Photosynthetic Activity of Leaves of Pinus radiata and Nothofagus fusca After 1 Year of Growth at Elevated CO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Hogan ◽  
D Whitehead ◽  
J Kallarackal ◽  
JG Buwalda ◽  
J Meekings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triose Phosphate Utilisation

Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) and red beech (Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst.) were grown for over 1 year at elevated (ELEV, 64 Pa) and ambient (AMB, 38 Pa) CO2 partial pressure in open-top chambers. Springtime measurements of overwintering leaves showed that light- and CO2-saturated photosynthetic rates (Amax) of pine leaves were similar for the two treatments (AMB: 6.7 � 1.08 μmol m-2 s-1, mean � 1 s.e.; ELEV: 6.6 � 0.47) but, for beech leaves, Amax was greater for AMB plants (8.8 � 0.90 μmol m-2 s-1) than for ELEV plants (6.10 � 0.71). Summertime measurements of leaves grown that spring showed that for pine, Amax was similar in the two CO2 treatments (AMB 14.9 μmol m-2 s-1 � 0.80; ELEV: 13.5 � 1.9) while, for beech, Amax was higher in AMB plants (21.0 � 1.1) than in ELEV plants (17.2 � 1.9), although the difference was not statistically significant. These results indicate downregulation of photosynthetic capacity of beech but not pine. Vcmax did not differ between treatments within species, suggesting that there was no acclimation of rubisco activity. Triose phosphate utilisation limitation may have contributed to the downregulation of Amax in beech. For pine, photosynthesis at treatment CO2 partial pressures was greater in ELEV plants in both spring and summer. For beech measured at treatment CO2 partial pressures, photosynthesis was greater in ELEV plants in summer, but was similar between treatments in the springtime.

Inhibition of CO2 Assimilation by Supraoptimal CO2: Effect of Light and Temperature

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Woo ◽  
SC Wong
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
O2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2

In cotton the rate of CO2 assimilation, at O2 partial pressures up to 200 mbar, increased to a maximum and then declined as the intercellular partial pressure of CO2 was increased. The specific intercellular partial pressure of CO2 at which rate of assimilation began to decline depended on the environmental conditions. At 19 mbar partial pressure of O2 the decline occurred at CO2 partial pressure >390 �bar. At 200 mbar partial pressure of O2 it occurred at CO2 partial pressure > 534 �bar. O2 increased the CO2 partial pressure required for inhibition but it did not appear to affect the steepness of the decline of rate of assimilation with further increase in partial pressure of CO2 once the decline became apparent. The decline was more readily observed at low temperature and low O2 partial pressure, and in plants grown at low light and NO3- levels. It was also observed in cowpea and sunflower. Changes in quantum efficiency in cotton at high and low CO2 concentrations were observed. At ambient CO2 concentration (300 �bar), the quantum yields measured at 19 and 200 mbar partial pressure of O2 were 0.072 � 0.0003 and 0.053 � 0.0060 mol CO2 per mol absorbed quanta, respectively. In contrast, at 900 �bar CO2 partial pressure the respective values were 0.050 � 0.0023 and 0.070 � 0.0006 mol CO2 per mol absorbed quanta. The nature of the inhibition of CO2 assimilation by high partial pressure of CO2 is discussed.

Corrigendum to: The relative limitation of photosynthesis by mesophyll conductance in co-occurring species in a temperate rainforest dominated by the conifer Dacrydium cupressinum

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Evan H. De Lucia ◽  
Michael J. Clearwater ◽  
David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2

The capacity to conduct CO2 from the intercellar spaces in leaves to the site of fixation (mesophyll conductance, gm) may pose a significant limitation to photosynthesis. Dacrydium cupressinum Sol. ex Lamb. (rimu), a native conifer of New Zealand, and other members of the Podocarpaceae evolved during the Jurassic when the partial pressure of CO2 exceeded 200 Pa. This species has low rates of photosynthesis and high levels of leaf nitrogen, which have led to the hypothesis that low gm restricts photosynthesis. Mesophyll conductance was estimated from gas-exchange and fluorescence measurements for this and other co-occurring tree species [Prumnopitys ferruginea D.�Don (miro), Weinmannia racemosa L.f. (kāmahi), Meterosideros umbellata Cav. (rata)]. Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) were included to provide comparisons with a rapidly growing tree and herbaceous plant with relatively high photosynthetic rates. Mesophyll conductance was not statistically different among indigenous tree species but was lowest for D. cupressinum. This species also had the lowest ratio of mesophyll to stomatal conductance, gm / gst and was the only species where the decline in partial pressure of CO2 was greater from the intercellular air space to the site of fixation (16.3 Pa) than between the bulk air and the intercellular spaces (8.8 Pa), providing support for the hypotheses that low gm limits photosynthesis in this species. As a group, conifers had marginally lower gm and gm / gst ratio than angiosperms, but this difference was strongly influenced by the high values for Phaseolus vulgaris. That co-occurring members of the Podocarpaceae operated differently suggests that low gm may reflect a response to evolutionary pressures other than high atmospheric CO2 partial pressure.

scholarly journals CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure and CO<sub>2</sub> emission along the lower Red River (Vietnam)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 4799-4814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Phuong Quynh Le ◽  
Cyril Marchand ◽  
Cuong Tu Ho ◽  
Nhu Da Le ◽  
Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
River System ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Red River ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hoa Binh

Abstract. The Red River (Vietnam) is representative of a south-east Asian river system, strongly affected by climate and human activities. This study aims to quantify the spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 partial pressure and CO2 emissions of the lower Red River system. Water quality monitoring and riverine pCO2 measurements were carried out for 24 h at five stations distributed along the lower Red River system during the dry and the wet seasons. The riverine pCO2 was supersaturated relative to the atmospheric equilibrium (400 ppm), averaging about 1589±43 ppm and resulting in a water–air CO2 flux of 530.3±16.9 mmol m−2 d−1 for the lower Red River. pCO2 and CO2 outgassing rates were characterized by significant spatial variation along this system, with the highest values measured at Hoa Binh station, located downstream of the Hoa Binh Dam, on the Da River. Seasonal pCO2 and CO2 outgassing rate variations were also observed, with higher values measured during the wet season at almost all sites. The higher river discharges, enhanced external inputs of organic matter from watersheds and direct inputs of CO2 from soils or wetland were responsible for higher pCO2 and CO2 outgassing rates. The difference in pCO2 between the daytime and the night-time was not significant, suggesting weak photosynthesis processes in the water column of the Red River due to its high sediment load.

Photoinhibition of Intact Attached Leaves of C4 Plants: Dependence on CO2 and O2 Partial Pressures

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
SB Powles ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
CB Osmond
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
O2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Substantial Inhibition ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Turn Over

Fully expanded intact attached leaves of Zea mays and other C4 plants illuminated at 2000 �E m-2 s-1 in CO2-free N2 containing 10 mbar O2 for a 3-h treatment period showed substantial inhibition of the capacity for both CO2-dependent and light-dependent CO2 assimilation. This photoinhibition was reflected at the chloroplast level as substantial inhibition of photosystem II activity of the mesophyll chloroplasts. Photoinhibition was largely insensitive to the O2 partial pressure maintained throughout the treatment period. This result suggests that internal CO2 generation by photorespiration with subsequent carbon cycling, or O2 uptake in a Mehler-type reaction are largely unable to alleviate photoinhibition. The extent of photoinhibition was, however, markedly affected by the CO2 partial pressure present throughout the treatment period. This result is consistent with the CO2-concentrating function of C4 photosynthesis, which allows substantial rates of CO2 assimilation even at low mesophyll CO2 partial pressures. Apparently, a certain level of CO2 turn- over is beneficial in providing a sink for photochemically generated energy, thereby maintaining the ability of illuminated leaves to transduce and dissipate light energy.

scholarly journals Variations in dark respiration and mitochondrial numbers within needles of Pinus radiata grown in ambient or elevated CO2 partial pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Griffin ◽  
O. R. Anderson ◽  
D. T. Tissue ◽  
M. H. Turnbull ◽  
D. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure

The Swimbladder of Deep-Sea Fish: The Swimbladder Wall is a Lipid-Rich Barrier to Oxygen Diffusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Wittenberg ◽  
D. E. Copeland ◽  
F R. L. Haedrich ◽  
J. S. Child
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant ◽  
Tissue Fluids ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Sea Fish

The swimbladder of teleost fishes is a gas-filled sac which serves primarily to make the fish neutrally buoyant in sea water, but occasionally assumes other functions. The gas contained in the swimbladder is largely oxygen, at a pressure very close to the external hydrostatic pressure. The difference in gas partial pressure between the gaseous contents of the swimbladder and the blood and tissue fluids is large in fishes living at any considerable depth, for the hydrostatic pressure increases about 1 atm with each 10 m depth, while the partial pressures of gases in sea water and body fluids are relatively independent of depth and together give a pressure of only about 1 atm. The difference in partial pressure of oxygen alone across the wall of the swimbladder of a fish living at 3000 m depth is close to 300 atm.

scholarly journals Ease of Access to An Alternative Food Source Enables Wallabies to Strip Bark in Tasmanian Pinus radiata Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna H. Smith ◽  
David A. Ratkowsky ◽  
Timothy J. Wardlaw ◽  
Caroline L. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Food Source

Bark stripping by the Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus (Desmarest) subsp. rufogriseus) from the lower stems of 3–6-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) causes significant damage in Tasmanian plantations. The usual diet of this generalist herbivore is mainly grasses and broadleaved forbs. As the factors that attract a wallaby to supplement its diet by eating the bark of plantation pine trees are currently not elucidated, the present study aimed to determine how the incidence and severity of bark damage in 12 Tasmanian radiata pine plantations was influenced by various inter-site factors such as the floristic composition of the surrounding forest, and by various intra-site factors such as the height and circumference of individual trees, the number of branches in the first two whorls at the base of the tree, and their internode lengths. It was found that the greater the percentages of bare ground, bracken, and moss present in the five plots at each site, and the greater the percentage of grass, the wallaby’s main food source, the greater the likelihood of bark stripping. The difference between the mean minimum soil and air temperatures in spring, a driving force for carbohydrate production that occurs with tree growth in spring or early summer, was the only meteorological observation at the sites that was found to be significantly related to the extent of bark stripping.

The relative limitation of photosynthesis by mesophyll conductance in co-occurring species in a temperate rainforest dominated by the conifer Dacrydium cupressinum

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan H. De Lucia ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
Michael J. Clearwater
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2

The capacity to conduct CO2 from the intercellar spaces in leaves to the site of fixation (mesophyll conductance, gm) may pose a significant limitation to photosynthesis. Dacrydium cupressinum Sol. ex Lamb. (rimu), a native conifer of New Zealand, and other members of the Podocarpaceae evolved during the Jurassic when the partial pressure of CO2 exceeded 200 Pa. This species has low rates of photosynthesis and high levels of leaf nitrogen, which have led to the hypothesis that low gm restricts photosynthesis. Mesophyll conductance was estimated from gas-exchange and fluorescence measurements for this and other co-occurring tree species [Prumnopitys ferruginea D.�Don (miro), Weinmannia racemosa L.f. (kāmahi), Meterosideros umbellata Cav. (rata)]. Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) were included to provide comparisons with a rapidly growing tree and herbaceous plant with relatively high photosynthetic rates. Mesophyll conductance was not statistically different among indigenous tree species but was lowest for D. cupressinum. This species also had the lowest ratio of mesophyll to stomatal conductance, gm / gst and was the only species where the decline in partial pressure of CO2 was greater from the intercellular air space to the site of fixation (16.3 Pa) than between the bulk air and the intercellular spaces (8.8 Pa), providing support for the hypotheses that low gm limits photosynthesis in this species. As a group, conifers had marginally lower gm and gm / gst ratio than angiosperms, but this difference was strongly influenced by the high values for Phaseolus vulgaris. That co-occurring members of the Podocarpaceae operated differently suggests that low gm may reflect a response to evolutionary pressures other than high atmospheric CO2 partial pressure.

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