Population dynamics and secondary production of gastropods on a sheltered beach in south-eastern Brazil: a comparison between an herbivore and a scavenger

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo S. Cardoso ◽  
Tatiana M. B. Cabrini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Herbivorous Species

A greater amount of organic matter and the higher productivity in sheltered environments, such as muddy beaches, can be attributed to the presence of bacteria and plants, which provide more food in these environments than in exposed sandy beaches. However, the influence of this productivity on the population biology of different trophic levels has not been adequately assessed in sheltered environments. We examined the variation of population dynamics and secondary production of two intertidal gastropods, the herbivorous Cerithium atratum and the scavenger Nassarius vibex, in a sandflat environment. Monthly samplings were conducted at Flexeiras beach according to a systematic design. The highest population abundances were observed in spring for both species. The herbivorous species had higher abundance, individual sizes, growth performance, mean biomass, secondary production somatic, slower growth acceleration (K) and longer life spans than the scavenger species. Similar mortality was observed between both gastropods and could be explained by biological (i.e. predation) and physical (e.g. organic material and sediment type) factors. The life-history traits of the gastropod species responded to trophic levels. Herbivores had higher abundance, growth and production efficiency than did scavengers. However, environmental factors, such as temperature and food quality and availability, also affected these species.

Population Biology and Secondary Production of Excirolana braziliensis (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) in Two Sandy Beaches of Southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. S. Caetano ◽  
Ricardo S. Cardoso ◽  
Valéria G. Veloso ◽  
Elen S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Production ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Southeastern Brazil

Population biology and diet of the puffer fish Lagocephalus laevigatus (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, south-eastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Denadai ◽  
F.B. Santos ◽  
E. Bessa ◽  
L.P. Bernardes ◽  
A. Turra
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Entire Study Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Puffer Fish ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Sexually Mature

This study describes the spatio-temporal distribution, population biology, and diet of the puffer fish Lagocephalus laevigatus in Caraguatatuba Bay, south-eastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken between August 2003 and October 2004 by trawls in two areas, south and north, at depths of 1 to 4 m. The fish were measured and their sex and reproductive stage determined. The abundance of this species was compared between areas and among months, and the items in the diet were identified and quantified. Lagocephalus laevigatus was rare in Caraguatatuba Bay, where only 199 small individuals (4.8 to 15.4 cm) were obtained in the entire study period, suggesting that this species uses the estuary as a nursery. None of the specimens of L. laevigatus captured in Caraguatatuba Bay were sexually mature. Higher densities of L. laevigatus in the bay were recorded in the south area and between October and December 2003, i.e. in the spring, suggesting that spawning may occur from late winter to spring (August through to November). The diet items consumed by L. laevigatus in Caraguatatuba Bay were, as expected from the current literature, crustaceans, mainly amphipods, and fish. However, the most-consumed item was the sea whip Leptogorgia setacea (Cnidaria). This feeding habit may be related to the presence of toxins (tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin) that are frequently found in the skin and viscera of L. laevigatus, which may be sequestered from the sea whip, which possibility still needs to be specifically evaluated.

scholarly journals POPULATION BIOLOGY OF MUD CRAB Scylla serrata - Forsskal, 1775 IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF SUBANG DISTRICT, WEST JAVA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Ayu Annisa Kumalah ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno ◽  
Isdradjad Setyobudiandi ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Exploitation Rate

<p><em>The study </em><em>of population biology </em><em>of mud crab <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scylla</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">serrata</span> is necessary to </em><em>analyse </em><em>the population dynamics, </em><em>such as </em><em>growth of crabs, size distribution, mortality </em><em>and exploitation </em><em>rate</em><em>s</em><em> </em>of<em> </em><em>S. </em><em>s</em><em>errata. </em><em>Population biology </em><em>data collection </em><em>was </em><em>carried out</em><em> from March to June 2016 at</em><em> estuary and </em><em>s</em><em>ilvofishery area</em><em>s of three stations (</em>Mayangan, Tanjung Tiga and Blanakan villages)<em>.</em><em> </em><em>Data  were analyzed </em><em>using </em><em>analytical methods </em><em>of</em><em> FISAT-II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Toool II)instruments. </em><em>The results showed the growth of S. </em><em>s</em><em>errata male in Subang distric was </em><em>positive </em><em>allometric and the female was negative allometric</em><em>. </em><em>Growth coefficient (K) ranged from 0.21 to 0.43 in the estuary and from 0.28 to 0.89 in silvofishery area.</em><em> Exploitation rate in</em><em> the </em><em>silvofishery </em><em>area </em><em>has been </em><em>above the maximum exploitation rate. The size distribution of S. </em><em>s</em><em>errata in Subang district has the highest frequency </em><em>at</em><em> </em><em>class</em><em> interval</em><em> of</em><em> 106-110 </em><em>mm </em><em>(male) and</em><em> of</em><em> 101-105</em><em> mm</em><em>. </em><em>The highest abundance of mature female crabs is in May.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : </em><em>population </em><em>biology, </em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">S</span></em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">cylla</span></em><em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">serrata</span>, Subang District</em></p>

scholarly journals SECONDARY PRODUCTION OF Scolelepis goodbodyi (POLYCHAETA: SPIONIDAE) IN A TROPICAL SANDY BEACH IN THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC, BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 819-833
Author(s):  
Luciana Sanches Dourado Leão ◽  
◽  
Abílio Soares-Gomes ◽  
José Roberto Botelho de Souza ◽  
Cinthya Simone Gomes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Web Studies ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Density And Biomass

The secondary production is the result of the functional response of populations subject to various environmental factors. Marine habitats vary in terms of quantity and quality of food supply, and the use of secondary production values, as well as renewal rates (P/B), may be used as estimates for understanding the incorporation of organic matter and energy per unit, population or community in each area. This estimative was performed for the population of Scolelepis goodbodyi in a tropical beach in the Southwestern Atlantic, located in an upwelling area. A comparison of Spionidae and non-spionid populations from different latitudes was also done. The Mass Specific Growth Rate method (MSGR) and the Production/Biomass ratio (P/B) were used to estimate the somatic annual production and average annual biomass. The mean density and biomass were 16.38 ind. m-2 and 2.78 g AFDW m-2,respectively. The secondary production and P/B were 8.3 g AFDW m-2 y-1 and 2.98 y1, respectively. The growth rate in weight was greater for the small size than the large size classes. The largest individuals (W3C = 1.0 mm) showed the lowest biomass and secondary production values. The observed high rates of secondary production and P/B suggest that this S. goodbodyi population can transfer large amounts of biomass to higher trophic levels of the local food web. Studies of the secondary production of spionidae populations in different latitudes, including the population of S. goodbodyi in the beach of Manguinhos, showed variability in their rates probably due to the differences of several factors such as life history and environmental variability

Environmental effects on the structure of polychaete feeding guilds on the beaches of Sepetiba Bay, south-eastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Mattos ◽  
Ricardo S. Cardoso ◽  
André Souza Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Macrofauna Communities

Several studies have been conducted to explain patterns of the abundance, richness and diversity of sandy-beach macrofauna; however, such analyses have ignored the overall functional structure of macrofauna communities. Few studies have examined polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beach environments. To examine the effects of environmental factors on polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beaches, 12 sandy beaches from five islands in Sepetiba Bay were sampled. A total of 24 polychaete morphospecies, grouped among 21 families, were identified in these sandy beaches. The polychaete species were classified into 10 feeding guilds, and the SDT guild (suspended-deposit feeders, discretely motile, with tentacles) was the most abundant feeding guild, with 34.2% of total number of organisms. The highest trophic importance index and index of trophic diversity values were recorded on the sheltered beaches. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that the exposure rate, beach length, and grain size of the beach sediment significantly affected the polychaete feeding guild distribution and abundance. We can conclude that sheltered beaches have a higher diversity of feeding guilds than exposed beaches and that the biological descriptors of the feeding guilds are directly associated with the grain size of the sediment.

Life history and environmental influences on population dynamics in sockeye salmon

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Braun ◽  
John D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Variables

Understanding linkages among life history traits, the environment, and population dynamics is a central goal in ecology. We compared 15 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to test general hypotheses for the relative importance of life history traits and environmental conditions in explaining variation in population dynamics. We used life history traits and habitat variables as covariates in mixed-effect Ricker models to evaluate the support for correlates of maximum population growth rates, density dependence, and variability in dynamics among populations. We found dramatic differences in the dynamics of populations that spawn in a small geographical area. These differences among populations were related to variation in habitats but not life history traits. Populations that spawned in deep water had higher and less variable population growth rates, and populations inhabiting streams with larger gravels experienced stronger negative density dependence. These results demonstrate, in these populations, the relative importance of environmental conditions and life histories in explaining population dynamics, which is rarely possible for multiple populations of the same species. Furthermore, they suggest that local habitat variables are important for the assessment of population status, especially when multiple populations with different dynamics are managed as aggregates.

scholarly journals Revealing Evolutionarily Optimal Strategies in Self-Reproducing Systems via a New Computational Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4701-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur Sandhu ◽  
Andrew Morozov ◽  
Oleg Kuzenkov
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

AbstractModelling the evolution of complex life history traits and behavioural patterns observed in the natural world is a challenging task. Here, we develop a novel computational method to obtain evolutionarily optimal life history traits/behavioural patterns in population models with a strong inheritance. The new method is based on the reconstruction of evolutionary fitness using underlying equations for population dynamics and it can be applied to self-reproducing systems (including complicated age-structured models), where fitness does not depend on initial conditions, however, it can be extended to some frequency-dependent cases. The technique provides us with a tool to efficiently explore both scalar-valued and function-valued traits with any required accuracy. Moreover, the method can be implemented even in the case where we ignore the underlying model equations and only have population dynamics time series. As a meaningful ecological case study, we explore optimal strategies of diel vertical migration (DVM) of herbivorous zooplankton in the vertical water column which is a widespread phenomenon in both oceans and lakes, generally considered to be the largest synchronised movement of biomass on Earth. We reveal optimal trajectories of daily vertical motion of zooplankton grazers in the water column depending on the presence of food and predators. Unlike previous studies, we explore both scenarios of DVM with static and dynamic predators. We find that the optimal pattern of DVM drastically changes in the presence of dynamic predation. Namely, with an increase in the amount of food available for zooplankton grazers, the amplitude of DVM progressively increases, whereas for static predators DVM would abruptly cease.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of crustaceans from 13 sheltered sandy beaches along São Sebastião Channel, south-eastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Nucci ◽  
A. Turra ◽  
E.H. Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

The crustacean species composition in the intertidal zones of 13 sheltered unconsolidated marine beaches in south-eastern Brazil is described. Fifty-three crustacean species were collected, adding 46 species to the total reported by previous studies in the same region. Decapods dominated the community, in contrast to exposed sandy beaches where peracarids normally predominate. The species were distributed irregularly among the beaches. Richness varied markedly among sites, and was positively related to a combination of factors such as fine sand grains, high organic matter content, and relatively low silt–clay content. The presence of rock fragments enabled both rocky shore and sandy beach crustaceans to occur on the same beaches. Richness and abundance of crustaceans showed no clear relationship to sediment grain size and slope, in contrast to the norm for exposed sandy beaches. The dominance of the tanaid Kalliapseudes schubarti in some areas may be a result of organic matter pollution in the region. These beaches showed higher species richness than typical sheltered and exposed sandy beaches, indicating that this sheltered, highly heterogeneous seascape is an important area for conservation.

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