Balancing trade-offs between biodiversity and production in the re-design of rangeland landscapes

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Waters ◽  
T. D. Penman ◽  
R. B. Hacker ◽  
B. Law ◽  
R. P. Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Key Drivers

The conflict that exists between the competing needs of biological conservation and pastoral production is well recognised but few studies have examined these conflicts due to their complexity and the uncertainty that surrounds these relationships. The development of a Bayesian network model that examines the trade-offs between the conservation value of the landscape for a range of taxa (flora, mammals, birds and herpetofauna) and its primary production value under alternative land uses is described. The model emphasises structural diversity of vegetation and ecosystem productivity as key drivers of both biodiversity and agricultural production. Simple scenarios, used to examine the influence of different land uses on multiple components of biodiversity and agricultural productivity, demonstrated the potential for the analysis of the trade-offs associated with alternative landscape designs. The potential of the model, as a planning or policy development tool for land management agencies or regional Natural Resource Management bodies, at multiple scales, is identified.

scholarly journals Public Administration and Governance for the SDGs: Navigating between Change and Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5914
Author(s):  
Louis Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Research And Policy

This article highlights four key reform challenges regarding the quality of public administration and governance (PAG), aimed at increasing ‘SDG-readiness’ at all levels of administration, in a nexus characterized by complexity, volatility, pluriformity and uncertainty. Based on others’ research into how EU Member States institutionalize the implementation of the SDGs, a critical review of SDG-governance approaches, as well as a review paper on the management of the SDGs, it is concluded that that four priority areas could guide research and policy development to accelerate implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Firstly, to recognize that creating an effective public administration and governance is an important strategic policy area. Secondly, to begin with mission-oriented public administration and governance reform for SDG implementation, replacing the efficiency-driven public sector reform of the past decades. Thirdly, to apply culturally sensitive metagovernance to design, define and manage trade-offs and achieving synergies between SDGs and their targets. Fourthly, to start concerted efforts to improve policy coherence with a mindset beyond political, institutional, and mental ‘silos’.

Growing controversy over “wise international water governance”

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
J.M. Trondalen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
External Power ◽  
International Water ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Political Economic

This article takes the perspective that when political relationships are strained, there seem to be few examples of wise international water resources governance. The Middle East is a striking example. Much effort has been put into policy development and the design of international principles, but very little into the translation of those into concrete and lasting governance. One of the theses of the article is that politics - whether domestic or international- in most cases overrides these principles and standards. Moreover ready-made regional co-operation models of water managements are not directly applicable to every geographical, political, economic and social setting. Certain factors are often under-estimated in international water negotiations, such as:• the complexity of any hydro-political negotiations, and need to develop commonly accepted standards;• the difficulty of translating policy - either politically or legally - into an operational and realistic negotiations strategy;• the format of the procedures and meetings;• recognition that third parties should have a long-term perspective on any conflict they get involved in.With reservations, the lessons learned indicate that the following factors have an impact on grid locked situations, such as: new substantive information; new trade-offs between the parties; and changed political climate or relationship with external power-brokers.

Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Under Construction

<em>Abstract</em> .—Development of hydropower dams on the mainstream of the Mekong River is highly contentious, particularly in Laos where two mainstream dams are under construction and another seven are planned. The debate revolves predominantly around the economic development associated with increased electricity supply and sales, versus the livelihood disruption resulting from the degradation of the traditional uses of the river (primarily fisheries) and other ecosystem services. Assessment of policy and management indicates six lessons relating to the governance of the Mekong and potentially other large transboundary rivers. These are that decisions about resource use can be unrelated to resource management, different public viewpoints and value judgments by political leaders must be acknowledged, integrated planning is essential for rational development of natural resources, decentralization of government hinders sustainable management of natural resources, technical information is essential for decision making and assessment of trade-offs, and difficulties in comparing monetary and nonmonetary values encumber policy development.

Best-Practise Mentor Programmes

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Maia Rushby ◽  
Carola Hieker
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Mentor Programs ◽  
American University ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
People Development ◽  
The Individual

The chapter focuses on features of mentor programs and emphasizes their growing importance. It aims to bring clarity to the concept of mentoring and offers clear guidelines on how to set them up and make them best practices. It starts by looking at the different roles and definitions of mentors, sponsors, coaches, and line-managers and how they work together to enable employees to develop their potential in a workplace environment. A short overview of the change in human resource strategies over the last two decades shows the history and motivations as to why mentor programs have become not just an accepted people development tool but are also increasingly recognized as a reliable tool for influencing and changing organizational culture. Finally, key drivers of good mentor programs will be reviewed and an assessment of the benefits to the individual and organization provided. Trends in mentor programs will also be touched upon. References in this chapter are based on work with clients in industry and research conducted at Richmond, The American University in London.

scholarly journals Unimodal Relationships of Understory Alpha and Beta Diversity along Chronosequence in Coppiced and Unmanaged Beech Forests

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Bartha ◽  
Roberto Canullo ◽  
Stefano Chelli ◽  
Giandiego Campetella
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Coppice Management

Patterns of diversity across spatial scales in forest successions are being overlooked, despite their importance for developing sustainable management practices. Here, we tested the recently proposed U-shaped biodiversity model of forest succession. A chronosequence of 11 stands spanning from 5 to 400 years since the last disturbance was used. Understory species presence was recorded along 200 m long transects of 20 × 20 cm quadrates. Alpha diversity (species richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices) and three types of beta diversity indices were assessed at multiple scales. Beta diversity was expressed by a) spatial compositional variability (number and diversity of species combinations), b) pairwise spatial turnover (between plots Sorensen, Jaccard, and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and c) spatial variability coefficients (CV% of alpha diversity measures). Our results supported the U-shaped model for both alpha and beta diversity. The strongest differences appeared between active and abandoned coppices. The maximum beta diversity emerged at characteristic scales of 2 m in young coppices and 10 m in later successional stages. We conclude that traditional coppice management maintains high structural diversity and heterogeneity in the understory. The similarly high beta diversities in active coppices and old-growth forests suggest the presence of microhabitats for specialist species of high conservation value.

scholarly journals Governing Food and Agriculture in a Warming World

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Newell ◽  
Olivia Taylor ◽  
Charles Touni
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Warming World

Understanding how, why, and whether the trade-offs and tensions around simultaneous implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals are resolved both sustainably and equitably requires an appreciation of power relations across multiple scales of governance. We explore the politics and political economy of how the nexus around food, energy, and water is being governed through initiatives to promote climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as it moves from the global to the local. We combine an analysis of how these interrelationships are being governed (and ungoverned) by key global institutions with reflection on the consequences of this for developing countries that are being targeted by CSA initiatives. In particular, we look at Kenya as a country heavily dependent on agriculture, but also subject to some of the worst effects of climate change and which has been a focus for a range of bilateral and multilateral donors with their preferred visions of CSA. We draw on strands of literature in global environmental politics, political ecology, and the political economy of development to make sense of the power dynamics that characterize the multiscalar politics of how CSA is translated, domesticated, and operationalized in practice.

Are trade‐offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Cohen ◽  
Christophe F. D. Coste ◽  
Xiang‐Yi Li ◽  
Salomé Bourg ◽  
Samuel Pavard
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Key Drivers

scholarly journals A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby A. Gardner ◽  
Joice Ferreira ◽  
Jos Barlow ◽  
Alexander C. Lees ◽  
Luke Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Development Trajectories

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network ( Rede Amazônia Sustentável , RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.

scholarly journals The 3-I framework: a framework for developing public policies regarding pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing in Canada

Genome ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naazish S. Bashir ◽  
Wendy J. Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Confidentiality And Privacy

The 3-I framework of analyzing the ideas, interests, and institutions around a topic has been used by political scientists to guide public policy development. In Canada, there is a lack of policy governing pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing compared to other developed nations. The goal of this study was to use the 3-I framework, a policy development tool, and apply it to PGx testing to identify and analyze areas where current policy is limited and challenges exist in bringing PGx testing into wide-spread clinical practice in Canada. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to determine the extent and challenges of PGx policy implementation at federal and provincial levels. Based on the 3-I analysis, contentious ideas related to PGx are (i) genetic discrimination, (ii) informed consent, (iii) the lack of knowledge about PGx in health care, (iv) the value of PGx testing, (v) the roles of health care workers in the coordination of PGx services, and (vi) confidentiality and privacy. The 3-I framework is a useful tool for policy makers, and applying it to PGx policy development is a new approach in Canadian genomics. Policy makers at every organizational level can use this analysis to help develop targeted PGx policies.

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