Evaluation of the growth response of arid zone invasive species Salvia verbenaca cultivars to atmospheric carbon dioxide and soil moisture

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Weller ◽  
Muhammad M. Javaid ◽  
Singarayer K. Florentine
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Although climate change is expected to affect the ecology of many weed species, the nature and scale of these responses is presently not well defined. This presages a suite of potential problems for the agricultural industries. Consequently, we investigated the effects of anticipated climate change on biomass and seed production, for two varieties of wild sage, Salvia verbenaca L. var. verbenaca and Salvia verbenaca var. vernalis Bioss. For the investigation, ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) carbon dioxide conditions, in combination with well-watered (100% field capacity) and drought conditions (60% field capacity), were selected to represent alternative climate scenarios. The alteration in biomass production was represented by a combined measurement of nine variables; plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, leaf thickness, shoot biomass, root biomass and dry leaf weight, and fecundity was measured via two variables; 100 seed weight and number of seeds per plant. All biomass measurements were reduced in a drought situation compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide (400 ppm), and each corresponding measurement was greater under elevated carbon dioxide (700 ppm) regardless of water treatment. In contrast, this was not observed for 100 seed weight or number of seeds per plant. Although a similar profile of a reduction in fecundity parameters was observed under drought conditions compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide, there was an increase in seed mass only for var. verbenaca under elevated carbon dioxide in both water treatments. In addition, there was a very small increase in the number of seeds in this species under drought conditions in elevated carbon dioxide, with neither increase in seed mass or seed number being observed in var. vernalis. These results suggest that although future climate change may result in increased competition of both these varieties with desirable plants, their management strategies will need to focus on effects of increased size of the weeds, rather than only attempting to reduce the seed bank holdings.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and genetic diversity in lentil (Lens culinaris medikus ssp. Culinaris) germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
KU Ahamed ◽  
B Akhter ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MR Humaun ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Genetic divergence of 110 lentil germplasm with checks was assessed based on morphological traits using multivariate analysis. Mahalanobis generalized distance (D2) analysis was used to group the lentil genotypes. Significant variations among lentil genotypes were observed in respect of days to 1st flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and number of pods per peduncle, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight and yield per plant. Considering the mean values, the germplasm were grouped into ten clusters. The highest number of genotypes (17) was in cluster X and lowest (5) both in cluster II and IV. Cluster IV had the highest cluster mean for number of pods per plant (297.08), number of seeds per plant (594.16), 100 seed weight (1.44 g) and yield per plant (8.53 g). Among them, the highest inter-cluster distance was obtained between the cluster IV and I (24.61) followed by IV and III (22.33), while the lowest was between IX and II (1.63). The maximum value of inter-cluster distance indicated that genotypes belonging to cluster IV were far diverged from those of cluster I. The first female flower initiation was earlier in BD-3812 (49 days) in cluster I and cluster IV had highest grain yield per plant (8.53). BD-3807 produced significant maximum number of pods per plant (298.40) in cluster IV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21095 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 70-76, June, 2014

scholarly journals Interrelationships and genetic analysis of seed yield and morphological traits in mini core collection of Iranian landrace, breeding lines and improved chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

To determine the association between genetic parameters and morphological traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted with 49 different landrace, breeding lines and cultivated chickpea genotypes using a 7?7 lattice square design with 2 replications in the 2012-2013 growing season. Genetic parameters including genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances; coefficients of variation; heritability; correlation coefficients; factor analysis and path coefficients were estimated, and cluster analysis was performed. High heritability values observed in measured traits indicating that these traits are controlled mainly by additive genes and that selection of such traits may be effective for improving seed yield. Number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and plant biomass had a positive direct effect on seed yield. These traits also had positive and highly significant phenotypic correlations with seed yield. Using principal component (PC) analysis, the first three PCs with eigenvalues more than 1 contributed 70.94% of the variability among accessions. The germplasm were grouped into 3 clusters. Each cluster had some specific characteristics of its own and the cluster I was clearly separated from cluster II and III. Overall the results, it can be concluded that seed yield in chickpea can be improved by selecting an ideotype having greater number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and plant biomass.

scholarly journals The Genotypic and Phenotypic Basis of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars for Irrigation-Based Production in Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigusie Girma ◽  
Asnake Fikre ◽  
Chris O. Ojiewo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Development of irrigation-based chickpea production is considered the most important alternative approach in combating climate change and maximizing productivity, especially in moisture-stress areas and in areas where water and land for irrigation is available. In central Ethiopia, where production of chickpea (especially Kabuli type) is becoming an important part of agriculture, although many superior varieties (both desi and Kabuli types) are available, they have been evaluated and released based on rainfed production. Hence, there is an urgent need for evaluation of varieties suited for irrigation-based production. Towards this goal, during the 2012/13 growing season, 14 Kabuli genotypes (previously introduced) and 24 desi genotypes (nurseries obtained from ICRISAT) were evaluated independently at three and one locations respectively (Kabuli at Debre Zeit, Ambo and Werer; desi at Debre Zeit) for production adaptation under irrigation. The parameters evaluated were date of maturity, 100-seed weight and yield. Overall, while most Kabuli genotypes showed high adaptability to irrigation-based production at all locations, four Kabuli genotypes (X96TH-52-14/2000 = 106.7DAS, FLIP-02-39C = 107DAS, X98TH-51-1-3 = 107.9DAS and ICCV-07313 = 107DAS) were found to be earlier in maturity; two genotypes (ICCV-07313 = 42.5 g and ICCV-04305 = 37.8 g) were identified as having high 100-seed weight and one genotype (ICCV-05309 = 3228.8 kg/ha or 32 quintals/ha) out yielded all genotypes across locations. The result of combined analysis indicated five promising genotypes showing more than 20 kg/ha yield on average. All desi varieties showed maturity dates of under four months; six genotypes showed higher 100-seed weight and eight genotypes showed promising yield responses (> 2000 kg/ha). From these preliminary results, it can be deduced that irrigation can play a significantly complementary role to the rainfed system, provided the genetics by management is optimized through research and innovation.

scholarly journals Impact of epistasis and QTL×environment interaction on the accumulation of seed mass of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
YINGPENG HAN ◽  
WEILI TENG ◽  
DESHENG SUN ◽  
YUPING DU ◽  
LIJUAN QIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
100 Seed Weight

SummaryThe accumulation of seed mass in soybean is affected by both genotype and environment. The aim of the present study was to measure additive, epistatic and quantitative trait locus (QTL)×environment (QE) interaction effects of QTLs on the development of 100-seed weight in a population of 143 F5 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross between the soybean cultivars ‘Charleston’ and ‘Dong Nong 594’. Broad-sense heritability of 100-seed weight from 30 days (30D) to 80D stages was 0·58, 0·52, 0·62, 0·60, 0·66 and 0·57, respectively. A total of 17 QTLs with conditional additive (a) effect and/or conditional additive×environment interaction (ae) effect at specific stages were identified in ten linkage groups by conditional mapping. Of them, only 4 QTLs had significant a effect or ae effect at different stages of seed development. Among QTLs with significant a effect, five acted positively and six acted negatively on seed development. A total of 35 epistatic pairwise QTLs of 100-seed weight were identified by conditional mapping at different developmental stages. Five pairs of QTL showed the additive×additive epistatic (aa) effect and 16 QTLs showed the aa×environment interaction (aae) effect at the different developmental stages. QTLs with aa effect as well with their environmental interaction effect appeared to vary at different developmental stages. Overall, the results indicated that 100-seed weight in soybean is under developmental, genetic and environmental control.

scholarly journals Past climates inform our future

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6517) ◽  
pp. eaay3701
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Tierney ◽  
Christopher J. Poulsen ◽  
Isabel P. Montañez ◽  
Tripti Bhattacharya ◽  
Ran Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Earth System ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

As the world warms, there is a profound need to improve projections of climate change. Although the latest Earth system models offer an unprecedented number of features, fundamental uncertainties continue to cloud our view of the future. Past climates provide the only opportunity to observe how the Earth system responds to high carbon dioxide, underlining a fundamental role for paleoclimatology in constraining future climate change. Here, we review the relevancy of paleoclimate information for climate prediction and discuss the prospects for emerging methodologies to further insights gained from past climates. Advances in proxy methods and interpretations pave the way for the use of past climates for model evaluation—a practice that we argue should be widely adopted.

scholarly journals Heterosis and gene action in okra

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandan Mehta ◽  
BS Asati ◽  
SR Mamidwar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Forty two hybrids generated by crossing three testers with fourteen lines were studied along with parents for studying heterosis and gene action for days to first flowering, days to 50 percent flowering, fruit weight, fruit length, plant height, number of seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight and fruit yield per plant during rainy season and summer season of 2002-03 at Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The most heterotic combinations were VRO-6 x Parbhani Kranti, VRO-4 x Parbhani Kranti, Daftari-1 x Arka Abhaya and Kaveri Selection x Ankur Abhaya for fruit yield per ptant. The sca variances for days to fruit flower, days to 50 percent flowering, fruit weight, fruit length, plant height, number of seeds per fruit and 100-seed weight were higher than so gca variance so there is a preponderance of non-additive gene action. The gca variances was greater than sca variances for fruit yield per plant indicating preponderance of additive gene action for this trait. Overall, the results discussed above are quite indicative of the fact that hybrid okra has great potentialities of maximizing fruit yield in Chhattisgarh plains.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.544Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 421-432, September 2007

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