Phylogenetic reconstruction of scleraxonian octocorals supports the resurrection of the family Spongiodermidae (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Cairns ◽  
Herman H. Wirshing
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Locus

The Scleraxonia are a group of octocorals that share similarities of their axis morphology. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown this group to be largely polyphyletic. As a result, there is a significant lack of understanding of what constitutes distinct evolutionary units among members of this group, particularly at the family level. Prompted by the discovery of an unknown spongiodermid scleraxonian octocoral (Anthothelidae) from shallow water off the Pacific coast of lower Baja California, a phylogenetic analysis of the undescribed specimen, together with members of six scleraxonian families and an additional 29 non-scleraxonian octocorallian families was performed. Two mitochondrial loci (mtMutS and COI) and one nuclear locus (28S) supported a monophyletic spongiodermid clade (Homophyton, Callipodium, Diodogorgia, Titanideum and Sclerophyton, gen. nov.) at the family-level. The unknown scleraxonian was supported as a new genus and species within the spongiodermid clade, sister to the western Atlantic genus Titanideum. A morphological examination of the taxa within this clade revealed shared morphological similarities in solenial (boundary) canals, and medullar and cortical sclerites. A revision, with illustrations, of the Spongiodermidae was performed. Similar to previous studies, this study underscores the importance of combined morphological and molecular analyses in order to resolve unstable systematic relationships among octocorals.

Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shchenkov ◽  
S.A. Denisova ◽  
G.A. Kremnev ◽  
A.A. Dobrovolskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

Zaiwa: A new genus of the family Lophocateridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cleroidea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGY YU. LYUBARSKY ◽  
ERIK TIHELKA ◽  
CHEN-YANG CAI ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Modes Of Life

Lophocateridae is a small family of cleroid beetles with more than one hundred species in 14 genera (Crowson, 1970; Kolibáč, 2013; Kolibáč & Peris, 2021). While the group was previously treated as a subfamily or tribe of Trogossitidae (e.g., Crowson, 1964; Barron, 1971; Ślipiński, 1992; Kolibáč, 2006), molecular phylogenetic analyses have not support the monophyly of Trogossitidae sensu lato (Bocak et al., 2014; Hunt et al., 2007; McKenna et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018; Kolibáč et al., 2021). In the most comprehensive analysis of Cleroidea performed to date by Gimmel et al. (2019), Lophocateridae was recovered as sister to Chaetosomatidae and Trogossitidae sensu stricto and elevated to family level. Extant Lophocateridae are cosmopolitan and display diverse modes of life, including fungivorous, herbivorous and predatory species, all of which are mostly associated with saproxylic habitats (Kolibáč, 2013).

scholarly journals The Role of Botanical Families in Medicinal Ethnobotany: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Airy Gras ◽  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Ugo D’Ambrosio ◽  
Montse Parada ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Studies suggesting that medicinal plants are not chosen at random are becoming more common. The goal of this work is to shed light on the role of botanical families in ethnobotany, depicting in a molecular phylogenetic frame the relationships between families and medicinal uses of vascular plants in several Catalan-speaking territories. The simple quantitative analyses for ailments categories and the construction of families and disorders matrix were carried out in this study. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the over- and underused families in the medicinal flora. Phylogenetically informed analyses were carried out to identify lineages in which there is an overrepresentation of families in a given category of use, i.e., hot nodes. The ethnobotanicity index, at a specific level, was calculated and also adapted to the family level. Two diversity indices to measure the richness of reported taxa within each family were calculated. A total of 47,630 use reports were analysed. These uses are grouped in 120 botanical families. The ethnobotanicity index for this area is 14.44% and the ethnobotanicity index at the family level is 68.21%. The most-reported families are Lamiaceae and Asteraceae and the most reported troubles are disorders of the digestive and nutritional system. Based on the meta-analytic results, indicating hot nodes of useful plants at the phylogenetic level, specific ethnopharmacological research may be suggested, including a phytochemical approach of particularly interesting taxa.

scholarly journals REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LA FAMILIA ANTENNARIIDAE PARA COLOMBIA (PISCES: LOPHIIFORMES), INCLUYENDO UN NUEVO REGISTRO DE ANTENNARIUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Mejía Ladino ◽  
Arturo Acero P. ◽  
Luz S. Mejía M. ◽  
Andrea Polanco F.
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Caribbean

The family Antennariidae is represented by two genera (Antennarius and Histrio) and seven species in the Western Atlantic, and by two genera (Antennarius and Antennatus) and five species in the Eastern Pacific. All the species are known from Colombian waters, with the exception of Antenanrius coccineus. In this study we review the family Antenariidae in Colombia, based on the examination of 51 specimens. Antennarius radiosus is first recorded from the Colombian Caribbean, based on two specimens collected with trawls at 20 m depth in Buritaca (Magdalena) and Isla Fuerte (Córdoba). Antennarius radiosus, Antennarius bermudensis, Antennarius multiocellatus, Antennarius ocellatus and Antennarius pauciradiatus are restricted to the Western Atlantic. The most common species found in Colombian seas are Antennarius striatus in the Caribbean and Antennarius avalonis in the Pacific. Histrio histrio is the only species with an almost circumglobal distribution. A key to identify antenariid fishes from Colombia is provided.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Astianthus (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular data, wood and bark anatomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Brenda Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Esteban M. Martínez Salas ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann ◽  
N. Ivalu Cacho
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phloem Fibers ◽  
Plastid Markers ◽  
Bark Anatomy

Background: Astianthus is a monospecific arborescent genus of Bignoniaceae that occur in the Pacific Coast of central Mexico and northern Central America, where it grows in dense populations along riversides. Its phylogenetic placement has remained controversial since Astianthus has unusual morphological characters such as a four-loculed ovary, and simple, pulvinate, verticillate leaves. Methods: Here we used three plastid markers ndhF, rbcL, and trnL-F, wood, and bark anatomical data to investigate the phylogenetic placement of Astianthus and assign it to one of Bignoniaceae’s main clades. Results: Our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that Astianthus belongs in tribe Tecomeae s.s., where other charismatic Neotropical Bignoniaceae genera such as Campsis and Tecoma are currently placed. Wood and bark anatomy support this placement, as Astianthus reunites a unique combination of features only known from members of Tecomeae s.s., such as storied axial parenchyma, the co-occurrence of homo- and heterocellular rays, septate fibers, and scattered phloem fibers in the bark. Conclusions: The placement of Astianthus within Tecomeae s.s. provides further support to previous proposals for the Neotropical origin of this Pantropical tribe.

The Phylogenetic Position of Crenea in the Lythraceae Based on Molecular Evidence, and the Transfer of Its Two Species to Ammannia

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Graham ◽  
Peter W. Inglis ◽  
Taciana B. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Globally Distributed

Crenea Aubl. (Lythraceae) is a ditypic genus of subshrubs occurring in mangrove vegetation on the coasts of northern South America. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphology have offered unresolved and conflicting phylogenetic positions for the genus in the family. This study presents the first molecular sequences for Crenea, from nrITS, rbcL, trnL, trnL-F, and matK regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses find full support for Crenea within Ammannia L., a relationship not previously recognized. Ammannia is a globally distributed genus of terrestrial to amphibious herbs mostly occurring in freshwater marshes and wetlands. It was recently reconfigured based on phylogenetic evidence to include the genera Nesaea Comm. ex Kunth and Hionanthera A. Fern. & Diniz. The transfer of Crenea to Ammannia further extends the morphological, ecological, and biogeographical diversity of Ammannia and provides the final evidence defining Ammannia as a monophyletic lineage of the Lythraceae. A revised circumscription of Ammannia s.l. adds several new morphological character states and the first species in the genus restricted to mangrove vegetation. Two changes in taxonomic status are made: Ammannia maritima (Aubl.) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov., and Ammannia patentinervius (Koehne) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov. The new combinations are described, a list of exsiccatae examined is provided, and the effects of the reconfiguration to the morphology and biogeography of the genus are detailed.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

Across Lydekker's Line - first report of mite harvestmen (Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi : Stylocellidae) from New Guinea

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Clouse ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of

Opiliones (harvestmen) in the suborder Cyphophthalmi are not known to disperse across oceans and each family in the suborder is restricted to a clear biogeographic region. While undertaking a revisionary study of the South-east Asian family Stylocellidae, two collections of stylocellids from New Guinea were noted. This was a surprising find, since the island appears never to have had a land connection with Eurasia, where the rest of the family members are found. Here, 21 New Guinean specimens collected from the westernmost end of the island (Manokwari Province, Indonesia) are described and their relationships to other cyphophthalmids are analysed using molecular sequence data. The specimens represent three species, Stylocellus lydekkeri, sp. nov., S. novaguinea, sp. nov. and undescribed females of a probable third species, which are described and illustrated using scanning electron microscope and stereomicroscope photographs. Stylocellus novaguinea, sp. nov. is described from a single male and it was collected with a juvenile and the three females of the apparent third species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species are indeed in the family Stylocellidae and they therefore reached western New Guinea by dispersing through Lydekker’s line – the easternmost limit of poor dispersers from Eurasia. The New Guinean species may indicate at least two episodes of oceanic dispersal by Cyphophthalmi, a phenomenon here described for the first time. Alternatively, the presence in New Guinea of poor dispersers from Eurasia may suggest novel hypotheses about the history of the island.

scholarly journals Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Amauroderma s. lat. (Ganodermataceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-F. Sun ◽  
D.H. Costa-Rezende ◽  
J.-H. Xing ◽  
J.-L. Zhou ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Amauroderma s.lat. has been defined mainly by the morphological features of non-truncate and double-walled basidiospores with a distinctly ornamented endospore wall. In this work, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on species of Amauroderma s.lat. are carried out by morphological examination together with ultrastructural observations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) and the β-tubulin gene (TUB). The results demonstrate that species of Ganodermataceae formed ten clades. Species previously placed in Amauroderma s.lat. are divided into four clades: Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa and a new genus Sanguinoderma. The classification of Amauroderma s. lat. is thus revised, six new species are described and illustrated, and eight new combinations are proposed. SEM micrographs of basidiospores of Foraminispora and Sanguinoderma are provided, and the importance of SEM in delimitation of taxa in this study is briefly discussed. Keys to species of Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa, and Sanguinoderma are also provided.

The genus Phillipsia from China and Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUSHA H. EKANAYAKA ◽  
D. J. BHAT ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
E. B. GARETH JONES ◽  
QI ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

The genus Phillipsia (Sarcoscyphaceae) is characterized by large, bright-coloured, sub-stipitate apothecia, sub-operculate asci and asymmetrical ascospores with longitudinal striations. Morphological and phylogenetic studies were carried out on new collections of Phillipsia from China and Thailand. Phillipsia subpurpurea are recorded from China and Phillipsia gelatinosa from Thailand is introduced as a new species to science. Our new collections are confirmed to be divergent from other species of Phillipsia based on morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. Descriptions and figures are provided for the taxa which are also compared with allied taxa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document