Changes in Mood during Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. O'Halloran ◽  
Robert J. Kirkby ◽  
Kate E. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in mood during exercise. Twenty recreational runners were administered the instrument, Profile of Mood States, at 5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes during a 40-minute treadmill run. Half of the sample ran at 65% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and half ran at 85% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. An additional 10 runners were assessed during an equivalent period of quiet reading. Analysis by a series of 2-way Repeated Measures ANOVAs with post hoc tests revealed that mood did not change during the condition in which participants ran at 65% of their maximum heart rate. During the run conducted at 85% of maximum heart rate, levels of fatigue were significantly higher, relative to prerun levels, by 15 minutes into the run and remained elevated at each of the subsequent assessment points (at 25 and 35 minutes and 10 minutes following the run). No alterations in mood were reported during the control condition. It was also noteworthy that mood was generally more negative at the assessment designed to familiarise participants with the testing procedure than it was at the later precondition (baseline) assessment. The present findings supported reports linking negative mood with demanding physical activity and emphasised the importance of using a familiarisation assessment of mood prior to preexercise measures.

Psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music: a pilot study

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Chlan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ventilated Patients

BACKGROUND: Although mechanically ventilated patients experience numerous stressors, they have not been included in music therapy stress reduction and relaxation studies. OBJECTIVE: To examine selected psychophysiologic responses of mechanically ventilated patients to music. METHODS: A two-group experimental design with pretest, posttest, and repeated measures was used. Twenty mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to a music-listening group or a nonmusic (headphones only) group. Physiologic dependent measures--heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and airway pressure--were collected at timed intervals. Psychologic data were collected before and after intervention using the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Using repeated measures analysis of variance, results for heart rate and respiratory rate over time and over time between groups were significant. Between-group differences were significant for respiratory rate. Significant differences were found via t test for the music group's Profile of Mood States scores. No adverse cardiovascular responses were noted for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicated that music listening decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, and Profile of Mood States scores, indicating relaxation and mood improvement.

Profile of Mood States: Australian Normative Data

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Moore ◽  
Robb Stanley ◽  
Graham Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Negative Mood States

The Profile of Mood States was administered to 90 Australian women, 30 depressed, 30 anxious, and 30 nonpsychiatric controls. Both clinical groups scored higher than the McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman (1971) normative samples on the negative mood states and scored lower on Vigor. The means for these groups are presented and compared with the 1971 normative data of McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman.

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112097233
Author(s):  
Richard J Xia ◽  
Thomas Chao ◽  
Divya Patel ◽  
Gillinder Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Stress Responding

Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Responses of Custody Assistant Recruits during Circuit Training Sessions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8177
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Moreno ◽  
Karly A. Rodas ◽  
Ashley M. Bloodgood ◽  
J. Jay Dawes ◽  
Joseph M. Dulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

This study captured heart rate (HR) responses of custody assistant (CA) recruits undertaking circuit training sessions. Data from 10 male and 12 female CA recruits were analyzed. Based on YMCA step test recovery HR, recruits were divided into higher fitness (HF; top 25%), lower fitness (LF; bottom 25%), and moderate fitness (MF; remaining recruits) groups. HR was measured during two circuit training sessions featuring calisthenics and running. HR zones were defined as: very light (<57% of age-predicted maximum heart-rate [HRmax]); light (57–63% HRmax); moderate (64–76% HRmax); vigorous (77–95% HRmax); and very vigorous (>95% HRmax). A one-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post hoc, calculated between-group differences in time spent, and percentage of total time, in the HR zones. In session one, the LF group spent less time in the light training zone compared to the MF group, and more time in the very vigorous zone compared to the HF group (p = 0.027–0.047). In session two, the LF group spent more time in the moderate zone compared to both groups, and a greater percentage of time in the very vigorous zone compared to the MF group (p = 0.002–0.004). LF recruits generally worked harder during circuit training than their fitter counterparts, which supported recommendations for ability-based modifications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clinical Pilates on Functional Movement in Recreational Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laws ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Cassie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractBiomechanical imbalances and inefficient functional movements are considered contributing factors to running-related injuries. Clinical Pilates uses a series of exercises focused on retraining normal movement patterns. This study investigated whether a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates improves functional movement and thereby, potentially, reduces the risk of running-related injuries associated with movement dysfunction. A modified functional movement screen was used to analyze the functional movement ability of forty runners. Forty participants completed a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates delivered by a Clinical Pilates instructor. The movement screen was carried out 3 times for each runner: 6 weeks pre-intervention (baseline), within one week pre-intervention (pre) and within one week post-intervention (post). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post-hoc tests found significant increases in scores between baseline and post (mean±SD; 13.4±2.4 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01) and pre and post (mean±SD; 13.5±2.5 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01), but no significant difference between baseline and pre (p=0.3). A 6-week course of Clinical Pilates significantly improves functional movement in recreational runners, and this may lead to a reduction in the risk of running-related injuries.

scholarly journals Effects of Single Bouts of Walking Exercise and Yoga on Acute Mood Symptoms in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipek Ensari ◽  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Walking Exercise

Background: Little is known about the acute or immediate effects of walking exercise and yoga on mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Such an examination is important for identifying an exercise modality for inclusion in exercise-training interventions that yields mood benefits in MS. We examined the effects of single bouts of treadmill walking and yoga compared with a quiet, seated-rest control condition on acute mood symptoms in MS. Methods: Twenty-four participants with MS completed 20 minutes of treadmill walking, yoga, or quiet rest in a randomized, counterbalanced order with 1 week between sessions. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire before and immediately after each condition. Total mood disturbance (TMD) and the six subscales of the Profile of Mood States were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired-samples t tests. Results: There was a significant condition × time interaction on TMD scores (ηp2 = 0.13). Walking and yoga conditions yielded comparable reductions in TMD scores. There was a significant condition × time interaction on vigor (ηp2 = 0.23) whereby walking but not yoga yielded an improvement in vigor. There was a significant main effect of time on anger, confusion, depression, and tension (P &lt; .05) but not on fatigue. Conclusions: Walking and yoga yielded similar improvements in overall acute mood symptoms, and walking improved feelings of vigor. These effects should be further investigated in long-term exercise-training studies.

scholarly journals Caffeine effects on velocity selection and physiological responses during RPE production

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Green ◽  
Alyssa Olenick ◽  
Caroline Eastep ◽  
Lee Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Velocity Selection

Caffeine (CAF) blunts estimated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) but the effects on RPE production are unclear. This study examined effects of acute caffeine ingestion during treadmill exercise where participants exercised at prescribed RPE 4 and 7. Recreational runners (maximal oxygen consumption = 51.4 ± 9.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) (n = 16) completed a maximal treadmill test followed by trials where they selected treadmill velocity (VEL) (1% grade) to produce RPE 4 and RPE 7 (10 min each). RPE production trials followed CAF (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo (PLA) (counterbalanced) ingestion. Participants were blinded to treadmill VEL but the Omni RPE scale was in full view. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a main effect (trial) for VEL (CAF ∼5 m·min−1 faster) for RPE 4 (p = 0.07) and RPE 7 (p = 0.03). Mean heart rate and oxygen consumption responses were consistently higher for CAF but failed to reach statistical significance. Individual responses to CAF were labeled positive using a criterion of 13.4 m·min−1 faster for CAF (vs. PLA). Ten of 32 trials (31%) were positive responses. In these, systematic increases were observed for heart rate (∼12 beats·min−1) and oxygen consumption (∼5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1). Blunted/stable respiratory exchange ratio values at higher VEL for positive responders suggest increased free fatty acid reliance during CAF. In conlusion, mean results show a mild effect of CAF during RPE production. However, individual responses more clearly indicate whether a true effect is possible. Trainers and individuals should consider individual responses to ensure effectively intensity regulation.

Can the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test Reflect Overreaching in Professional Cyclists?

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieselot Decroix ◽  
Robert P. Lamberts ◽  
Romain Meeusen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Training Camp

Context: The Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT) consists of 3 stages during which cyclists cycle for 6 min at 60%, 6 min at 80%, and 3 min at 90% of their maximal heart rate, followed by 1-min recovery. Purpose: To determine if the LSCT is able to reflect a state of functional overreaching in professional female cyclists during an 8-d training camp and the following recovery days. Methods: Six professional female cyclists performed an LSCT on days 1, 5, and 8 of the training camp and 3 d after the training camp. During each stage of the LSCT, power output and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined. Training diaries and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were also completed. Results: At the middle and the end of the training camp, increased power output during the 2nd and 3rd stages of the LSCT was accompanied with increased RPE during these stages and/or the inability to reach 90% of maximal heart rate. All athletes reported increased feelings of fatigue and muscle soreness, while changes in energy balance, calculated from the POMS, were less indicative of a state of overreaching. After 3 d of recovery, all parameters of the LSCT returned to baseline, indicating a state of functional overreaching during the training camp. Conclusion: The LSCT is able to reflect a state of overreaching in elite professional female cyclists during an 8-d training camp and the following recovery days.

Higher Fat Oxidation in Running Than Cycling at the Same Exercise Intensities

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Capostagno ◽  
Andrew Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Maximum Workload

This study examined the differences in fat and carbohydrate oxidation during running and cycling at the same relative exercise intensities, with intensity determined in a number of ways. Specifically, exercise intensity was expressed as a percentage of maximum workload (WLmax), maximum oxygen uptake (%VO2max), and maximum heart rate (%HRmax) and as rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Ten male triathletes performed maximal running and cycling trials and subsequently exercised at 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, and 80% of their WLmax. VO2, HR, RPE, and plasma lactate concentrations were measured during all submaximal trials. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation were calculated from VO2 and VCO2 data. A 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to determine any statistically significant differences between exercise modes. Fat oxidation was shown to be significantly higher in running than in cycling at the same relative intensities expressed as either %WLmax or %VO2max. Neither were there any significant differences in VO2max and HRmax between the 2 exercise modes, nor in submaximal VO2 or RPE between the exercise modes at the same %WLmax. However, heart rate and plasma lactate concentrations were significantly higher when cycling at 60% and 65% and 65–80%WLmax, respectively. In conclusion, fat oxidation is significantly higher during running than during cycling at the same relative intensity expressed as either %WLmax or %VO2max.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document