Chloride Accumulation as a Homeostatic System: Negative Feedback Signals for Concentration and Turgor Maintenance Differ in a Glycophyte and a Halophyte

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Cram
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Turgor Maintenance ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Homeostatic System ◽  
Chloride Accumulation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Carrot tissue is taken as a representative glycophilic tissue. It accumulates K+, Cl- and total osmotica to a steady level after 10-15 days. This level of Cl- is nearly constant and is independent of external KCl concentration and of turgor. Cl- influx is also independent of turgor. It therefore appears that the Cl- accumulating system in carrot (and possibly in other glycophytes) can, under artificial conditions, act as a homeostat for intracellular C- concentration, and is not the basis of turgor maintenance. It is suggested that turgor might be maintained by controlled accumulation of K+ carboxylates in glycophytes. Beet tissue is taken as a representative halophilic tissue. It accumulates K+, Cl-, and total osmotica to a steady level after about 4 days. At this stage turgor is constant, due to differences in the levels of KCl accumulated. Cl- influx is stimulated by reducing turgor after a lag of 3-5 h. The relationship of Cl- influx to turgor is non-linear. It therefore appears that in beet (and possibly in other halophytes) turgor maintenance is based on the turgor-sensitive accumulation of Cl- salts. Cl- influx in beet is also affected by changes in intracellular Cl- concentration, as in carrot. It is suggested that this feedback relationship may primarily be part of a system for the controlled uptake of nutrients rather than of Cl- in both tissues.

Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Pelt ◽  
Ph. H. Quanjer ◽  
M. E. Wise ◽  
E. van der Burg ◽  
R. van der Lende
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Construction System Brittleness Evaluation Based on Choquest Integral

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 638-643
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zi Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Cumulative Function ◽  
Water Conservancy ◽  
Hydropower Engineering ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Construction System

Water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system is a typical multi-level complex system and its swarm identity is apparent to brittleness cumulative effect. The brittle sources are interlinked and associated, thus there are topological forms of different brittle sources, which make the relationship of brittleness evaluation cumulative function to be non-linear. In traditional evaluation methods, indicators are usually assumed to be independent, which does not satisfy the non-linear characteristics of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system brittleness. Thus, in this paper, weak monotonic of fuzzy measure is used to replace the addition function, brittleness evaluation model of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system based on Choquest integral is built.

A note on the theoretical relation between the fractions of maturity of organs and of the whole animal

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Theoretical Relation ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Growth Of Animals ◽  
Q Function

ABSTRACTA general parabola constrained to pass through points (0,0) and (1,1) yields a linear one parameter (q) function which can be used to relate the fraction of maturity of organs or masses of tissue to the fraction of maturity of the whole animal. This is an empirical approach. It is often preferable to derive a function from a theory of the phenomenon under study. A theory of feeding and growth of animals is used to derive a non-linear one parameter (k) function which can be used to study the same data to which the linear q-function is applicable. The parameter, k is directly proportional to the fraction of total nutrients consumed by the animal which is allocated to the organ as the animal ages. If the fraction of nutrient allocated remains constant, the parameter k is constant and has the same properties as the parameter q. However there is nothing in the theory which constrains k to be constant, therefore, the q-function is of more general use than the q-function in the study of the relationship of the fraction of maturity of organs to that of the whole animal. Two cases are presented to illustrate this generality.

MECHANISM OF RELATIONSHIP OF SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMERS OF A CATERING ENTERPRISE WITH A SYSTEM OF PREMISES OF EMPLOYEES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
A. A. Lekomtsev ◽  
◽  
V.V. Pyankov ◽  
A.R. MAGASUMOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Bonus System ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to study customer satisfaction with one of the catering enterprises and to develop a mechanism for the relationship of enterprise customer satisfaction with the employee bonus system. One of the branches of the McDonald's food service chain in Perm was taken as an object of study. The topic discussed in the article is very important, since it is no secret that in modern market conditions a satisfied customer is the key to the prosperity of a catering enterprise. Negative feedback from customers is the result of staff deficiencies, and this is often due to the fact that they do not realize all responsibility and do not feel the consequences of poor performance of their duties. The mechanism proposed in the article will help to solve this problem.

Phonological events

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bird ◽  
Ewan Klein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Logical Inconsistency ◽  
Autosegmental Phonology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Overlap ◽  
Phonological Units

One of the major innovations within post-SPE generative phonology has been the development of frameworks where phonological units are organized in a non-linear fashion. Taking autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith, 1976) as our main exemplar of such frameworks, we wish to address the following question: What is the appropriate interpretation of autosegmental representations? There is, of course, a further question about what we mean by INTERPRETATION: formal, phonetic or computational interpretation? Although we will concentrate on the first of these, we believe that all three aspects should be regarded as closely inter-connected and mutually constraining. The question of interpreting autosegmental representation has in fact been recently posed by Sagey (1988), and we shall take her proposal as our starting point. While it is uncontroversial to suppose that the relationship between units on a given autosegmental tier is one of temporal precedence, Sagey claims that it is more problematic to pin down what is meant by association between tiers. She argues, cogently we believe, that if association is taken to be a relationship of simultaneity between durationless units, then standard analyses of complex segments and gemination lead to logical inconsistency. Instead, association should be taken as temporal OVERLAP between units with duration.

scholarly journals W Acana Sains Dalam Novel Supernova Episode Ksatria, Puteri, Dan Bintang Jatuh

ATAVISME ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Ida Nurul Chasanah
Keyword(s):  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is aimed to describe the stories of Supernova 1 to identify the fiction and non• fiction dialectics and also to represent science aspect in Supernova novel Episode Ksatria, Puteri, dan Bintang Jatuh (Supernova 1) through the relationship of intertextuality. We can find five stories in novel Supernova 1, they are the stories about Ruben-Dhimas, Ferre-Rana-Arwin, Diva, Supernova, and classic fairy tale knight, princess, and falling star. The dialectics between fiction and non-fiction in Supernova I are found through some indications, such as cover, tittle, scientific process of writing method in fiction such as the use of footnote, the insert of bibliography and index, and also preface, the dynamic of character, events arragernent that make plot, mentioning 'keping' to change chapter. Science aspect in Supernova 1 are not only a pacth but they are represented in text structure. The transformation of science elements in novel Supernova 1 are more affirmative with hypogram that is referred by some expansion. That science elements are astronomy, chaos theory (it covers Lorenz butterflies and fractal geometri), Schrodinger, co-evolution, and non-linear theories.

scholarly journals Exploring non-linear relationship between foreign ownership and firm performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3, special issue) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Neeraj Gupta ◽  
Tarun Agarwal ◽  
Bhagwan Jagwani
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
Institutional Shareholders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the impact of foreign ownership on the performance of Indian firms. Additionally, it also analyses the non-linear relationship of foreign ownership with firm performance. A panel data approach has been used in this study. Specifically, the fixed effect estimation technique is used to examine the relationship between foreign ownership and firm performance during the period 2009–2010 to 2018–2019. The foreign institutional shareholders and the foreign corporate bodies hold more shareholding than the foreign individual investors. The authors find that foreign institutional investors and foreign corporate bodies bear a positive relationship with the performance of Indian firms. Additionally, foreign ownership shows a non-linear relationship with firm performance. The results are robust across the various proxies of firm performance, and sub-samples based on foreign ownership

scholarly journals Non-linear Relationships Between Density and Demographic Traits of Aedes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan A. Sauers ◽  
Kelsey E. Hawes ◽  
Steven A. Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Understanding the relationship of population dynamics to density is central to many ecological investigations. Despite the importance of density-dependence in determining population growth, the empirical relationship between density and per capita growth remains understudied in most systems and is often assumed to be linear. In experimental studies of interspecific competition, investigators often evaluate the predicted outcomes by assuming such linear relationships, fitting linear functions, and estimating parameters of competition models. In this paper, we tested experimentally the shape of the relationship between estimated population rate of change and initial density using laboratory-reared populations of three mosquito species. We estimated per capita growth rate for these experimental populations over a thirty-fold range of larval densities at a standard resource abundance. We then compared fits of linear models and several different nonlinear models for the relationship of estimated rate of change and density. We find that that the relationship between density and per capita growth is strongly non-linear in all three mosquitoes. Components of population growth (survivorship, development time, adult size) are also nonlinearly related to initial density. The causes and consequences of this nonlinearity are likely to be important issues for population and community ecology.

scholarly journals Control of Non-Linear Systems using Fuzzy PI-PD Controller

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Pd Controller ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Controllers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Systems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper gives the relationship of control performance of various types of fuzzy controllers, fuzzy (PI-PD) controller, combination of fuzzy PI and PD controller and fuzzy PI-PD controller. The analytical structures of Fuzzy PI-PD controller is deciphered through triangular memebership functions by using mamdani row interference technique and zadeh fuzzy logic and center of gravity defuzzification method. In simulation the control performance of non linear systems for various controllers by taking triangular, Gaussian g bell, trapezoidal memebership functions

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