Resistance to Drought and Salinity: Avenues for Improvement

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Random Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
High Yield Potential

Various techniques for improving the resistance of plants to drought or salinity are discussed in relation to a notional spectrum ranging from rationality to random search. The rational end of the spectrum is exemplified by the control of phenology so that flowering occurs at an optimal time; the random end by wide crosses, such as that between wheat and Elytrigia, which give the remote hope that the high yield-potential of one will combine with the toughness of the other. Most of the techniques occupy the middle ground and involve selecting for characters whose protagonists have strong, but often poorly articulated, hunches that the characters will confer resistance to drought or salinity on the plants possessing them. For drought resistance of grain crops, the possible worth of many of these characters is discussed in relation to their likely impact on improving a crop's ability to (a) extract water from the soil, (b) produce dry matter given a limited water supply, and (c) convert dry matter into grain.

scholarly journals DRY MATTER AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION CURVE IN CABBAGE CROP

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
LUIZ OTÁVIO DUARTE ◽  
JUNIA MARIA CLEMENTE ◽  
ILÍDIO AUGUSTO BORGES CAIXETA ◽  
MARCELO DE PAULA SENOSKI ◽  
LEONARDO ANGELO DE AQUINO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Accumulation Curve ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
High Yield Potential

Abstract Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

Genotype by environment interactions of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in a cool temperate climate

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Pembleton ◽  
R. S. Smith ◽  
R. P. Rawnsley ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
A. W. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Activity Class ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
High Yield Potential

Genotype by environmental interactions in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) present considerable challenges when selecting an appropriate cultivar for a particular location and farming system. Data on the yield and persistence of a range of lucerne cultivars and experimental lines grown in two Tasmanian environments, Forth (41.20°S, 146.27°E, Red Ferrosol soil, under cutting with high fertiliser inputs, i.e. a high yield potential environment) and Cranbook (42.00°S, 148.03°E, Red Ferrosol soil, under grazing with low fertiliser inputs, i.e. a low yield potential environment) were examined using winter activity class as the experimental factor. At Forth, winter-dormant lucernes were the lowest yielding genotypes. In contrast, at Cranbrook, highly winter-active genotypes had lower plant persistence and dry matter yield than winter-dormant genotypes. Modified joint linear regression analysis showed that in a cool temperate climate, winter-dormant genotypes are more suited to a low yield potential environment, whereas highly winter-active genotypes are adapted to a high yield potential environment. Both the semi-winter-dormant and the winter-active genotypes were adapted to all environments. The dry matter yield of winter-dormant and highly winter-active genotypes was most sensitive to environmental conditions in winter and spring, while performance of all cultivars and experimental lines was most stable over summer.

Drought resistance of spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ganbaatar B ◽  
Batbold S
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Yield Potential

Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under drought stress. In order to select drought tolerant varieties of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the growing season 2014-2018. Eight drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DI) were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought years (Ys) and favorable years (Yp). Result of study showed significant positive correlation between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators STI, GMP, TOL, MP, and DI, accordingly they are discriminating drought tolerant genotypes at the same manner. Wheat varieties Darkhan-172, Darkhan-72, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70, Darkhan-181 has a high yield potential. Genotypes Darkhan-160, Arvin, Darkhan-144 most droughts tolerant and can be use in wheat breeding for improving drought resistance. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн сортуудыг ган тэсвэрийнүнэлэмжээр үнэлсэн дүнгээс Судалгаагаар манай оронд өргөн тариалагдаж байгаа өөрийн орны селекцээр гаргасан болон гадаадын нийт 20 сортонд ган тэсвэрийн индекс:стресс тэсвэрийн индекс (SТI), тэсвэрийн индекс (TOL),стресс мэдрэмжийн индекс (SSI), ган тэсвэрийн индекс (DI)-ээрүнэлгээ өгсөн. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн ургац ба ган тэсвэрийн индексүүдийн хооронд эерэг нягт хамааралыг тогтоосон. Чийгийн хангамж сайтай жилд потенциаль ургацаар буудайн эртийн болцтой Дархан-172, дунд-эртийн болцтой Дархан-72, Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарсан ба эдгээр сортуудыг селекцид хагас эрчимжсэн сорт гаргахад ашиглаж болно. Ган тэсвэр өндөртэй сортыг бий болгоходселекцид эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, дунд-эртийн болцтой Арвин, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-144 сортуудыг эх материалаар ашиглаж болно. Зусах буудайн Дархан-144 сорт нь гадаад орчны нөхцөлд дасан зохицох чадвар сайтай сортоор шалгарав. Түлхүүр үг: болц,сорт, ургац, стресс, индекс

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Basmati Rice as Affected by Planting Date in Boro Season

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana ◽  
A Zahan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Tall Plant ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in Boro season. BasmatiPNR, Basmati370, Basmati375 and Basmati-D were transplanted started from 10 December, and continued up to 25 January in the following year, at an interval of 15 days. Forty day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm × 15 cm, to find out the optimum planting time and to select the Basmati varieties having high yield potential. The tallness of plants, number of tillers and dry matter were increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the country, number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield and growth duration decreased as delayed planting dates. The short stature BasmatiPNR and tall plant of Basmati375 exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1 and heavier individual grain which contributed to increase grain yield. Thus, high yield potential varieties BasmatiPNR and Basmati375 to be planted in optimum time on 10 December, to obtain maximum grain yield of rice in Boro season.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v11i2.21594  Journal of Science Foundation, 2013;11(2):37-42

scholarly journals Yield potential and fruit quality of scallop squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. patissonina Greb. f. radiata Nois.) cultivars grown for processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kołota ◽  
Agnieszka Balbierz
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
High Yield Potential

Scallop squash fruits may be harvested at different stages of development. Small size fruits, intended both for the fresh market and the food industry, have the highest biological value. This study was conducted to determine the yield potential of scallop squash cultivars (‘Polo F1’, ‘Disco’, ‘Gagat’, ‘Okra’, ‘Sunny Delight F1’) grown on mulched (black polyethylene foil or black agrotextile) or unmulched soil, and harvested when fruits reached a diameter of 3–6 cm. Based on 3-year average data, the highest marketable and early yield was produced by ‘Sunny Delight F1’. This cultivar is also appreciated by consumers for its yellow colored skin of fruits. Another advantage of this cultivar was its high nutritional value expressed by the highest content of dry matter, vitamin C, polyphenols and minerals (K, P, Ca, Mg), with limited tendency to nitrate accumulation. Among the other cultivars tested, ‘Okra’ showed high yield potential, ‘Gagat’ was a rich source of carotenoids, and ‘Disco’ – polyphenols. Black polyethylene foil and black agrotextile appeared to be equally effective mulching materials. The benefit from the application of mulch was a significant increase in yield without any change in the chemical composition of the fruit.

scholarly journals Türkiye’de Yemeklik Tane Baklagiller Üretiminin Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybegün Ton ◽  
Tolga İbrahim Karaköy ◽  
Adem Emin Anlarsal
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
High Yield Potential

In Turkey, Chickpea is in the first rank in pulses and it is followed by lentil, bean and faba bean respectively. In the world, Turkey is one of the most important producer and exporting countries especially for chickpea and lentil. In recent years, Turkey’s chickpea and lentil production are in downvard trend. Our country has diverse ecological regions for growing many pulses species. Our production potential of pulses must be evaluated and a great importance must be given to the production of cultivars with high yield potential, quality and standart bigness seed. On the other hand, in Turkey, winter chickpea production in coastal region and winter lentil production in central Anatolion region must be widened. Pulses production must be done by using proper growing techniques. Sowing and harvesting should be done by machine. At the same time good war should be made against disease and insect for increasing yield potential of pulses. So, in Turkey, pulses plantation can be increased much more than nowdays.

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

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