scholarly journals High rates of sexually transmissible infections in HIV-positive patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database: a prospective cohort study

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Mulhall ◽  
Stephen Wright ◽  
Debbie Allen ◽  
Katherine Brown ◽  
Bridget Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Observational Database ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men

Background In HIV-positive people, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) probably increase the infectiousness of HIV. Methods: In 2010, we established a cohort of individuals (n = 554) from clinics in the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). We calculated retrospective rates for four STIs for 2005–10 and prospective incidence rates for 2010–11. Results: At baseline (2010), patient characteristics were similar to the rest of AHOD. Overall incidence was 12.5 per 100 person-years. Chlamydial infections increased from 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–5.7) in 2005 to 6.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.5–9.5) in 2011, peaking in 2010 (8.1 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6–11.2). Cases were distributed among rectal (61.9%), urethral (34%) and pharyngeal (6.3%) sites. Gonococcal infections increased, peaking in 2010 (4.7 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6–11.2; Ptrend = 0.0099), distributed among rectal (63.9%), urethral (27.9%) and pharyngeal (14.8%) sites. Syphilis showed several peaks, the largest in 2008 (5.3 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 3.3–8.0); the overall trend was not significant (P = 0.113). Genital warts declined from 7.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.8–11.3) in 2005 to 2.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.1–4.5) in 2011 (Ptrend = 0.0016). Conclusions: For chlamydial and gonococcal infections, incidence was higher than previous Australian estimates among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, increasing during 2005–2011. Rectal infections outnumbered infections at other sites. Syphilis incidence remained high but did not increase; that of genital warts was lower and decreased.

scholarly journals Association between functional mitral regurgitation and recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110143
Author(s):  
Fusheng Ke ◽  
Yinhui Huang ◽  
Zhexiu Jin ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Qiang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effect of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) on recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods This prospective cohort study comprised 107 patients with PAF. The patients were divided into the FMR and non-FMR groups. FMR was assessed by Doppler echocardiography before index ablation. All patients initially underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) and were followed up for 12 months after ablation. PAF, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter served as the endpoint indicator. Results The median duration of PAF was 24 (3–60) months. Binary logistic univariate and multivariate analyses showed that FMR was not a risk factor for recurrence of catheter ablation for PAF (hazard ratio=0.758, 95% confidence interval: 0.191–3.004; hazard ratio=0.665, 95% confidence interval: 0.134–3.300, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the groups. Fifteen (15/107, 14%) cases of PAF were triggered by the pulmonary vein. Three (3/107, 2.8%) cases of PAF were triggered by the superior vena cava. Conclusions FMR is not an independent risk factor for predicting recurrence of catheter ablation for PAF. FMR does not affect patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for PAF.

Effectiveness of the WHO/UNICEF guidelines on infant feeding for HIV-positive women: results from a prospective cohort study in South Africa

AIDS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Doherty ◽  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Debra Jackson ◽  
Ameena Goga ◽  
Mark Colvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Triple site sexually transmitted infection testing as a crucial component of surveillance for men who have sex with men: A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110474
Author(s):  
Roy Zucker ◽  
Michael Gaisa ◽  
Keith Sigel ◽  
Ilan Singer ◽  
Amos Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Sex With Men

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are common among men who have sex with men (MSM). Many oropharyngeal and anorectal infections remain asymptomatic. We aimed to evaluate triple-site screening following PrEP introduction. We enrolled a prospective cohort study including 210 asymptomatic MSM during 2019–2020, analyzed by groups: HIV positive (HIV+), HIV−uninfected using PrEP (HIV−/PrEP+), or HIV-uninfected not using PrEP (HIV−/PrEP−). A self-administered questionnaire captured demographic information and sexual risk-taking behaviors. CT/NG testing results were compared between study groups and predictors of infection were evaluated. We included 59 HIV+, 70 HIV−/PrEP+, and 81 HIV−/PrEP− subjects. 30% ( n = 62) of participants tested positive for CT/NG. HIV−/PrEP+ group had highest proportion of infections ( n = 33, 47%) followed by HIV−/PrEP− ( n = 16, 22%) and HIV+ ( n=13, 20%; p < .001). Importantly, 98% (80/82) of pharyngeal/anorectal CT/NG infections were missed in genitourinary tract screening alone. PrEP use and previous syphilis infection were the strongest risk factor for CT/NG. Extra-genital asymptomatic CT/NG infections were prevalent among MSM. These data highlight the importance of routine extra-genital CT/NG testing in asymptomatic sexually active MSM. The study describes the consequences for three-site testing lack of implementation in the PrEP era.

scholarly journals A Prospective Cohort Study of Fertility Desire, Unprotected Sex, and Detectable Viral Load in HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate S. Wilson ◽  
George Wanje ◽  
Linnet Masese ◽  
Jane M. Simoni ◽  
Juma Shafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Fertility Desire

scholarly journals Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C Antvorskov ◽  
Thorhallur I Halldorsson ◽  
Knud Josefsen ◽  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
Charlotta Granström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Food Frequency

Abstract Objective To examine the association between prenatal gluten exposure and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes in humans. Design National prospective cohort study. Setting National health information registries in Denmark. Participants Pregnant Danish women enrolled into the Danish National Birth Cohort, between January 1996 and October 2002, Main outcome measures Maternal gluten intake, based on maternal consumption of gluten containing foods, was reported in a 360 item food frequency questionnaire at week 25 of pregnancy. Information on type 1 diabetes occurrence in the participants’ children, from 1 January 1996 to 31 May 2016, were obtained through registry linkage to the Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes. Results The study comprised 101 042 pregnancies in 91 745 women, of whom 70 188 filled out the food frequency questionnaire. After correcting for multiple pregnancies, pregnancies ending in abortions, stillbirths, lack of information regarding the pregnancy, and pregnancies with implausibly high or low energy intake, 67 565 pregnancies (63 529 women) were included. The average gluten intake was 13.0 g/day, ranging from less than 7 g/day to more than 20 g/day. The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in the cohort was 0.37% (n=247) with a mean follow-up period of 15.6 years (standard deviation 1.4). Risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring increased proportionally with maternal gluten intake during pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.001 to 1.72) per 10 g/day increase of gluten). Women with the highest gluten intake versus those with the lowest gluten intake (≥20 v <7 g/day) had double the risk of type 1 diabetes development in their offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 4.00)). Conclusions High gluten intake by mothers during pregnancy could increase the risk of their children developing type 1 diabetes. However, confirmation of these findings are warranted, preferably in an intervention setting.

scholarly journals Increase in recreational drug use between 2008‐2018: results from a prospective cohort study among HIV‐negative men who have sex with men

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Coyer ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Udi Davidovich ◽  
Ward P. H. Bilsen ◽  
Maria Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative
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