samples. On the other hand, in vitro differentiation methods provide clinical researchers with tools to examine these newly identify gene markers and study the causative effects of mutations previously associated with infertility. Combining these two methodologies, researchers can identify gene markers and networks which are essential and unique in human reproductive development, thereby producing more accurate diagnostic tools for assessing reproductive disorders and developing treatments for infertility.

scholarly journals Resolving the Compartmentation and Function of C4 Photosynthesis in the Single-Cell C4 Species Bienertia sinuspersici

2011 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1612-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Offermann ◽  
Thomas W. Okita ◽  
Gerald E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Bienertia Sinuspersici ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
And Function

Single-cell chemiluminescence imaging of parvovirus B19 life cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonvicini ◽  
Mara Mirasoli ◽  
Elisabetta Manaresi ◽  
Gloria Bua ◽  
Donato Calabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Parvovirus B19

scholarly journals Characterization and Submitochondrial Localization of the α Subunit of the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase from the Aquatic Fungus Blastocladiella emersonii

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (14) ◽  
pp. 4257-4265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Renata Costa Rocha ◽  
Suely Lopes Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Fungus ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase ◽  
Processing Peptidase ◽  
Blastocladiella Emersonii

ABSTRACT In an effort to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the drastic morphological changes the mitochondria go through during the life cycle of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii, the gene encoding the α subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase (α-MPP) was isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the predicted α-MPP polypeptide comprises 474 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51,900 Da, presenting a characteristic mitochondrial signal sequence. Northern blot analysis indicated a single 1.4-kb transcript encoding the B. emersonii α-MPP, whose levels decrease during sporulation, becoming very low in the zoospore, and increase again during germination. Despite these variations in mRNA concentration, B. emersonii α-MPP protein levels do not change significantly during the life cycle of the fungus, as observed in Western blots. Experiments to investigate the submitochondrial localization ofB. emersonii α-MPP and β-MPP were also carried out, and the results indicated that both subunits are associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, possibly as part of the bc1complex, as described for plants.

scholarly journals Biology of Corecoris dentiventris Berg, 1884 (Hemiptera, Coreidae) in tobacco culture (Nicotiana tabacum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-H. C. CALDAS ◽  
L. R. REDAELLI ◽  
L. M. G. DIEFENBACH
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Concise Description

Corecoris dentiventris Berg, 1884 (HEM., Coreidae) represents a pest in the tobacco culture in Southern Brazil. Nymphs and adults cause the wilting and twisting of the tobacco leaves due to their sucking habit. There are very few works about this species and these are restricted to concise description of the adult morphology, records of host plants and enumeration of injuries. The present investigation aims to study the life cycle of this bug. The experiment was carried out in a tobacco culture (Virginia type, var. K 326) implanted in the experimental area of the Departamento de Fitossanidade of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre, RS. The life cycle was studied in field conditions, in nylon cages, from egg clusters oviposited by females of the colonizing generation. The prefered oviposition site was the main vein in the abaxial side of the leaf. The average incubation period was 13.7 ± 0.04 days and the egg viability, 99.63%. The average periods of the different instars of the bug, in days, were: 5.4 ± 0.08, 9.7 ± 0.19, 4.5 ± 0.08, 5.3 ± 0.08, 9.0 ± 0.13 respectively for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth instars. The first instar presented the highest mortality (13.86%). The accumulated mortality of the nymphal phase was 35.29%. The sex ratio was 0.97 males : 1 female.

scholarly journals Profiling microglia from AD donors and non-demented elderly in acute human post-mortem cortical tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid M. Alsema ◽  
Qiong Jiang ◽  
Laura Kracht ◽  
Emma Gerrits ◽  
Marissa L. Dubbelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuro Inflammation

AbstractMicroglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing in mice indicate high relevance of microglia with respect to risk genes and neuro-inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we investigated microglia transcriptomes at bulk and single cell level in non-demented elderly and AD donors using acute human post-mortem cortical brain samples. We identified 9 human microglial subpopulations with heterogeneity in gene expression. Notably, gene expression profiles and subcluster composition of microglia did not differ between AD donors and non-demented elderly in bulk RNA sequencing nor in single-cell sequencing.

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