Investigation of male and female infertility in llamas and alpacas

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tibary ◽  
Alexis Campbell ◽  
Jacobo S. Rodriguez ◽  
Agustin J. Ruiz ◽  
Cristian Patino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Testicular Degeneration

Llamas and alpacas are important production animals in South America, with increasing interest in other parts of the world. Poor reproductive efficiency combined with several unique anatomical and physiological reproductive features offer challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in camelids. This review presents an approach to the clinical investigation and common causes of infertility and subfertility in the male and female. The selection of males for breeding should be made based on complete evaluation to eliminate congenital and possibly hereditary disorders. Common disorders of the male reproductive system include testicular hypoplasia, testicular and epididymal cysts and testicular degeneration. Semen evaluation presents some challenges owing to the viscous nature of the ejaculate in these species. Females should be screened for congenital genital defects before breeding. Causes of subfertility in the female are dominated by ovarian and uterine disorders. A systematic clinical approach and the use of endometrial biopsy and advanced techniques, such as laparoscopy, allow early identification of these disorders. Further research is needed for continued understanding of the reproductive pathological processes in these species.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

A Study of Decline Ethical Values in Education System at Higher Level

2018 ◽  
pp. 554-572
Author(s):  
Reena Singh
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Poor Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Teachers stand in the interface of the transmission of knowledge, skills and values. They are accepted as the backbone of education system. Some serious questions arise after analyzing the current teacher education status like: What training implications stem from the conceptions of teachers regarding ethics and the way it is learned? We need to explore the answer of above said problem. Therefore, in this chapter an attempt has been made to analyze the present status of ethics of teachers. Qualitative and quantitative method was used for analyzing data. It was found lack of accountability, political intervention in selection of teachers, lack of interest in hard work, lack of code of conduct and professional ethics are major factor responsible for the degradation of teaching value in society. There is find difference between male and female teachers regarding professionalism, teachers' individual quality and difference between more experience and less experience teachers regarding poor relationship with students, and evaluation related quality.

Clinical investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 4395-4405
Author(s):  
Michael Doherty ◽  
Peter C. Lanyon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
Selection Of

Disease markers are pathological or physiological characteristics of an individual that assist in determining the diagnosis, the current activity of disease, or the expected prognosis of the condition in that individual. Some markers relate to just one of these elements; others may relate to two, or occasionally all three. Clinical markers are derived from enquiry and examination of the patient. For many common rheumatic disorders, clinical assessment alone gives sufficient information for patient diagnosis and management. In some situations, however, particularly with inflammatory, metabolic, or multisystem disease, a search for additional investigational markers may be warranted. It is important to emphasize that the requirement for and selection of investigations, as well as their subsequent interpretation, is principally determined by the clinical assessment. Investigations are an adjunct, never a substitute, for competent clinical assessment. There is no place for a battery of screening tests.

scholarly journals Maternal influence on feeding site selection of male and female lambs

animal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-999
Author(s):  
R.L. Wesley ◽  
A.F. Cibils ◽  
C.M. Black-Rubio ◽  
E.R. Pollak ◽  
S.A. Utsumi
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Feeding Site Selection

SELECTIVE PREDATION IN A EURYPHAGOUS INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR, PARDOSA VANCOUVERI (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Holmberg ◽  
A. L. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Invertebrate Predator ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSelective predation (i.e., non-random feeding) was studied in a laboratory system that allowed individual lycosid spiders, Pardosa vancouveri, to feed on prey populations consisting of one or two kinds of insects. Various combinations of male and female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), “small” and “large” beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor), and nymphal milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus) were used as prey. Female adult and subadult spiders were used as predators. Generally, fruit flies were selected by the spiders over mealworms or milkweed bugs, and small mealworms over large ones. No selection occurred between male and female flies. Very weak or no selection occurred between small beetle larvae and milkweed bugs. Spiders of both age classes showed similar selective tendencies. Prior feeding experiences did not alter feeding selections, but minor changes in the physical complexity of the environment did. Twelve criteria related to development, survival, growth, and fecundity were monitored for 12 groups of spiders fed either single or two-prey combinations of the five kinds of prey. The hierarchy of benefits conferred by the five kinds of prey was the same as that for selection. Male and female fruit flies equally benefited the spiders. The fruit flies yielded the most and large beetle larvae the least number of statistically superior benefits. Small beetle larvae and milkweed bugs were intermediate and about equal. There was no evidence that a mixed (i.e., two) prey diet is better than a single prey diet. It is hypothesized that selective predation by P. vancouveri involves prey sampling, memory of prey attributes, and selection of prey that possess attributes that are associated with high fitness.

scholarly journals Potential applications of fish oils rich in n-3 fatty acids in the palliative treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arshad ◽  
Dhya Al-Leswas ◽  
James Stephenson ◽  
Matthew Metcalfe ◽  
Ashley Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Selection Of

The palliative treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) has undergone little advancement in the last 15 years. Novel therapies that have been investigated to extend survival have shown little benefit over existing chemotherapy regimens. Patients with APC often experience significant weight loss, which is one of the primary factors involved in declining quality of life. Recently, the ability of n-3 fatty acid rich oral preparations to attenuate or reverse tumour-related weight loss has been investigated in this patient group with encouraging results. Laboratory investigation has also yielded promising results suggesting a potential direct tumouricidal effect of n-3 fatty acids as well as the putative potentiation of existing chemotherapy regimes. The present review aims to examine the potential applications of fish oils rich in n-3 fatty acids in patients with APC, present a selection of the studies carried out to date and outline avenues of possible further clinical investigation.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental colors and long-term sex isolation on zebrafish shoaling behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Christian Lenzi ◽  
Chiara Grasso ◽  
Mircea Nicoara ◽  
Alexandra Savuca ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shoaling Behavior ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Zebrafish has a complex social behavior and little is known about the role of sexual preference and their environmental social interactions. In this study we investigated the potential influence of environmental colors and shoaling preferences of zebrafish male and female populations, with a focus on visual communication. Males and females were kept for 7 days in gender-isolated tanks, with a specific habitat color for each group: green for males and red for females. After the pre-test period, all the animals were kept separated and 8 noninvasive behavioral tests were conducted in a T-maze, with the application of different visual stimuli. We did not observe any clear influence of environmental coloring on social zebrafish choices. Significant sex-related differences were found in shoaling partner preference (i.e. same sex vs. other sex, one fish vs. three fish) as follows: females showed a tendency to avoid other females and spent more time with males. Male fish did not display a preference between one or three fish stimuli and they shoaled more with another male and less with a potential sexual partner. There was an obvious difference between males and females in responses and selection of shoaling partners.

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