Endocrine and physiological events from ovulation to establishment of pregnancy in cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Thatcher ◽  
M. Binelli ◽  
D. Arnold ◽  
R. Mattos ◽  
L. Badinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Feeding Diets

AbstractA series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to characterise the dialogue between embryo and maternal units relative to the mechanisms controlling embryo survival in dairy cattle. Endometrial explants from pregnant cows had an attenuated PGF2α secretory response following treatment with melittin (stimulator of PLA2) and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDBu). Thus previous exposure to the conceptus appears to regulate the endometrial synthetic pathway at a point coincident with or distal to PLA2 as well as inhibit PKC or PKC mediated events. Endometrial explants collected from cows receiving intrauterine infusions of rblFN-τ had a reduced secretory response following stimulation with PDBu indicating attenuation in PKC activity. Based upon tyrosine-phosphorylation of STAT-proteins and their translocation to the nucleus after treatment with rbIFN-τ, the JAK-STAT pathway is functional in immortalised bovine endometrial cells (BEND cells). Bend cells, exposed to rblFN-τ, reduced PDBu induction of PGF2α secretion and also decreased protein expression of Cox-2 and PLA. RblFN-τ clearly reduced PKC mediated events leading to an antiluteolytic response in endometrial cells. Feeding diets containing 2.6, 5.2 and 7.8% Menhaden fish meal to lactating dairy cows reduced uterine secretion of PGF2α following sequential injections of oestradiol and oxytocin. Thus antiluteolytic effects in early pregnancy may be amplified by feeding by-pass fats. Pregnancy rate to a timed insemination at first service post-partum is increased in association with injection of bST(500 mg; sc) given at insemination. Furthermore injection of bST at time of insemination in superovulated donor cows increased the number of blastocysts and reduced number of unfertilised embryos. Prospects of integrating novel strategies to improve embryo development and survival into reproductive management systems appear to be attainable in high producing dairy cows.

scholarly journals Agreement between rectal and vaginal temperature measured with temperature loggers in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Suthar ◽  
Onno Burfeind ◽  
Britta Maeder ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Epidural Injection ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between rectal (RT) and vaginal temperature (VT) measured with the same temperature loggers in dairy cows. Three experiments were conducted. The study began with a validation in vitro of 24 temperature loggers comparing them to a calibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer as a reference method. The association and agreement between the 24 temperature loggers with the reference method was r=0·996 (P<0·001) with a negligible coefficient of variance (0·005) between the loggers. In-vivo temperature loggers were tested in 11 healthy post-partum cows (Experiment 2) and 12 early post-partum cows with greater body temperature (Experiment 3). Temperature loggers were set to record VT and RT at 1-min intervals. To prevent rectal and vaginal straining and potential expulsion of temperature logger an epidural injection of 2·5 ml of 2% Procain was administered. Association between RT and VT was r=0·92 (P<0·001; Experiment 2) and r=0·94 (P<0·001; Experiment 3) with a negligible difference of −0·1 and 0·01 °C. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated agreement between RT and VT for healthy and early post-partum cows with greater body temperature in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore the intra-class correlation coefficient between RT and VT measured with identical loggers within cows of Experiments 2 and 3 also demonstrated greater agreements (P<0·001). Therefore, continuous VT monitoring with temperature loggers can be used as a measure of body temperature in dairy cows.

The effects of excess rumen degradable protein in ewes on ovulation rate, fertilization and embryo survival in vivo and during in vitro culture.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bishonga ◽  
J.J. Robinson ◽  
T.G. McEvoy ◽  
R.P. Aitken ◽  
P.A. Findlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Degradable Protein

In a review of the effects of protein nutrition on reproduction in dairy cattle, Ferguson and Chalupa (1989) expressed concern at the low conception rates to first insemination in high-producing dairy cows and suggested that a contributory factor may be an excess of rumen-degradable protein leading to toxic effects of ammonia and its metabolites on gametes and/or the embryo. More recently Elrod and Butler (1993) have provided data suggesting that degradable protein intakes which were 50% above the requirements for maximum microbial protein synthesis reduced embryo survival in dairy heifers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect in ewes of varying the amount of rumen degradable protein during the pre-ovulatory progesterone priming phase and the first four days thereafter on ovulation, fertilization, early in vivo and subsequent in vitro ovum development.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Eunkuk Park ◽  
Chang Gun Lee ◽  
Eunguk Lim ◽  
Seokjin Hwang ◽  
Seung Hee Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Regorafenib-Attenuated, Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985
Author(s):  
Xiaohe Li ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Yuli Wei ◽  
Shida Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Tgf Β1

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and age-related pulmonary disease. Nintedanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and one of the only two listed drugs against IPF. Regorafenib is a novel, orally active, multi-kinase inhibitor that has similar targets to nintedanib and is applied to treat colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients. In this study, we first identified that regorafenib could alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The in vivo experiments indicated that regorafenib suppresses collagen accumulation and myofibroblast activation. Further in vitro mechanism studies showed that regorafenib inhibits the activation and migration of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix production, mainly through suppressing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. In vitro studies have also indicated that regorafenib could augment autophagy in myofibroblasts by suppressing TGF-β1/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling, and could promote apoptosis in myofibroblasts. In conclusion, regorafenib attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Herbal Medicine Targeting Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4451
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Eftimie Miutescu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most widespread hematological cancers. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and by the overproduction of monoclonal proteins. In recent years, the survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma has increased significantly due to the use of transplanted stem cells and of the new therapeutic agents that have significantly increased the survival rate, but it still cannot be completely cured and therefore the development of new therapeutic products is needed. Moreover, many patients have various side effects and face the development of drug resistance to current therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the bioactive active compounds (flavonoids) and herbal extracts which target dysregulated signaling pathway in MM, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their healing potential targeting multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, they demonstrated the ability to promote cell cycle blockage and apoptosis or autophagy in cancer cells, as well as inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumor progression, inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor vascular network. Current research provides valuable new information about the ability of flavonoids to enhance the apoptotic effects of antineoplastic drugs, thus providing viable therapeutic options based on combining conventional and non-conventional therapies in MM therapeutic protocols.

scholarly journals UBE2C Drives Human Cervical Cancer Progression and Is Positively Modulated by mTOR

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
An-Jen Chiang ◽  
Chia-Jung Li ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui ◽  
Chung Chang ◽  
Yuan-chin Ivan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, accounting for 10% of all gynecological cancers. Recently, targeted therapy for cervical cancer has shown unprecedented advantages. Several studies have shown that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is highly expressed in a series of tumors, and participates in the progression of these tumors. However, the possible impact of UBE2C on the progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) remains unclear. Here, we carried out tissue microarray analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues from 294 cervical cancer patients with FIGO/TNM cancer staging records. The results indicated that UBE2C was highly expressed in human CESC tissues and its expression was related to the clinical characteristics of CESC patients. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2C enhanced and reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation, respectively, in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that UBE2C regulated the expression and activity of the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we confirmed that UBE2C is involved in the process of CESC and that UBE2C may represent a molecular target for CESC treatment.

scholarly journals Exosomal Vimentin from Adipocyte Progenitors Protects Fibroblasts against Osmotic Stress and Inhibits Apoptosis to Enhance Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4678
Author(s):  
Sepideh Parvanian ◽  
Hualian Zha ◽  
Dandan Su ◽  
Lifang Xi ◽  
Yaming Jiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Adipocyte Progenitors ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Mechanical stress following injury regulates the quality and speed of wound healing. Improper mechanotransduction can lead to impaired wound healing and scar formation. Vimentin intermediate filaments control fibroblasts’ response to mechanical stress and lack of vimentin makes cells significantly vulnerable to environmental stress. We previously reported the involvement of exosomal vimentin in mediating wound healing. Here we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of wide-type and vimentin knockout exosomes in accelerating wound healing under osmotic stress condition. Our results showed that osmotic stress increases the size and enhances the release of exosomes. Furthermore, our findings revealed that exosomal vimentin enhances wound healing by protecting fibroblasts against osmotic stress and inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that exosomes could be considered either as a stress modifier to restore the osmotic balance or as a conveyer of stress to induce osmotic stress-driven conditions.

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