Can larval snapper, Pagrus auratus, smell their new home?

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Radford ◽  
C. J. Sim-Smith ◽  
A. G. Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Pagrus Auratus ◽  
Temperate Fish ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mussel Habitat

The ability to find a suitable settlement habitat after a pelagic larval period represents a significant challenge to marine settlement-stage larvae, and the mechanisms by which they achieve this are poorly understood. There is good evidence that olfactory cues are used by some coral reef fish larvae to locate suitable settlement habitats; however, the same understanding is lacking for marine temperate fish. Here we show for the first time that the larvae of an important commercial and recreational marine temperate fish, Pagrus auratus, can use olfactory cues to orient to appropriate settlement habitat. Using pairwise choice experiments, naive hatchery reared fish were offered water collected from a range of habitats in the Kaipara Harbour, an important nursery area for P. auratus. Larvae selected to swim towards water taken from over seagrass beds, their preferred settlement habitat, than water taken from the harbour entrance, Asian date mussel habitat, artificial seawater or artificial seawater in which seagrass had been soaked. The preference by the fish for water from the seagrass habitat over artificial seawater in which seagrass had been soaked strongly suggests that chemical cues from sources other than seagrass, such as from prey or conspecifics present in the seagrass habitat, may also be involved.

Chemical cues from habitats and conspecifics guide sand-smelt Atherina presbyter larvae to reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
P Vicente ◽  
S Martins-Cardoso ◽  
F Almada ◽  
EJ Gonçalves ◽  
AM Faria
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish Species ◽  
Tropical Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Temperate Fish

Chemical cues have been widely addressed as potential cues for fish larvae to orient, detect or remain close to suitable habitat. However, most studies to date have been on tropical reef species and have suggested a chemosensory-driven homing behaviour, with only few studies on temperate fish indicating a less conclusive response to chemical cues. We hypothesized that detection and response to chemical cues might provide an important mechanism maintaining the larvae of a temperate reef fish species (sand-smelt Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829), close to their natal reef. The ability to discriminate chemical cues from different rocky reefs, and natal and non-natal conspecifics was tested. Water and shoals of sand-smelt larvae were collected from 3 reefs, and larval preference was tested in a 2-choice flume chamber. Larvae preferred nearby reefs over natal reefs and discriminated and preferred conspecifics from their natal reef. Moreover, our results suggested that both cues are equally relevant, as the combination of reef cues with conspecifics was more attractive to sand-smelt than either cue in isolation. When conspecific and reef preferences were tested against each other, there was no longer a clear preference for either cue. Additional tests suggested that preference for conspecifics could be driven by either diet or habitat-related chemical cues. Chemical cues and the corresponding detection mechanisms likely play an important role in finding suitable habitat and increasing the fitness of temperate reef fish.

scholarly journals What is that smell? Hummingbirds avoid foraging on resources with defensive insect compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Y. Kim ◽  
David T. Rankin ◽  
Erin E. Wilson Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wood Ants ◽  
Avian Olfaction ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hummingbirds utilize visual cues to locate flowers, but little is known about the role olfaction plays in nectar foraging despite observations that hummingbirds avoid resources occupied by certain insects. We investigated the behavioral responses of both wild and captive hummingbirds to olfactory cues of hymenopteran floral visitors, including native wood ants (Formica francoeuri), invasive Argentine ants (Linepithema humile), and European honeybees (Apis mellifera). We demonstrate for the first time that hummingbirds use olfaction to make foraging decisions when presented with insect-derived chemical cues under field and aviary conditions. Both wild and captive hummingbirds avoided foraging on feeders with defensive chemicals of F. francoeuri and aggregation pheromones of L. humile, but showed no response to honeybee cuticular hydrocarbons. Our experiments demonstrate the importance of olfaction in shaping hummingbird foraging decisions. Significance statement Recent reviews reveal that avian olfaction is not just limited to vultures and a few taxa. We demonstrate that a very charismatic group, hummingbirds, avoid defensive and aggregatory chemical cues from insects present at nectar resources. Olfactory cues can provide critical information about the presence and potential threat of insect floral visitors. This study raises new questions about the underrated importance of olfaction in avian foraging and specifically, hummingbird foraging.

scholarly journals Fish larvae as food item of planktonic predator (Chaetognatha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Vdodovich ◽  
P. S. Podrezova ◽  
T. N. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Food Competitor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator

Photos of predation of sagitta (Chaetognatha) to fish larvae are presented for the first time for the Black Sea. While analyzing ichthyoplankton samples obtained in May and November in 2017 (94ᵗʰ and 98ᵗʰ cruises of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”) several sagittas were found with their guts containing fish larvae. Fish larvae seem to have been captured by sagittas in the same way as sagittas in cannibalism cases, with both folding in half at the spot of capture. The data obtained allow us to assume sagittas in conditions of high abundance of eggs and fish larvae in the plankton to be not only a food competitor of larvae and juveniles of fish, as a fodder plankton consumer, but an active predator, being able to play a significant role in the elimination of ichthyoplankton.

scholarly journals Terrestrial chemical cues help coral reef fish larvae locate settlement habitat surrounding islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Dixson ◽  
Geoffrey P. Jones ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
Morgan S. Pratchett ◽  
Maya Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Fish Larvae

scholarly journals Swimming Abilities of Temperate Pelagic Fish Larvae Prove that they May Control their Dispersion in Coastal Areas

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptista ◽  
Morais ◽  
Cruz ◽  
Castanho ◽  
Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Diplodus Sargus ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Temperate Fish ◽  
The Relationship

The Sense Acuity and Behavioral (SAAB) Hypothesis proposes that the swimming capabilities and sensorial acuity of temperate fish larvae allows them to find and swim towards coastal nursery areas, which are crucial for their recruitment. To gather further evidence to support this theory, it is necessary to understand how horizontal swimming capability varies along fish larvae ontogeny. Therefore, we studied the swimming capability of white seabream Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae along ontogeny, and their relationship with physiological condition. Thus, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and the distance swam (km) during endurance tests were determined for fish larvae from 15 to 55 days post-hatching (DPH), and their physiological condition (RNA, DNA and protein contents) was assessed. The critical swimming speed of white seabream larvae increased along ontogeny from 1.1 cm s−1 (15 DPH) to 23 cm s−1 (50 and 55 DPH), and the distance swam by larvae in the endurance experiments increased from 0.01 km (15 DPH) to 86.5 km (45 DPH). This finding supports one of the premises of the SAAB hypothesis, which proposes that fish larvae can influence their transport and distribution in coastal areas due to their swimming capabilities. The relationship between larvae’s physiological condition and swimming capabilities were not evident in this study. Overall, this study provides critical information for understanding the link between population dynamics and connectivity with the management and conservation of fish stocks.

Current Research and Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Northern Africa, III

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela E. Close
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
North African ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Khartoum Mesolithic ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
First Time

This article reports on developments in archaeological research in North Africa during the last four years, as these are reflected in the 350, or thereabouts, radiocarbon (and thermoluminescence) dates that have appeared since the last review. The number of new dates, and new data, becoming available indicate that North African archaeology is flourishing, although, in contrast to the earlier decades of this century, the focus seems now to be moving toward the eastern part of the region, and toward matters of adaptation rather than of simple classification, as exemplified by the new interpretations of the Dhar Tichitt Neolithic in Mauritania.The lower Nile Valley has yielded evidence for an intensification of subsistence activities in the Late Palaeolithic in two areas, Makhadma and Kubbaniya, both involving fish-harvesting and the latter also witnessing the use of plant-foods on a scale hitherto undocumented for this period.At the beginning of the Holocene, there is now good evidence for an eighth millennium bc Neolithic in northern Niger, complete with sophisticated ceramics, which complements the evidence already known for similar phenomena further east in the Sahara. There is even a possibility that the Khartoum Mesolithic of the central Nile Valley might be equally old. Our understanding of the Sudanese Neolithic has greatly increased. For the first time, there appears to be a development from the Khartoum Mesolithic into the Khartoum Neolithic, albeit located outside the Valley. The Khartoum Neolithic is more or less confined to the fourth millennium bc, but did give rise to the later Kadada Neolithic. After Kadada, the focus of settlement seems to have shifted outside the Valley until Meroitic times.In the protohistoric and historic periods, we have a better understanding of the chronology of the Egyptian Predynastic, although not yet of its development; what models exist will be radically modified if the pyramids are indeed as old as the dates on them now indicate. Finally, far from the Nile Valley in northern Niger, there comes detailed evidence of the development of a precocious metallurgical tradition within a Neolithic context.

scholarly journals A Revision of the Coccidia Parasitic in Man

Parasitology ◽  
1919 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Dobell
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Near East ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Form ◽  
First Time

From a study of the organisms themselves, so far as this has been possible, and from an analysis of all accessible records relating to them, I conclude that there are four distinct species of coccidia which may parasitize man. These are: (1) Isospora hominis Rivolta, 1878 (emend.), discovered by Kjellberg in 1860. and recently investigated by Wenyon; (2) Eimeria wenyoni n.sp., a form discovered in 1915 by Wenyon; (3) Eimeria oxyspora n.sp., another new form, here described for the first time; (4) an undetermined species of Eimeria (?) which was discovered by Gubler in 1858. This last inhabits the human liver, whilst the three others probably live in the small intestine. Probably some seventy cases of infection with the Isospora have now been seen, mostly in persons who have been in the Near East; but the other parasites appear to be extremely rare, and little is known concerning their probable geographical distribution.All these parasites are probably peculiar to man. There is no evidence that any of them is or can be parasitic in any other host. The prevailing belief that the coccidia of man are identical with those of rabbits, cats, or dogs, is therefore unfounded. Furthermore, there is as yet no good evidence to show that man may harbour any species of coccidia other than the four just enumerated. All these forms, however, require fuller investigation. They are here briefly and incompletely described from the data at present available.There is at present no proof that the coccidia of man—with the probable exception of the species occurring in the liver—can produce a clinically recognizable pathological condition of “coccidiosis”: and as yet no method of treatment which will eradicate an infection with any species has been discovered.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Auxis spp. larvae (Pisces: Scombridae) from the Gulf of California: Solving morphological identification limits

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Ochoa-Muñoz ◽  
Noé Díaz-Viloria ◽  
Laura Sánchez-Velasco ◽  
Sylvia P. A. Jiménez-Rosenberg ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Marine Fish Larvae ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
First Time

The larvae of the Auxis genus are abundant in the Gulf of California during summer; however, their identification to the species level by morphological methods is a challenge. The goal of this study was to identify A. thazard and A. rochei larvae for first time, through molecular markers using COI sequences of mtDNA, and look for distinctive morphological characteristics between species, mainly in pigmentation patterns. Larvae were obtained by zooplankton tows in 3 oceanographic cruises in the southern Gulf of California and adjacent waters. The presence of A. thazard and A. rochei larvae was genetically confirmed. The sequences of 7 larvae showed genetic divergences lower than 1% when were compared to sequences of A. thazard adults, while 15 larvae showed genetic divergences lower than 2% when where compared to sequences of A. rochei adults. Genetic divergences between both Auxis species were higher than 2%. These results suggest the spawning of both species in the Gulf of California. On the other hand, pigmentation patterns and morphometric characteristics, in all larval stages, did not permit the secure differentiation between species. Thus, the use of molecular identification by COI is recommended to identify Auxis larvae to the species level, as well as in other marine fish larvae collected in other regions of the world, that have identification troubles.

scholarly journals Male-derived cuticular hydrocarbons signal sperm competition intensity and affect ejaculate expenditure in crickets

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1655) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L Thomas ◽  
Leigh W Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity

Female sexual promiscuity can have significant effects on male mating decisions because it increases the intensity of competition between ejaculates for fertilization. Because sperm production is costly, males that can detect multiple matings by females and allocate sperm strategically will have an obvious fitness advantage. The presence of rival males is widely recognized as a cue used by males to assess sperm competition. However, for species in which males neither congregate around nor guard females, other more cryptic cues might be involved. Here, we demonstrate unprecedented levels of sperm competition assessment by males, which is mediated via the use of chemical cues. Using the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus , we manipulated male perception of sperm competition by experimentally coating live unmated females with cuticular compounds extracted from males. We found that males adjusted their ejaculate allocation in response to these compounds: the viability of sperm contained within a male's ejaculate decreased as the number of male extracts applied to his virgin female partner was increased. We further show that males do not respond to the relative concentration of male compounds present on females, but rather to the number of distinct signature odours of individual males. Our results conform to sperm competition theory, and show for the first time, to our knowledge, that males can detect different intensities of sperm competition by using distinct chemical cues of individual males present on females.

Tooth structure and buccal pores in the chaetognath Flaccisagitta hexaptera and their relation to the capture of fish larvae and copepods

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik V. Thuesen ◽  
Robert Bieri
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chemosensory Function ◽  
Scanning Electron

The teeth of Flaccisagitta hexaptera are capable of penetrating the exoskeleton of copepods. The grasping spines, anterior, and posterior teeth are all capable of piercing the epidermis of larval fish as seen in a series of scanning electron micrographs. A new type of anterior tooth structure is observed. A chemosensory function is suggested for a new set of pores found between the sets of anterior teeth. The secretory nature of the vestibular pit is clearly seen for the first time.

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