scholarly journals Morphometrical study of the reproductive tract in Boran (Bos indicus) heifers in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sayid Ali ◽  
Tamrat Degefa ◽  
Alemayehu Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Boran breed is the most suitable type of cattle breed for arid and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia due to their adaptive characteristics.  Understanding their reproductive anatomy is important for successful reproductive management and has many implications for the application of assisted reproductive technology, and interpretation of physiological changes at different stages of their reproductive cycle. In this study, data of the anatomical structures of the reproductive organs of 20 Boran heifers were measured and characterized at  different stages of reproduction. The mean (±SE) length (L) of the vagina, cervix, and body of uterus were 13.17±2.98 cm, 7.19±1.28 cm, and 6.70±1.08cm, respectively. The mean (±SE) length of the right uterine horn and oviduct was 18.47 ±2.54 and 18.17 ±1.27cm, respectively  and that of the left were 18.05±2.73 and 17.45±1.80 cm, respectively. The mean ±SE weight (W) of right and left ovaries were 2.44±1.51 gm and 2.44±1.51 gm, respectively. The mean ±SE Length x Width x Thickness of the right ovary was 2.10±0.59 x 1.75±0.35 x 0.83±0.36 and that of the left was 1.97±0.41 x 1.58±0.29 x 0.67±0.33 cm. The mean (±SE) weight of the whole reproductive organ (without the vulva) was 301.35±66.34gm. The ovarian size was influenced by the presence of the corpus luteum(CL) usually larger with its presence.

Effects on differentiation of reproductive organs and sexual behaviour in Japanese quail by excessive embryonic ERα activation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mattsson ◽  
Björn Brunström
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Copulatory Behaviour

Exposure of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos to oestrogenic substances disrupts sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract of both sexes and impairs the copulatory behaviour of the adult male. To examine whether these effects can be induced by selective activation of oestrogen receptor α (ERα), Japanese quail eggs were injected with various doses of the selective ERα agonist 16α-lactone-oestradiol (16α-LE2). The natural oestrogen 17β-oestradiol (E2) was used as a positive control. Both 16α-LE2 and E2 induced formation of an ovary-like cortex in the left testis (ovotestis) and reduced the size of the right testis in male embryos. The asymmetry in testis size remained in sexually mature males. Both substances induced retention and malformation of the Müllerian ducts in embryos of both sexes and malformed oviducts in juveniles. Male copulatory behaviour was suppressed by embryonic exposure to E2 and the highest dose of 16α-LE2. However, the lower dose of 16α-LE2, which markedly affected development of the reproductive organs, was without effects on behaviour. It can therefore not be excluded that the behavioural demasculinisation at the 100-fold higher dose involved cross-activation of oestrogen receptor β (ERβ). In conclusion, our results suggest that oestrogen-induced disruption of reproductive organ development in Japanese quail can be mediated via ERα, whereas the role of ERα in demasculinisation of copulatory behaviour remains to be clarified.

Reproduction in the Female White-Striped Mastiff Bat, Tadarida australis (Gray) (Molossidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Kitchener ◽  
CJ Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reproductive Phases

The reproductive cycle of female T, australis is outlined from examination of reproductive organs in situ and from histological techniques on museum specimens collected in Australia, south of latitude 22�S., over the last 88 years. Features of the reproductive tract and ovaries during important repro- ductive phases are described. There is a marked asymmetry of the reproductive organs, only the right ovary and uterine horn being functional. T. australis is monoestrous; there is no indication of marked differences in the timing of reproductive phases between regional populations. A single, deeply embed- ded corpus luteum occupies up to 60% of the ovary and degenerates at about the time of parturition. Apparently, most females, including young of the year, become pregnant each year, and give birth to a single young, usually between mid-December and late January, although occasionally as late as the end of February. Most young are weaned by early May. There is a short anoestrus, which is probably restricted to early lactating females, followed by a relatively long pro-oestrus. Copulation, ovulation and fertilization occur around late August. There is no evidence of hibernation.

scholarly journals ANATOMI DAN GAMBARAN ULTRASOUND ORGAN REPRODUKSI SELAMA SIKLUS ESTRUS PADA KUDA GAYO BETINA (Anatomy and Ultrasound Imaging of Reproductive Organs of Gayo Mares During Estrous Cycle)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Juli Melia ◽  
Muhammad Agil ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Amrozi Amrozi
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Right

The present study examines anatomy of Gayo mare reproductive organs. This study used three sample of Gayo mare reproductive organs (n= 3) for observation of morphology and morphometric of the mare reproductive organs. The ovarium was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution then followed by histological method and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichome (MT). Three mares were observed for diameter and changes overview of uterus during estrous cycle in real time using ultrasound. The results showed that, in general, the anatomy of Gayo mare’s reproductive organs was similar to other mares, but smaller in morphometry. The total length of the Gayo mare’s reproductive tract from labia to apex cornua was 48.00±1.00 cm. Weight of Gayo mare’s left ovary was 19.07±7.70 g and the right was 24.43±0.83 g. Histologically, there was no difference between Gayo mare’s structure and other mares. In cortex uteri there were some follicles surrounded by capillary, various development stages of follicles, healthy follicles, atretic follicle, and corpus albican; while in medulla there were a lot of connective tissues. Ultrasound of the uterus showed the change in diameter during estrous cycle with the largest diameter of corpus uteri was 4.43±0.10 cm in horses with estrous cycle of 21 days and 6.30±0.93 cm in horses with 24 days estrous cycle. In conclusion, the morphometry of Gayo mare reproductive organs are smaller than the other horses and there are differences in diameter of the uterus during the estrous cycle due to the changes of endometrium thickness.

Gross and ultrasonographic morphometry of female reproductive tract in small ruminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jannat ◽  
F Y Bari ◽  
R N Ferdousy ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
N S Juyena
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Understanding the anatomy of female reproductive organs is very much important to identify any variation in disease condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the gross and ultrasonographic morphometric of female reproductive tract in small ruminants. The reproductive tracts of 21 does and 20 ewes were collected from slaughter house and both gross and ultrasonographic image measurements were performed to study morphometric of cervix, body of uterus, horn of uterus and ovary. Water bath ultrasonography technique was used with trans-abdominal linear probe for image measurement. Results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation between gross and image measurements of cervix, body of uterus and ovaries in does. In ewes, the significant (P<0.001) variation was observed between gross and image measurements in diameter of ovaries. Gross measurements were proportionately higher than image measurements in both species. The mean length, width and diameters of right ovaries were found higher than those of left ovaries. Pearson’s correlation revealed a positive relation between two measurements. Moreover, it was found that echogenicity varied with reproductive organs. This is a model study, which may help to identify female reproductive structures in small ruminants when trans-abdominal probe is used.

scholarly journals Biometry of Female Genital Organs of Black Bengal Goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Gupta ◽  
MM Akter ◽  
AD Gupta ◽  
A Das
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Female Genital

This study was conducted to establish the normal dimensions of the different segments of the female reproductive tract of the Black Bengal goats. The reproductive tracts of 56 adult non-gravid, female Black Bengal goat were collected and biometric parameters of different segments of the female reproductive tracts i.e. vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries were measured .The lengths of the right and left ovaries were 1.453±0.034 and 1.410±0.026 cm, respectively. Mean weight of left ovary was 0.5944±0.06 gm and that of right ovary was 0.614±0.07 gm in Black Bengal goat. The average numbers of follicle in right and left ovaries were 4.123±0.230 and 3.893±0.229, respectively. The mean lengths of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns and oviduct were 2.671±0.063, 7.132±0.165, 3.348±0.113, 2.50±0.112 and 12.287±0.270 and 10.150±0.228 cm, respectively. The width of the vagina, cervix, uterine body and uterine horn were 3.972±0.098, 1.7551±0.042, 2.739±0.079 and 2.805±0.069 cm, respectively. The average number of curuncle in uterus was 54.714±1.70. A significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left ovaries was found for ovario-bursal adhesion. The mean weight, length and width in the present study were found higher in right ovaries than those of left ovaries. Key wards: Black Bengal goat; biometric parameters; ovary; uterus; cervix; vagina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8609 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):12-16

scholarly journals PSX-5 Reproductive organ weights, morphology and sperm reserves in intact and short scrotum post-pubertal male dairy sheep lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-467
Author(s):  
Stephan Wildeus ◽  
Susan Schoenian ◽  
D Philip Sponenberg ◽  
Mary Beth Bennett ◽  
Dahlia O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tubule Diameter ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Abstract This study evaluated the use of short-scrotum castration to create sterile ram lambs. East Friesian x Lacaune male lambs born in February on a commercial sheep dairy were left intact (n = 19; IN) or rendered short-scrotum (n = 17; SS) within 10 d of birth. At 3 mo of age lambs were transferred to the study site and grazed as one group, while being supplemented with a grain mixture at 0.7 kg/d. Lambs were harvested at 6 mo of age, and reproductive tract of 5 IN and 5 SS lambs collected at random and shipped cold overnight for processing. Testis and epididymis were weighed. Segments of the left testis and epididymis were processed for histology, while a subsample of testicular parenchyma and epididymal segments of the right side were used to determine sperm reserves by tissue homogenization. Differences between testis types were determined using GLM of SAS. Testes and epididymal weights were reduced (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (115 and 22 g) compared to IN (364 and 50 g) lambs. Seminiferous tubule diameter was also smaller (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (142 µm) than IN (234 µm) lambs. Daily sperm production per gram testicular parenchyma (DSPG) was not different between types (3.8 vs. 2.3 million sperm/g; P = 0.06), but total daily sperm production was lower (P &lt; 0.01) in SS (0.23 billion) than IN (1.34 billion) ram lambs. Considerable variation was noted in DSPG in IN lambs suggesting still incomplete development at this age, and accounting for the lack of a significant difference. Epididymal sperm reserves were markedly reduced (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (0.1 billion) compared to IN (10.5 billion), and decreased along the epididymis, supported by evidence of phagocytic action by the epididymal epithelium. Data suggest that ram lambs rendered short-scrotum shortly after birth develop smaller testes with reduced sperm production, making them effectively infertile.

scholarly journals Morphology and Morphometrical studies on Semi lunar Heart valves of Indigenous Cattle (Bos indicus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
S Akhtar ◽  
FMA Hossain ◽  
MSI Siddiqui ◽  
M Alam ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Sinotubular Junction ◽  
Free Margin ◽  
Aortic Heart Valve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Twenty heart specimens of healthy indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) of different age group (04 groups) in Sylhet District were collected for gross morphology and morphometrical analysis of cusps or leaflets and papillary muscles to study the measurement of the length of the free margin of the cusps of the aortic and pulmonary valves and anatomical assessment for future bioprosthetic purpose for heterografting in the cardiac valvular human patients. It was found that the pulmonary valves consisted of three semilunar valve leaflets, the wall of the sinuses, the interleaflet triangles, the commissures and the sinotubular junction; whereas the aortic heart valve leaflets of indigenous cattle were three in number: right, left and noncoronary. Each leaflet of the valve has a central lamina fibrosa at their free margin of which the thickened part in the midpoint of the lunula formed the corpus arantii. The length of the right and posterior pulmonary cusp in this study was statistically significant (p<.005) but the length of the left pulmonary cusp was not significant in all age groups of animal. The mean length of the right coronary cusps (RCC), left coronary cusps (LCC) and non coronary cusps (NCC) was statistically not significant irrespective of their age groups of animal studied. This valve might be used for manufacturing tissue valve for Bioprosthesis. Keywords: Indigenous cattle; heart valve; morphology; morphometry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8608 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):7-11

Uterine size and ovarian size in adolescents with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 948-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zana Bumbuliene ◽  
Jelena Klimasenko ◽  
Diana Sragyte ◽  
Jolita Zakareviciene ◽  
Grazina Drasutiene
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Volume

IntroductionFunctional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a condition characterised by the absence of menses due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to estimate uterine and ovarian sizes in adolescents with FHA and to compare these results with findings in peers having regular menstrual cycles.DesignProspective case-controlled study.SettingsVilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Lithuania.PatientsLithuanian adolescents—45 with FHA and 40 comparison group participants.Main outcome measuresWe assessed ultrasound measurements of internal reproductive organs, levels of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, oestradiol and calculated body mass index (BMI).ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 16.3±1.2 years, the mean age after menarche—3.6 years. In adolescents with FHA the BMI was 17.8±1.8 kg/m2 and 20.4±1.4 kg/m2 in the comparison group, p<0.001. The uterine volume (14.7±6.3 cm3 vs 31.7±10.6 cm3, p<0.001), cervical length (2.3±0.4 cm vs 2.6±0.5 cm, p=0.03), volume of both ovaries (9.3±3.6 cm3 vs 13.8±4.3 cm3, p<0.001) and levels of LH (2.70±2.59 vs 6.01±2.44, p<0.001) were significantly lower in girls with FHA. A significantly positive correlation between volume of uterus and levels of LH (r=0.415; p<0.001) was found. We identified a positive correlation between uterine volume, uterine corpus length, cervical length, ovarian volume and weight, BMI.ConclusionsIn adolescents with FHA the dimensions of uterus and ovaries were smaller than in girls having regular menstrual cycles. Our study confirmed the influence of oestrogen on uterus size: oestrogen deficiency causes a reduction in uterine size. Uterine size and ovarian size correlate positively with BMI.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND SPERM RESERVES OF M'BORORO (Bos indicus) BULLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
H. D Kwari ◽  
S. O. Ogwuegbu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sexually Mature

Morphometric data of the reproductive organs and the gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves were determined in sexually mature M'bororo bulls. The mean body weight was 560±15.8kg and measured 175.8±4.3cm at the withers. The mean paired testes weight and scrotal circumference were 266.5±28.9g and 28.2±0.8cm, respectively. The body weight was significantly and positively corellated with the testicular sperm reserves (P<0.05). The paired testicular sperm reserves was 27.3±3.1 *109. The mean weights of the accessory gland were: Seminal Vesicles, 42.2±4g; ampullae, 12.4±2.0g;Prostate gland, 2.2±0.29g and 1.3±0.3g for the bulbourethral gland. The mean penis lenght was 80.9±2.9cm while the glans penis and the urethral process measured 3.1±0.1cm and 1.9±0.1cm, respectively

scholarly journals Organoids of the Female Reproductive Tract: Innovative Tools to Study Desired to Unwelcome Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Heremans ◽  
Ziga Jan ◽  
Dirk Timmerman ◽  
Hugo Vankelecom
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Biological Development

The pelviperineal organs of the female reproductive tract form an essential cornerstone of human procreation. The system comprises the ectodermal external genitalia, the Müllerian upper-vaginal, cervical, endometrial and oviductal derivatives, and the endodermal ovaries. Each of these organs presents with a unique course of biological development as well as of malignant degeneration. For many decades, various preclinical in vitro models have been employed to study female reproductive organ (patho-)biology, however, facing important shortcomings of limited expandability, loss of representativeness and inadequate translatability to the clinic. The recent emergence of 3D organoid models has propelled the field forward by generating powerful research tools that in vitro replicate healthy as well as diseased human tissues and are amenable to state-of-the-art experimental interventions. Here, we in detail review organoid modeling of the different female reproductive organs from healthy and tumorigenic backgrounds, and project perspectives for both scientists and clinicians.

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