Effects on differentiation of reproductive organs and sexual behaviour in Japanese quail by excessive embryonic ERα activation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mattsson ◽  
Björn Brunström
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

Exposure of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos to oestrogenic substances disrupts sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract of both sexes and impairs the copulatory behaviour of the adult male. To examine whether these effects can be induced by selective activation of oestrogen receptor α (ERα), Japanese quail eggs were injected with various doses of the selective ERα agonist 16α-lactone-oestradiol (16α-LE2). The natural oestrogen 17β-oestradiol (E2) was used as a positive control. Both 16α-LE2 and E2 induced formation of an ovary-like cortex in the left testis (ovotestis) and reduced the size of the right testis in male embryos. The asymmetry in testis size remained in sexually mature males. Both substances induced retention and malformation of the Müllerian ducts in embryos of both sexes and malformed oviducts in juveniles. Male copulatory behaviour was suppressed by embryonic exposure to E2 and the highest dose of 16α-LE2. However, the lower dose of 16α-LE2, which markedly affected development of the reproductive organs, was without effects on behaviour. It can therefore not be excluded that the behavioural demasculinisation at the 100-fold higher dose involved cross-activation of oestrogen receptor β (ERβ). In conclusion, our results suggest that oestrogen-induced disruption of reproductive organ development in Japanese quail can be mediated via ERα, whereas the role of ERα in demasculinisation of copulatory behaviour remains to be clarified.

scholarly journals Morphometrical study of the reproductive tract in Boran (Bos indicus) heifers in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sayid Ali ◽  
Tamrat Degefa ◽  
Alemayehu Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Boran breed is the most suitable type of cattle breed for arid and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia due to their adaptive characteristics.  Understanding their reproductive anatomy is important for successful reproductive management and has many implications for the application of assisted reproductive technology, and interpretation of physiological changes at different stages of their reproductive cycle. In this study, data of the anatomical structures of the reproductive organs of 20 Boran heifers were measured and characterized at  different stages of reproduction. The mean (±SE) length (L) of the vagina, cervix, and body of uterus were 13.17±2.98 cm, 7.19±1.28 cm, and 6.70±1.08cm, respectively. The mean (±SE) length of the right uterine horn and oviduct was 18.47 ±2.54 and 18.17 ±1.27cm, respectively  and that of the left were 18.05±2.73 and 17.45±1.80 cm, respectively. The mean ±SE weight (W) of right and left ovaries were 2.44±1.51 gm and 2.44±1.51 gm, respectively. The mean ±SE Length x Width x Thickness of the right ovary was 2.10±0.59 x 1.75±0.35 x 0.83±0.36 and that of the left was 1.97±0.41 x 1.58±0.29 x 0.67±0.33 cm. The mean (±SE) weight of the whole reproductive organ (without the vulva) was 301.35±66.34gm. The ovarian size was influenced by the presence of the corpus luteum(CL) usually larger with its presence.

scholarly journals PSX-5 Reproductive organ weights, morphology and sperm reserves in intact and short scrotum post-pubertal male dairy sheep lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-467
Author(s):  
Stephan Wildeus ◽  
Susan Schoenian ◽  
D Philip Sponenberg ◽  
Mary Beth Bennett ◽  
Dahlia O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tubule Diameter ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Abstract This study evaluated the use of short-scrotum castration to create sterile ram lambs. East Friesian x Lacaune male lambs born in February on a commercial sheep dairy were left intact (n = 19; IN) or rendered short-scrotum (n = 17; SS) within 10 d of birth. At 3 mo of age lambs were transferred to the study site and grazed as one group, while being supplemented with a grain mixture at 0.7 kg/d. Lambs were harvested at 6 mo of age, and reproductive tract of 5 IN and 5 SS lambs collected at random and shipped cold overnight for processing. Testis and epididymis were weighed. Segments of the left testis and epididymis were processed for histology, while a subsample of testicular parenchyma and epididymal segments of the right side were used to determine sperm reserves by tissue homogenization. Differences between testis types were determined using GLM of SAS. Testes and epididymal weights were reduced (P < 0.001) in SS (115 and 22 g) compared to IN (364 and 50 g) lambs. Seminiferous tubule diameter was also smaller (P < 0.001) in SS (142 µm) than IN (234 µm) lambs. Daily sperm production per gram testicular parenchyma (DSPG) was not different between types (3.8 vs. 2.3 million sperm/g; P = 0.06), but total daily sperm production was lower (P < 0.01) in SS (0.23 billion) than IN (1.34 billion) ram lambs. Considerable variation was noted in DSPG in IN lambs suggesting still incomplete development at this age, and accounting for the lack of a significant difference. Epididymal sperm reserves were markedly reduced (P < 0.001) in SS (0.1 billion) compared to IN (10.5 billion), and decreased along the epididymis, supported by evidence of phagocytic action by the epididymal epithelium. Data suggest that ram lambs rendered short-scrotum shortly after birth develop smaller testes with reduced sperm production, making them effectively infertile.

scholarly journals Asymmetries in reproductive anatomy: insights from promiscuous songbirds

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-582
Author(s):  
Sara Calhim ◽  
Stephen Pruett-Jones ◽  
Michael S Webster ◽  
Melissah Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Malurus Melanocephalus ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
The Right

Abstract Directional asymmetry in gonad size is commonly observed in vertebrates and is particularly pronounced in birds, where the left testis is frequently larger than the right. The adaptive significance of directional asymmetry in testis size is poorly understood, and whether it extends beyond the testes (i.e. side-correspondent asymmetry along the reproductive tract) has rarely been considered. Using the Maluridae, a songbird family exhibiting variation in levels of sperm competition and directional testis asymmetry, yet similar in ecology and life history, we investigated the relative roles of side-correspondence and sperm competition on male reproductive tract asymmetry at both inter- and intraspecific levels. We found some evidence for side-correspondent asymmetry. Additionally, sperm competition influenced directional asymmetry at each end of the reproductive tract: species experiencing higher levels of sperm competition had a relatively larger right testis and relatively more sperm in the right seminal glomerus. Within red-backed fairy-wrens (Malurus melanocephalus), auxiliary males had relatively more sperm in the left seminal glomerus, in contrast to a right-bias asymmetry throughout the reproductive tract in breeding males. Given that the number of sperm is important for competitive fertilization success, our results suggest that sperm competition shapes reproductive asymmetries beyond testis size, with likely functional consequences for male reproductive success.

Reproduction in the Female White-Striped Mastiff Bat, Tadarida australis (Gray) (Molossidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Kitchener ◽  
CJ Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reproductive Phases

The reproductive cycle of female T, australis is outlined from examination of reproductive organs in situ and from histological techniques on museum specimens collected in Australia, south of latitude 22�S., over the last 88 years. Features of the reproductive tract and ovaries during important repro- ductive phases are described. There is a marked asymmetry of the reproductive organs, only the right ovary and uterine horn being functional. T. australis is monoestrous; there is no indication of marked differences in the timing of reproductive phases between regional populations. A single, deeply embed- ded corpus luteum occupies up to 60% of the ovary and degenerates at about the time of parturition. Apparently, most females, including young of the year, become pregnant each year, and give birth to a single young, usually between mid-December and late January, although occasionally as late as the end of February. Most young are weaned by early May. There is a short anoestrus, which is probably restricted to early lactating females, followed by a relatively long pro-oestrus. Copulation, ovulation and fertilization occur around late August. There is no evidence of hibernation.

scholarly journals ANATOMI DAN GAMBARAN ULTRASOUND ORGAN REPRODUKSI SELAMA SIKLUS ESTRUS PADA KUDA GAYO BETINA (Anatomy and Ultrasound Imaging of Reproductive Organs of Gayo Mares During Estrous Cycle)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Juli Melia ◽  
Muhammad Agil ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Amrozi Amrozi
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Right

The present study examines anatomy of Gayo mare reproductive organs. This study used three sample of Gayo mare reproductive organs (n= 3) for observation of morphology and morphometric of the mare reproductive organs. The ovarium was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution then followed by histological method and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichome (MT). Three mares were observed for diameter and changes overview of uterus during estrous cycle in real time using ultrasound. The results showed that, in general, the anatomy of Gayo mare’s reproductive organs was similar to other mares, but smaller in morphometry. The total length of the Gayo mare’s reproductive tract from labia to apex cornua was 48.00±1.00 cm. Weight of Gayo mare’s left ovary was 19.07±7.70 g and the right was 24.43±0.83 g. Histologically, there was no difference between Gayo mare’s structure and other mares. In cortex uteri there were some follicles surrounded by capillary, various development stages of follicles, healthy follicles, atretic follicle, and corpus albican; while in medulla there were a lot of connective tissues. Ultrasound of the uterus showed the change in diameter during estrous cycle with the largest diameter of corpus uteri was 4.43±0.10 cm in horses with estrous cycle of 21 days and 6.30±0.93 cm in horses with 24 days estrous cycle. In conclusion, the morphometry of Gayo mare reproductive organs are smaller than the other horses and there are differences in diameter of the uterus during the estrous cycle due to the changes of endometrium thickness.

scholarly journals Differential distribution of oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNAs in the female reproductive organ of rats as revealed by in situ hybridization

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
CN Mowa ◽  
T Iwanaga
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Female Reproductive Organ ◽  
Significant Expression

The cellular distribution of two oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs, was studied in the entire female reproductive organ of the rat using in situ hybridization. Expression of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs was predominant in the reproductive tract and ovary respectively. ERalpha mRNA had the most pronounced expression in epithelial cells and subepithelial stromal cells from the oviduct to the vagina, while in the ovary it was moderately detected in only the theca folliculi and interstitial glands. The oviduct showed a region-dependent expression of ERalpha mRNA: the isthmus had the most intense signals while the infundibulum revealed a low intensity of expression. Signals for ERbeta mRNA in the ovary were most intense in the granulosa cells of healthy follicles, whereas degenerating follicles lacked any significant expression. Less intense signals for ERbeta mRNA were localized in the theca folliculi and corpus luteum. Detectable levels of ERbeta mRNA were observed in the subepithelial stromal cells from the oviduct to the vagina. This study shows that the two ER subtypes are differentially expressed in cells and compartments of the reproductive organ, suggesting that the mediation of oestrogen action in these tissues may be accomplished through the respective predominant receptor.

scholarly journals Developmental changes of the oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNAs in the female reproductive organ of the rat--an analysis by in situ hybridization

2000 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
CN Mowa ◽  
T Iwanaga
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Female Reproductive Organ ◽  
Er Alpha

This study employed an in situ hybridization technique to compare the cellular expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER alpha and beta, in the female reproductive organ of the rat during prenatal and postnatal periods. Diffuse signals of ER alpha and beta mRNAs were co-expressed in the foetal ovary; they were weak and inconsistent before onset of gonadal differentiation, but increased in intensity with age. ER beta mRNA signals in the ovary sharply increased in intensity to adult levels by postnatal days 6-7, whereas those of ER alpha mRNA remained unchanged after birth. ER alpha was the sole subtype expressed during the prenatal period from the oviduct to the vagina, being localized mainly to the sub-epithelial stromal cells, and remained predominant thereafter. Signals for ER alpha mRNA in the epithelia were confined to the oviduct during prenatal and early postnatal periods; those in uterine and vaginal epithelia first appeared by postnatal days 4-5 and 6 respectively. Expressions of ER beta mRNA in the reproductive tract were absent during the prenatal period, and were weakly expressed during the postnatal period. Thus, oestrogen action in the developing ovary may be co-mediated by both ER alpha and beta, whereas ER alpha may be the primary mediator in the differentiation and growth of the female reproductive tract.

scholarly journals Primary Testicular Failure with Unilateral Cryptorchidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ricardo Silalahi ◽  
Tjahjo Djojo Tanojo ◽  
Reny I'tishom
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Testicular Failure ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Primary Testicular Failure (PTF) in men with unilateral cryptorchidism is a rare case, which might be the first time reported. Case: A 34-year-old man came with infertility and azoospermia. Signs of secondary sex found. FSH levels: 60.68 mIU / ml, LH levels: 15.96 mIU / ml, T levels: 336.14 ng / dl, E2 levels: 27.81 ng / dl. Ultrasound showed the left testis in the left inguinal +/- 2,4x1,1x3,6 cm in size, with decrease vascularization; +/- 4.1 cm from the base of the penis. The right testis size +/- 2,8x1,1x2,2 cm in the right scrotum accompanied by spermatocele. The patient was referred to the Urology department for orchidopexy of the left testis in the inguinal. Discussion: Primary testicular failure, in this case, may occur due to idiopathic but does not rule out the mosaic type of Klinefelter syndrome. The patient has unilateral cryptorchidism for 20 years, there will be a risk of testicular cancer. Management of cryptorchidism must be performed orchidopexy the first year after birth. After orchidopexy, monitoring is needed every year until at least 5 years. Conclusion: PTF occurs when the parenchymal tissue contained in the testes is no longer able to produce sperm or testosterone. PTF diagnosis is only possible through pathology and testicular cytology, but the combination of FSH and Inhibin B examination remains the best recommendation as a biomarker for patients with PTF.

scholarly journals Bisphenol AF and Bisphenol F Induce Similar Feminizing Effects in Chicken Embryo Testis as Bisphenol A

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Anna Mentor ◽  
Mimmi Wänn ◽  
Björn Brunström ◽  
Maria Jönsson ◽  
Anna Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Bisphenol Af ◽  
Somatic Index

Abstract The plastic component bisphenol A (BPA) impairs reproductive organ development in various experimental animal species. In birds, effects are similar to those caused by other xenoestrogens. Because of its endocrine disrupting activity, BPA is being substituted with other bisphenols in many applications. Using the chicken embryo model, we explored whether the BPA alternatives bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) can induce effects on reproductive organ development similar to those induced by BPA. Embryos were exposed in ovo from embryonic day 4 (E4) to vehicle, BPAF at 2.1, 21, 210, and 520 nmol/g egg, or to BPA, BPF, or BPS at 210 nmol/g egg and were dissected on embryonic day 19. Similar to BPA, BPAF and BPF induced testis feminization, manifested as eg testis-size asymmetry and ovarian-like cortex in the left testis. In the BPS-group, too few males were alive on day 19 to evaluate any effects on testis development. We found no effects by any treatment on ovaries or Müllerian ducts. BPAF and BPS increased the gallbladder-somatic index and BPAF, BPF and BPS caused increased embryo mortality. The overall lowest-observed-adverse-effect level for BPAF was 210 nmol/g egg based on increased mortality, increased gallbladder-somatic index, and various signs of testis feminization. This study demonstrates that the BPA replacements BPAF, BPF, and BPS are embryotoxic and suggests that BPAF is at least as potent as BPA in inducing estrogen-like effects in chicken embryos. Our results support the notion that these bisphenols are not safe alternatives to BPA.

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