The embyology and relationship of the Byblidaceae

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Conran
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Linear Tetrad ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Antipodal Cells

The relationships of the Byblidaceae have been the subject of a number of recent molecular phylogenetic studies where their traditional relationships with the Roridulaceae and other members of the Rosidae have been overturned in favour of affinities with the Asteridae, in particular to the Lentibulariaceae in the Lamiales. Although the embryological relationships between these families were the subject of an earlier study, the data for the Byblidaceae were incomplete. The family has tetrasporangiate, bilocular anthers with a glandular bi-nucleate tapetum. Formation of the anther wall appears to be of the Dicotyledonous type, and the anthers have ephemeral middle layers and apical fibrous thickenings. Simultaneous microsporogenesis results in tetrahedral tetrads of bi-nucleate pollen grains. The ovules are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. Megasporogenesis is direct from the archesporal cell, which in Byblis liniflora Salisb. divides to produce a linear tetrad from which a chalazal megaspore is derived (contrary to a report of a micropylar megaspore in B. gigantea Lindl.). Megagametogenesis conforms to the Polygonum type, and the antipodal cells are persistent. The endosperm is ab initio Cellular and there are well developed micropylar and chalazal haustoria. Embryogenesis appears to conform to the Onagrad type noted for several of the other members of the Lamiales s.l., including the Lentibulariaceae, to which the Byblidaceae have been related in recent molecular studies.

The life cycle of Hexangium sigani Goto & Ozaki, 1929 (Digenea: Microscaphidiidae) from the Red Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. El-Said Hassanine ◽  
D.A. Al-Zahrani ◽  
H. El-S. Touliabah ◽  
E.M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe microscaphidiid Hexangium sigani Goto & Ozaki, 1929 was found in the intestine of Siganus rivulatus, a siganid fish permanently resident in a lagoon within the mangrove swamps on the Egyptian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Intra-molluscan stages of this trematode (mother sporocysts, rediae and cercariae) were found in the gonads and digestive gland of Nassarius pullus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), a common snail in the same lagoon. Consequently, the life cycle of H. sigani was elucidated under natural conditions: eggs are directly ingested by the snail; mother sporocysts and rediae reach maturity 5–7 and 16–17 weeks post-infection; rediae contain 18–26 developing cercariae; fully developed cercariae are monostome, without penetration glands, emerge from the snail during the night 18–19 weeks post-infection and rapidly encyst on aquatic vegetation (there is no second intermediate host); encysted metacercariae are not progenetic; 2-day-old metacercariae encysted on filamentous algae fed to S. rivulatus developed into fully mature worms 5–6 weeks post-infection. The cycle was completed in about 24 weeks. The intra-molluscan stages are very similar to those of Dictyangium chelydrae Stunkard, 1943, the only described intra-molluscan stages of any microscaphidiid. However, they are also similar to those of the family Mesometridae. The present study of H. sigani describes the first complete microscaphidiid life cycle, and implicitly supports the phylogenetic relationship of this family with the Mesometridae inferred from molecular phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Embriología de Pachycereus militaris (Audot) Hunt (Cactaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Citlali Núñez-Mariel ◽  
E. Mark Engleman ◽  
Judith Márquez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Megaspore

This is a contribution to the embryology of cacti and to the definition of their reproductory structures. The development of anthers, ovules and seeds of Pachycereus militaris is described. The type of development of the anther wall is monocotyledonous. This may have taxonomic importance above the family level. The endothecium is formed by a single stratum and the pollen grains are tricolpate, spinulate and punctitegilate. A lineal triad of megaspores was observed. The functional megaspore is the chalazal one. It is proposed that the term campylotropous should be uti lized for describing the ovule type, while the term circinotropous should be reserved for the funicle. In contrast to the stated by other authors, this study suggests that the seeds of Pachycereus militaris should be considered as non-albuminous and non-perispermous.

A Global Phylogenomic Study of the Thelypteridaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-915
Author(s):  
Susan Fawcett ◽  
Alan R. Smith ◽  
Michael Sundue ◽  
J. Gordon Burleigh ◽  
Emily B. Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Phylogenomic Study

Abstract— The generic classification of the Thelypteridaceae has been the subject of much controversy. Proposed taxonomic systems have varied from recognizing the approximately 1200 species in the family within the single genus Thelypteris, to systems favoring upwards of 30 genera. Insights on intrafamilial relationships, especially for neotropical taxa, have been gained from recent phylogenetic studies; however, in the most recent classification, 10 of 30 recognized genera are either non-monophyletic or untested. We sequenced 407 nuclear loci for 621 samples, representing all recognized genera and approximately half the known species diversity. These were analyzed using both maximum likelihood analysis of a concatenated matrix and multi-species coalescent methods. Our phylogenomic results, informed by recently published morphological evidence, provide the foundation for a generic classification which recircumscribed 14 genera and recognized seven new genera. The 37 monophyletic genera sampled demonstrate greater geographic coherence than previous taxonomic concepts suggested. Additionally, our results demonstrate that certain morphological characters, such as frond division, are evolutionarily labile and are thus inadequate for defining genera.

The floral morphology and embryology of Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Linear Tetrad ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Endosperm Formation ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Successive Cytokinesis ◽  
Mother Cells

A comparative study was carried out between diploid and tetraploid races of Themeda australis from Armidale and Cobar, respectively. Some morphological variations occur in both populations, but sporogenesis and gametogenesis are identical. The anther is tetrasporangiate and the development of its four-layered wall is described. The tapetum is of the secretory type and its cells become binucleate at the initiation of meiosis in the adjacent microspore mother cells which undergo successive cytokinesis. Microspore tetrads are usually isobilateral and the pollen grains are three-celled at dehiscence, which takes place by lateral longitudinal slits. The ovule is of a modified anatropous form and bitegmic, the broad micropyle being formed of both integuments. The single hypodermal archesporial cell develops directly into the megaspore mother cell and the nucellar epidermis undergoes periclinal and anticlinal divisions to form a conspicuous epistase. The chalaza1 megaspore of the linear tetrad gives rise to a Polygonum-type embryo sac. Material from the Armidale population showed one embryo sac per ovule, but two to five embryo sacs were present in that from Cobar. Embryogeny is typically graminaceous and endosperm formation is at first free-nuclear, later becoming cellular. Polyembryony follows fertilization of several embryo sacs within the same ovule. The reasons for low fertility of T. australis and poor germination of seeds are discussed.

scholarly journals Marrying molecules and morphology: first steps towards a reevaluation of solariellid genera (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) in the light of molecular phylogenetic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
S T Williams ◽  
Y Kano ◽  
A Warén ◽  
D G Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Clade B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Anatomical Characters

ABSTRACT The assignment of species to the vetigastropod genus Solariella Wood, 1842, and therefore the family Solariellidae Powell, 1951, is complicated by the fact that the type species (Solariella maculata Wood, 1842) is a fossil described from the Upper Pliocene. Assignment of species to genera has proved difficult in the past, and the type genus has sometimes acted as a ‘wastebasket’ for species that cannot easily be referred to another genus. In the light of a new systematic framework provided by two recent publications presenting the first molecular phylogenetic data for the group, we reassess the shell characters that are most useful for delimiting genera. Shell characters were previously thought to be of limited taxonomic value above the species level, but this is far from the case. Although overall shell shape is not a reliable character, our work shows that shell characters, along with radular and anatomical characters, are useful for assigning species to genera. Sculpture of the early teleoconch (the region immediately following the protoconch) and the columella are particularly useful characters that have not been used regularly in the past to distinguish genera. However, even with the combination of all morphological characters used in this study (shell, radular and eye), a few species are still difficult to assign to genera and in such cases molecular systematic data are essential. In the present study, we discuss 13 genera—12 of which were recovered as well-supported clades in recent molecular systematic studies—and provide morphological characters to distinguish them. We describe several new taxa: Chonospeira n. gen. (referred to as ‘clade B’ in previous molecular systematic studies), Phragmomphalina n. gen. (Bathymophila in part in molecular systematic studies) and Phragmomphalina vilvensi n. sp. (type species of Phragmomphalina n. gen.). We synonymize Hazuregyra Shikama, 1962 with Minolia A. Adams, 1860, Minolia subangulata Kuroda & Habe, 1952 with Minolia punctata A. Adams, 1860 and M. gemmulata Kuroda & Habe, 1971 with M. shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960). We also present the following new combinations: Bathymophila bairdii (Dall, 1889), B. dawsoni (Marshall, 1979), B. regalis (Marshall, 1999), B. wanganellica (Marshall, 1999), B. ziczac (Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971), Chonospeira nuda (Dall, 1896), C. iridescens (Habe, 1961), C. ostreion (Vilvens, 2009), C. strobilos (Vilvens, 2009), Elaphriella corona (Lee & Wu, 2001), E. diplax (Marshall, 1999), E. meridiana (Marshall, 1999), E. olivaceostrigata (Schepman, 1908), E. opalina (Shikama & Hayashi, 1977), Ilanga norfolkensis (Marshall, 1999), I. ptykte (Vilvens, 2009), I. zaccaloides (Vilvens, 2009), Minolia shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960), M. watanabei (Shikama, 1962), Phragmomphalina alabida (Marshall, 1979), P. diadema (Marshall, 1999), P. tenuiseptum (Marshall, 1999), Spectamen euteium (Vilvens, 2009), S. basilicum (Marshall, 1999), S. exiguum (Marshall, 1999) and S. flavidum (Marshall, 1999).

scholarly journals Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (35) ◽  
pp. 10989-10994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana D. Barreda ◽  
Luis Palazzesi ◽  
Maria C. Tellería ◽  
Eduardo B. Olivero ◽  
J. Ian Raine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) are the most diverse family of flowering plants. Despite their prominent role in extant terrestrial ecosystems, the early evolutionary history of this family remains poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of a number of fossil pollen grains preserved in dinosaur-bearing deposits from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica that drastically pushes back the timing of assumed origin of the family. Reliably dated to ∼76–66 Mya, these specimens are about 20 million years older than previously known records for the Asteraceae. Using a phylogenetic approach, we interpreted these fossil specimens as members of an extinct early diverging clade of the family, associated with subfamily Barnadesioideae. Based on a molecular phylogenetic tree calibrated using fossils, including the ones reported here, we estimated that the most recent common ancestor of the family lived at least 80 Mya in Gondwana, well before the thermal and biogeographical isolation of Antarctica. Most of the early diverging lineages of the family originated in a narrow time interval after the K/P boundary, 60–50 Mya, coinciding with a pronounced climatic warming during the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene, and the scene of a dramatic rise in flowering plant diversity. Our age estimates reduce earlier discrepancies between the age of the fossil record and previous molecular estimates for the origin of the family, bearing important implications in the evolution of flowering plants in general.

A new family of Laniatores (Arachnida:Opiliones) from the Afrotropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant P. Sharma ◽  
Carlos E. Prieto ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
New Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Among Opiliones, Afrotropical lineages constitute some of the least studied groups in comparison with those endemic to other biogeographic provinces. Based upon morphological evidence, we erect Pyramidopidae, fam. nov. to distinguish a group of Laniatores from the family Phalangodidae. We review evidence from recent molecular phylogenetic studies that corroborate the independence of Pyramidopidae, fam. nov. from previously described families and support its sister relationship to another largely Afrotropical group, the family Assamiidae. The monotypic genus Maiorerus Rambla, 1993 is transferred to Pyramidopidae, fam. nov. The new family comprises 12 genera geographically restricted to Africa and the adjacent Canary Islands. Interfamilial relationships of the derived Laniatores are discussed in the context of gross and genitalic morphology.

On the status of the snake genera Erythrolamprus Boie, Liophis Wagler and Lygophis Fitzinger (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2173 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE F. CURCIO ◽  
VÍTOR DE Q. PIACENTINI ◽  
DANIEL S. FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Subject

The genus Erythrolamprus Boie (1826) comprises six species of Central and South American false coral snakes (Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Zaher 1999; Curcio et al. 2009). It is traditionally allocated in the tribe Xenodontini (subfamily Xenodontinae), along with the genera Liophis, Lystrophis, Umbrivaga, Waglerophis and Xenodon (sensu Dixon 1980; Cadle 1984; Myers 1986; Ferrarezzi 1994; Zaher 1999). Although Xenodontini is supported by morphological and molecular evidence, phylogenetic relationships and classification within the tribe have been the subject of recent debate. Molecular phylogenetic studies have recovered clades with Erythrolamprus nested within some representatives of the genus Liophis (Vidal et al. 2000; Zaher et al. 2009), partly corroborating previous hypotheses based on morphology (e.g. Dixon 1980).

scholarly journals Taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in Succisa and Succisella

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya M. Tsymbalyuk ◽  
Sergei L. Mosyakin ◽  
Lyudmila M. Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Pollen morphology of representatives of the genera Succisa and Succisella in the flora of Ukraine was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains in both taxa were tricolpate, prolate, rarely oblate-spheroidal or spheroidal; large-sized. Their outline in polar view was subcircular, rarely trilobate, in equatorial view elliptical or rarely circular. Colpi short, of variable width, margins irregular with distinct, narrow margo, and blunt or acute ends. Exine sculpture was echinate-microechinate. The revealed characteristics of pollen grains are taxonomically significant at the generic and specific levels, and they can be used in pollen analysis. Palynomorphological data are consistent with the results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Data on pollen morphology also confirm taxonomic circumscription of Succiseae V. Mayer & Ehrend. Pollen grains in Succiseae are characterized by a tricolpate aperture type, which was probably ancestral in Dipsacaceae s. str.

scholarly journals عمل المرأة المسلمة وآثاره على الأسرة والمجتمع، وأثره على أحقيتها في المال المشترك

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 2189-245
Author(s):  
Mona Mahmod Farid Ahmed Ghaly
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Marital Disputes ◽  
Woman's Work ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Humanitarian Work

This research deals with the work of the Muslim wife, and the consequent disagreement between the spouses regarding it and the salary of the wife, and her entitlement to the joint money. This is because there is an urgent need at this time to rooting the saying about this issue, given the rapid developments that characterize this age. As the current life has made the exit of women to work essential in light of complex social and economic conditions, this issue has become one of the most serious issues that cause conflict and discord between spouses. The research uncovered the origin of marital disputes that may occur due to the wife's work and salary, and the money earned during marriage, and I followed the comparative analytical inductive approach in it. She divided it into an introduction, a preface - in which it clarified the objectives of Islamic law in marriage - and three topics: the first presented the rights and duties of the spouses, while the second came to explain the impact of a woman’s work on the family and society, then she allocated the third to the effect of her work on her entitlement to joint money. The research concluded that knowing the two parties to the marital relationship of each of their rights and duties works to stabilize the spouses, and defuse the discord and conflict between them. Women and men are partners in the architecture of human life and succession on earth. The woman is the basis of the family, the family is the most important human institution, and the good of society is subordinate to the good of the family. The more a society is based on respect and appreciation for women, the easier it will be in establishing their rights and the further from harming them. Good cohabitation requires that the wife not do anything except with the consent of her husband, and on top of those matters is her going out to work. The development occurred - negatively or positively - in Muslim societies led to the mixing of the spouses' money. The wife's contribution to her financial and intangible effort is the motivation behind establishing her share in the joint money. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the work be undertaken to restore the correct religious concepts to society, as the man learns fatherly experiences and the experiences of living within the family, and Islam's honor to women in order to eliminate the tendencies to reduce them and their humanitarian work. Women are made aware that work is not limited to material work with pay only, and that motherhood is the ultimate in work. Limiting the issuance of public fatwas regarding the wife’s work and salary, and looking at the outcome of judgments, and the purposes of Sharia when issuing a fatwa in which no Sharia text is mentioned. Fiqh councils and the role of fatwas should bring the reality on the table to research and fatwa. The use of reason and not rigidity on the rulings decided by our venerable jurists, as long as it does not deny an opinion on the subject of Ijtihad.

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