Eggs, larvae, and spawning in Melarapha cincta (Quoy & Gaimard) and M. oliveri Finlay (Littorinidae, Gastropoda)

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Pilkington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Side View ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
Veliger Stage ◽  
Early Veliger

Both the New Zealand species of Melarapha, M. cincta and M. oliveri, laid minute planktonic egg capsules, of the "Drum" type, in the laboratory. Capsules were similar in the two species, but could be distinguished in side view by shape. Eggs developed rapidly, hatching at an early veliger stage in 3-4 days at room temperature. Attempts to rear these very small larvae were not successful, but later veligers, taken from plankton hauls, were reared through metamorphosis and identified as Melarapha. Veliger stages are drawn and described and the length of planktonic life assessed as 1-2 months. The two species are indistinguishable after hatching until many months after metamorphosis when the adult coloration of the shell is developed. Spawning was studied at Portobello in a mixed population of M. cincta and M. Oliveri extending from high HWS to low HWS. The breeding season was from November to March. Spawning, in animals associated with rock pools, occurred intermittently and not particularly during spring tides. The presence of egg capsules of both species in rock pool samples was associated ( χ² tests) with a rock pool salinity of 33-36‰ and with the occurrence of rough weather.

Population ecology of the Intertidal Anemone Actinia tenebrosa II Geographical distribution, synonymy, reproductive cycle and fecundity

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Ottaway
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
The Other

Synonymy and geographical distribution of A. tenebrosa are discussed. Reproductive cycle and fecundity were examined between 1972 and 1975 inclusive at Kaikoura, New Zealand. At any one time, up to 77% of the adult population developed gonads and 20-94% of adults were brooding young. The main periods of gonad development, November-April inclusive, coincided with the warmest annual sea temperatures. Over 99.4% of brooded embryos dissected from 1851 adults were tentaculate young; the rest were planulae. It is suggested that the normal reproductive mode of the observed population is cross-fertilizing labile gonochorism, in which adults change from one sex to the other within each breeding season. Brooding adults would therefore be the maternal parents of their brooded embryos, even though subsequently the brooders would appear to be asexual or could become functional males.

Corrigendum to: Size, depth and position affect the diversity and structure of rock pool communities in an urban estuary

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Nina Schaefer ◽  
Katherine A. Dafforn ◽  
Emma L. Johnston ◽  
Mariana Mayer-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Urban Estuary ◽  
Sydney Harbour

Rock pools provide a range of ecological niches that can support diverse assemblages on rocky shores. As intertidal shores are increasingly lost to developments, understanding the drivers of diversity in rock pools is important for the conservation and construction of these key habitats. In this study we investigated relationships between physical characteristics of rock pools and their biota in an urban estuary. We sampled the biota every 6 weeks for 1 year at sites in the inner and outer zones of Sydney Harbour. In the well-flushed and exposed outer zone, sessile and mobile taxa richness was positively related to rock pool width, whereas only mobile taxa richness was related to depth and volume. In the more urbanised and less exposed inner zone, mobile taxa richness was positively related to rock pool width and volume. In both zones, sessile taxa richness decreased with increasing height on shore. Our results suggest that the biodiversity of intertidal rock pools varies depending on their position in Sydney Harbour and the available species pool. Therefore, restoration efforts should consider rock pool size parameters and local environmental conditions, including location, so designs can be optimised to maximise species diversity in these pools.

Mouth-brush dimorphism in larvae of Opifex fuscus Hutton (Diptera, Culicidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Food Particle ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Hair Type

Among larval populations of the mosquito Opifex fuscus Hutton from supralittoral pools on the east coast of South Island, New Zealand, some individuals in the second, third and fourth instars had only simple hairs in their mouth-brushes, others had pectinate bristles. All first-instar larvae had simple hairs, and samples of these from the same pool were reared in the laboratory at 25°C. Of 13 fed on dehydrated blood serum, only two developed pectinate bristles, but of 15 fed on fish food (particle size 0·1–0·6 mm.), all but one did. Of a later sample of 16 reared at room temperature on fish food in the first two instars and then on the blood serum, all developed pectinate bristles in the second instar but had reverted to simple hairs by the fourth. In nature, larvae of O. fuscus observed to be feeding by filtering were predominantly of the simple-hair type and those browsing of the pectinate-bristle type. Environmentally controlled dimorphism may increase the probability that an individual will develop to maturity.

scholarly journals Foraging ecology and choice of feeding habitat in the New Zealand Fairy Tern Sternula nereis davisae

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANIE M. H. ISMAR ◽  
TOM TRNSKI ◽  
TONY BEAUCHAMP ◽  
SARAH J. BURY ◽  
DAVID WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Sand Spit ◽  
Feeding Habitat

SummaryNo published information is available on the foraging ecology and choice of feeding habitat of New Zealand’s rarest breeding bird: the New Zealand Fairy Tern (NZFT) Sternula nereis davisae. To address this gap, we conducted an assessment of the largest remaining breeding population at Mangawhai Harbour, Northland, New Zealand, during the chick-rearing period of the 2010/2011 breeding season. We combined visual tracking of birds with prey surveys and stable isotope analyses, and we present the first quantitative assessment of NZFT foraging. We recorded 405 foraging dives that show NZFT foraging habitat includes the water edges, shallow channels, and pools on the tidal flats of mangrove-lined (Avicennia marina var. resinifera) parts of the estuary; tidal pools on mud- and sandflats in the mid-estuary and lower harbour; the shallow margins of the dredged main channel in the lower harbour; the oxbow lagoons on the sand spit; and coastal shallows. Our study identifies the mangrove-lined highly tidal and shallow mid-estuary and the lagoon on the sand spit as foraging hotspots for the Mangawhai breeding population of the NZFT. The prey survey employed a seine-net sampling method at identified NZFT foraging sites and yielded 4,367 prey-sized fish of 11 species, two of which had not previously been reported in Mangawhai Harbour, as well as numerous shrimps. The most abundant fish were gobies of the genus Favonigobius. Our stable isotope results highlight gobies as the most important prey for NZFT chick rearing, also indicating that flounder Rhombosolea sp. contribute to NZFT diet. We raise the possibility that shrimps may also constitute a substantial diet component for NZFT, potentially providing up to 21% of diet mass for adult birds. While our results provide a first basis to understanding the feeding ecology of NZFT during their breeding season in order to facilitate conservation planning, further research is required to address inter-annual variation and to identify key foraging grounds for this Critically Endangered bird at other breeding sites.

Breeding Season Diet and Prey Selection of the New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) in a Plantation Forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Seaton ◽  
Noel Hyde ◽  
John D. Holland ◽  
Edward O. Minot ◽  
Brian P. Springett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Is this rock pool suitable habitat? Fish diversity in intertidal rock pools of El Zonte, El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 913099
Author(s):  
Saúl González-Murcia ◽  
Sandra Erdmann ◽  
Raquel Alvarado-Larios
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
Rock Pool

scholarly journals Present status of strawberry fruit rot diseases in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Timudo-Torrevilla ◽  
K.R. Everett ◽  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
K.S.H. Boyd-Wilson Weeds ◽  
G.I. Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Ripe Fruit

The New Zealand strawberry industry experiences losses due to fungal diseases that can cost up to 44 million per annum or 20 of the crop value Disease control relies almost exclusively on applications of the fungicide captan During the 2003/2004 production season grower monitoring trials investigated the relative importance of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) and leak (Rhizopus spp) in causing postharvest fruit rot The average fruit rot incidence (expressed per day) was 36 22 and 16 for grey mould leak and anthracnose respectively when ripe fruit was incubated at room temperature under high humidity In two grower trials and one replicated spray trial frequent captan applications did not reduce grey mould anthracnose or leak incidence compared to an unsprayed treatment Integrated management strategies for control of strawberry fruit rot diseases are urgently required for New Zealand strawberry growers

scholarly journals Subfreezing versus Room-Temperature Balloon Dilation of Benign Tracheal Stenosis: A Pilot Study in Rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Wycherly ◽  
Matthew K. Steehler ◽  
Hosai Hesham ◽  
Kevin Burke ◽  
Sonya Malekzadeh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Tracheal Injury ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

We conducted an experiment to compare collagen deposition in tracheal stenoses dilated with room-temperature balloons and stenoses dilated with balloons at a subfreezing temperature (-10°C). Six New Zealand white rabbits underwent endoscopic tracheal injury. Tracheal dilation was performed at 3 weeks postinjury with either a room-temperature balloon or a vascular cryoplasty balloon. Five surviving rabbits were sacrificed at either 2 weeks (n = 3) or 4 weeks (n = 2) postdilation (1 rabbit that was not able to tolerate dilation was euthanized during the procedure). A blinded pathologist graded histologic sections of the injured tracheas for collagen content. The tracheal collagen deposits in the 3 animals sacrificed at 2 weeks postdilation were all graded as moderate. However, at the 4-week postdilation examination, there was a marked difference in collagen deposition between the rabbit that underwent room-temperature dilation and the rabbit that underwent subfreezing dilation; while the former showed moderate collagen deposition, the deposition in the latter was only mild. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that tracheal dilation with balloon cryotherapy decreased collagen deposition in the injured airway of 1 animal. Larger studies are required to determine whether balloon cryotherapy improves the long-term patency of immature tracheal stenosis.

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