Aqueous chemistry of major ions and trace metals in the Clutha River, New Zealand

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Kim ◽  
MR Reid ◽  
RG Cunninghame ◽  
KA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Weathering Process ◽  
Dissolved Trace Metals

Concentrations of the major ions Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO32-, SO42- and Cl-, of silicate, and of both total and dissolved trace metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were determined at sites along the Clutha River. The major ions exhibited differing behaviour both spatially and temporally. A large proportion of Cl- and Na+ throughout the catchment could be attributed to atmospheric input of sea salt. Contributions from this source for the rest of the major elements were minimal, except perhaps near the mouth of the river (K+, Mg2+). The water composition was dominated by the weathering of carbonate rather than of silicate minerals. Increases in the concentrations of Mg and Na + K indicate the weathering of Mg, K and Na from rock, minerals and clays within the catchment. The concentrations of major ions and Si were relatively low compared with other rivers in New Zealand and elsewhere. Concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd all increased consistently with distance down river, and between 40% and 100%, for a given metal, was found in the dissolved fraction. High correlation among the dissolved trace metals, with essentially constant Cu : Zn : Pb : Cd ratios of 755 : 716 : 223 : 1 (molar basis), indicates that the same weathering process or source may be occurring throughout the catchment.

Dissolved trace metals and their relationship to major elements in the Manuherikia River, a pristine subalpine catchment in central Otago, New Zealand

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Ahlers ◽  
JP Kim ◽  
KA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Dissolved Silicon ◽  
Dissolved Trace Metals

The spatial distributions of the dissolved trace metals Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb and of reactive Hg have been measured in parallel with the major elements Na, K, Mg and Ca and electrical conductivity in three sampling events in the Manuherikia River, New Zealand. The geographical span of the sampling sites ranged from a pristine subalpine upper catchment area through lower altitude sites that are increasingly affected by both natural weathering processes and moderate agricultural and domestic runoff. Major-element concentrations in the upper catchment were at or below the 1% frequency minimum of the spectrum of global river compositions, indicating a highly pristine system. Concen- trations increased steadily downstream to levels similar to world average river water. All trace metals exhibited the same spatial trends as the major ions. Typical upper-catchment concentrations were very low by global standards: Cu (150 ng L-1), Ni (100-150 ng L-1), Cd (8 ng L-I), Zn (150-200 ng L-1), Pb (20-30 ng L-1) and Hg (0.3 ng L-1). Oceanic residence times calculated from the data for Zn (80 000 years) and Cd (230 000 years) for which few reliable estimates have been made, are consistent with observed correlations between the oceanographic distributions of these elements and dissolved silicon or phosphate, respectively.

Geochemical processes affecting the major ion composition of rivers in the South Island, New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Kim ◽  
Keith A. Hunter ◽  
Malcolm R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
River Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
Geochemical Model ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Major Ion

The major ion (Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , Cl− , SO42− and reactive SiO2 ) compositions of seven rivers in the South Island, New Zealand (Manuherikia, Clutha, Takaka–Cobb, Haast, Grey, Aorere and Rakaia rivers) are reported. All the rivers were pristine in comparison with global average river waters, and the concentrations of most major ions were close to the 1% percentile levels for global river water compositions. A geochemical model that attributes ion compositions to both rain input and to the weathering of various simple mineral types in the catchment was applied to these data, and to data already published. This model, although simplistic, accounts for the main features of major ion composition in the rivers studied. The dominant sources of major ions were the weathering of limestones and feldspars. Atmospheric input was relatively small except for Na+ and Cl− .

Aqueous chemistry of major ions and trace metals in the Takaka - Cobb River system, New Zealand

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Kim ◽  
Keith A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
River System ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Limestone Weathering ◽  
A Minor

Concentrations of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO 4 2–), total alkalinity (TA), silicate (Si) and trace metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) have been investigated in the Takaka–Cobb River system at the northernmost extremity of the South Island, New Zealand. The range in concentrations of major ions, Si and TAwas large, with Ca2+ and TAdominating. Some waters in the upper catchment were close to saturation with respect to calcite, reflecting limestone dissolution both in the upper Takaka River and in an associated spring system. Dissolved trace metals exhibited different behaviour, with constant or increasing concentrations upriver, especially in the Cobb Valley. Low concentrations found in the upper Takaka River suggest that limestone weathering makes a minor contribution to concentrations of trace metals. The Cobb River exhibited much higher concentrations, implying that the differing compositions of rock types and soils within the separate catchments exercise important controls on trace metals.

A comparison of weathering process of andesitic UGMs in two quarries in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 122422
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Sangsefidi ◽  
Philippa Margaret Black ◽  
Doug James Wilson ◽  
Tam Joseph Larkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weathering Process

Geochemical processes in the Onyx River, Wright Valley, Antarctica: Major ions, nutrients, trace metals

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Green ◽  
Brian R. Stage ◽  
Adam Preston ◽  
Shannon Wagers ◽  
Joseph Shacat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Geochemical Processes

The Influence of Oceanic Air Masses on Concentration of Major Ions and Trace Metals in PM2.5 Fraction at a Coastal European Suburban Site

2014 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro ◽  
Isabel Turnes-Carou ◽  
Elia Alonso-Rodríguez ◽  
Carmen Moscoso-Pérez ◽  
Gustavo Blanco-Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Suburban Site

Spatial distribution and hydrochemistry of springs and seepage springs in the Lubuska Upland of western Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Szczucińska
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
River Valleys

The major part of the Polish Plain (central Europe) was shaped during the last glaciation and so far has been considered to be poor in groundwater outflows. The present study aimed to map the groundwater outflows and to analyse their water properties in the Lubuska Upland, western Polish Plain. The mapping of the groundwater outflows was supplemented by hydrochemical analyses (major ions and trace metals) of selected outflows. Altogether, approximately 600 groundwater outflows were recorded, of which 45% were springs. The outflow water discharges ranged from 0.001 to 45 L s−1. Most of them were located at the bottom of the slopes of river valleys. The water was neutral (pH 6.9 to 8.11), with electrical conductivity from 261 to 652 μS cm−1 and average temperature ~10 °C. The most common water type was dominated by bicarbonate, sulphates and calcium ions. The waters often exceeded the quality limits for total Fe and Mn2+. This study revealed that groundwater outflows are a common feature of the areas shaped by former glaciations and are most likely supplied by shallow aquifers.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainwater Chemistry in Ile-Ife and Its Environ, Osun State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderonke Adetutu Okoya ◽  
Bamikole Walter Osungbemiro ◽  
Temi E. Ologunorisa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainwater Chemistry ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The study of the chemical composition of rain water was conducted in Ile – Ife and environs, an agrarian, commercial, residential and semi-industrialised center of Osun state Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the impact of land use activities on rain water composition and the temporal variation of rainwater chemistry. Physico-chemical parameters such as Turbidity, pH, TDS, Conductivity, Oxygen parameters, Alkalinity, Acidity, Hardness and Major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3-, SO4-, HCO3-) were determined, predominant ions were identified. Turbidity, pH, Conductivity, TDS, D.O B.O.D, Alkalinity, Acidity Hardness ranged between 2.90 - 42.84 NTU, 5.65 - 7.40, 6.71 – 122.33 µScm-1, 4.10 –73.27 mg/L, 3.60 – 10.60 mg/L, 0.13 – 7.20 mg/L, 0.33 – 22.0 mg/L, 2.00 – 15.00 mg/L, 0.04 – 1.23 CaCO3mg/l respectively. The dominant ions detected in the study were HCO3-, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+. Generally, the mean concentration of ions as expressed in milli-equivalent per Litre showed order of dominance as HCO3- > NO3- > SO42- for the anions and Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ for cations. The study concluded that land use activities had influence on all the chemical composition of rain water in the study area but more on pH, alkalinity, acidity, bicarbonate. Except sulphate and Nitrate, all other parameters recorded high values in dry season.

PANDA, the French analytical platform dedicated to ice core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Darfeuil ◽  
Patrick Ginot ◽  
Joel Savarino ◽  
Nicolas Caillon ◽  
Xavier Faïn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Laser Spectrometry ◽  
O Isotopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Analysis System

<p>Since 2018, under the impetus of the IGE (Grenoble) and the LSCE (Saclay) and the common interest of the "Carottes de Glace France" consortium, an analytical platform dedicated to glacier archives was created to meet the growing analytical needs requested by projects involving French partners (Ice Memory, EAIIST, BE-OI ...) and international collaborations with a ten-year vision. Within this framework 5 modules have been developed between the IGE and the LSCE. 3 modules are installed at the IGE, including a CHEMISTRY module which includes a large number of instruments coupled to the CFA (Continuous Flow Analysis) system, allowing high-resolution multi tracer analysis on a single ice stick (water isotopes, dust, conductivity, colorimetry, black carbon, trace metals and gas) as well as several auto-samplers for discrete analyses (major ions, organic species, trace metals, sugars ...). The GAS module is shared between continuous analyses on the CFA system (laser spectrometry CH<sub>4</sub>/CO) and discrete analyses (Gas chromatography CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>). The ISOTOPY module allows the analysis of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) isotopes. At the LSCE, the WATER ISOTOPY module allows continuous (Picarro coupled to a CFA line equipped with conductivity cells and auto-sampler) or discrete (Picarro or mass spectrometer) analyses for δD, δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>17</sup>O in water. The AIR ISOTOPY module completes the platform for analyses by mass spectrometry of δ<sup>15</sup>N of N<sub>2</sub>, the triple isotopic composition of O<sub>2</sub> and noble gases isotopes (36/38/40 Ar; 82/84/86 Kr; 129-132 Xe). An overview of the capacity and performance of the platform will be presented.</p>

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