Ammonia volatilisation from nitrogen fertilisers surface-applied to bare fallows, wheat crops and perennial-grass-based pastures on Vertosols

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
William Manning ◽  
Bruce M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Bare Fallow

Farmers on Vertosols in the northern grains region of Australia are increasingly using pre-crop broadcasting and in-crop topdressing of nitrogen (N) fertilisers. Surface application risks gaseous loss via ammonia volatilisation, but the magnitude of N loss is unknown. Because both soil properties and environmental conditions influence ammonia volatilisation, measurements need to be field-based and non-intrusive, e.g. micrometeorological. We used an integrated horizontal flux technique to measure ammonia volatilised from neutral to alkaline Vertosols for a month after the application of several fertiliser products in 10 bare-fallow paddocks, seven mid-tillering wheat crops, and two perennial-grass-based pastures. Ammonia loss from urea averaged 11% (5.4–19%) when applied to fallow paddocks, 4.8% (3.1–7.6%) when applied to wheat, and 27% when applied to pasture. Volatilisation from urea applied to pastures was high, because there was little rain after spreading. Losses from ammonium sulfate applied to pastures were >60% less than from urea. Nitrogen losses from ammonium sulfate were high (18.6–33.8%) from soils with >10 g 100 g–1 of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), but were 52% less than from urea at five of eight fallow paddocks on non-calcareous soils, and 76% less than from urea at the two pasture paddocks. Coating urea with N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide reduced ammonia loss at just two of eight fallow paddocks and one of three in-crop paddocks. Ammonia volatilisation from aqueous solutions of urea, urea ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate were either less than or no different from losses from granulated urea, but not consistent. With the exception of ammonium sulfate applied to soils with >10 g 100 g–1 of CaCO3, surface application of N fertiliser during autumn–winter on cropped Vertosols in the Australian northern grains region does not lead to major N loss via ammonia volatilisation.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilisation from urease inhibitor-treated urea applied to sugarcane trash blankets

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Teodoro Leonardo Michelucci Contin ◽  
Fábio Luis Ferreira Dias ◽  
Raffaella Rossetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Set Up ◽  
N Use

Legal restrictions from burning sugarcane prior to harvest are causing a sharp increase in acreage which is harvested as green cane. The presence of a thick sugarcane trash mulch left after harvest makes it difficult to incorporate fertilisers in the soil. Since large losses of ammonia may occur when urea is surface applied to trash, it is important to find ways to improve urea-N use efficiency. The urease inhibitor NBPT slows down urea hydrolysis and thus may help decrease ammonia losses. Ammonia traps were set up in seven sugarcane fields covered with trash and fertilised with ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, urea, and NBPT-treated urea. All N fertilisers were surface-applied at rates of 80 or 100 kg N ha-1. Very little N was lost when ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate were used. However, volatilisation losses as ammonia from the urea treatments varied from 1% (rainy days after fertilisation) to 25% of the applied N. The percentage of reduction in volatilisation due to NBPT application ranged from 15% to 78% depending on the weather conditions during the days following application of N. Addition of NBPT to urea helped to control ammonia losses, but the inhibitor was less effective when rain sufficient to incorporate urea into the soil occurred only 10 to 15 days or latter after fertiliser application.

Mitigation of ammonia volatilisation from urea with micronised sulfur applied to common bean

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Danilo Silva Almeida ◽  
Cleiton José Alves ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Evelin Oliveira Krebsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation ◽  
Sulfate Application ◽  
Urea Granules

Urea with micronised sulfur (S) in granules may result in lower nitrogen (N) depletion through ammoniacal N (NH3-N) loss than conventional urea due to the acidification reaction of S near urea granules in soil, and the addition of S to the urea may provide a limiting nutrient in tropical soils. The research objectives were to (1) verify whether urea containing micronised S (urea+S) can mitigate NH3-N volatilisation in comparison to conventional urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate; and (2) evaluate the efficiency of N and S sources for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on coarse-, medium-, and fine-textured soil. The results showed that ~90% of NH3-N volatilisation occurred during the first 14 days after application. The blend of elemental sulfur and sulfate in urea reduces the loss of N by NH3-N volatilisation compared with regular urea but not enough to achieve the low volatilisation as observed for ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate application. Despite the differences in the leaf N and S concentration and bean yield components, no differences were observed among N sources in grain yield in general.

Internal mixing of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 899-900
Author(s):  
Harry M. Ten Brink ◽  
Pauline Dougle ◽  
Arja Even
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Internal Mixing

Utilization of the By-Products for Simultaneous Purification of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide in Bio-Trickling Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1220-1223
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhou ◽  
Ping Zou ◽  
Pei Shi Sun ◽  
Xiao Yi Bi ◽  
Yong Yang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
By Products

The potential of using the waste from simultaneous NOx and SO2 purification bio-trickling process to leach copper ore and to make fertilizer was investigated. It was found there were two main exhausted by-products in the purification process: the acidic liquid in desulfurization tower and the alkalescent liquid in denitrogenation tower. Through operation of leaching the oxide ore sample containing 2.58% copper by the acidic liquid, the effective grade of the metal to be extracted reached 28.37% by weight. With adding proportional dose of ammonia into the alkalescent liquid or the acidic liquid and going through evaporation and concentration, crystal products of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate were generated, which can be used in fertilizer manufacturing.

INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen

scholarly journals Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)’da Farklı Azotlu Gübre Formlarının Etkinliği

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Kara ◽  
Fatoş Güllü Çelebi ◽  
Nimet Kara ◽  
Bekir Atar
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Positive Effect

The research was carried out with aim to determination the efficient of nitrogen forms (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea) on nitrogen use efficient for buckwheat in Isparta during 2014 and 2015 years. All the examined characteristics were determined higher values in applied nitrogen forms according to non-nitrogen parcel. In compared to nitrogen forms, the highest grain yield (1456 and 1325 kg ha-1), biological yield (4873 and 4512 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (24.9 and 24.8 g), agronomic efficient (24.96% and 24.25%), recycling efficient (0.24% and 0.22%) and utilization efficient (0.25% and 0.18%) were obtained from ammonium sulfate, the highest protein content (11.37% and 12.44%) and agro-physiological efficient (0.27% and 0.24%) from ammonium nitrate in both years. Among the nitrogen forms weren’t significant differently in physiological efficient in both years, recycling and utilization efficient in the first year. The mineral nutrient content varied according to nitrogen forms. Generally, ammonium sulfate was positive effect to yield and some quality parameters.

scholarly journals Ammonia Volatilization, Forage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of Marandu Palisade Grass Pastures in Different N Sources and Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in ammonia (NH3) losses from volatilization has significant implications in forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and four doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) on N losses by NH3 volatilization, accumulation, and forage chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu. Two field experiments were conducted to measure NH3 losses using semi-open chambers. The forage accumulation and chemical composition were evaluated in the third experiment; the response variables included forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Compared to urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate reduced NH3 losses by 84% and 87% and increased total forage accumulation by 14% and 23%, respectively. Forage accumulation rate and CP increased linearly with the N levels, while NDF contents decreased linearly with the N levels. In both experiments, NH3 losses and forage characteristics were different according to the rainfall pattern and temperature variations. Our results indicate that the use of nitric and ammoniacal fertilizers and the application of fertilizer in the rainy season constitute an efficient fertilizer management strategy to increase forage yield and decrease losses from volatilization of NH3.

scholarly journals Adjuvant Effects on Imazethapyr, 2,4-D and Picloram Absorption by Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mack Thompson ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Adjuvant Effects

Laboratory experiments were conducted to identify adjuvants that improve absorption of imazethapyr, 2,4-D amine, and picloram by leafy spurge. Adjuvants (0.25% v/v) included crop oil concentrate (COC), methylated seed oil (MSO), nonionic surfactant (NIS), organosilicones (Silwet L-77®, Sylgard® 309, Silwet® 408), 3:1 mixtures of acetylinic diol ethoxylates (ADE40, ADE65, ADE85) with Silwet L-77, ammonium sulfate (2.5 kg ha−1), and 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 2.5% v/v). Adjuvants were combined with14C-herbicide and commercially formulated herbicide product. Leaves were harvested 2 DAT, rinsed with 10% aqueous methanol to remove surface deposits of herbicide, and dipped in 9:1 hexane:acetone to solubilize cuticular waxes. Imazethapyr absorption increased by 38 to 68% when UAN was combined with COC, NIS, or MSO. Total absorption of imazethapyr plus COC, MSO, or NIS exceeded 86% 2 DAT when UAN was added. Urea ammonium nitrate reduced the amount of imazethapyr associated with the cuticular wax by 2.0%. Imazethapyr absorption was similar on both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface when UAN was not added; however, 12% more imazethapyr was absorbed from the abaxial leaf surface than from the adaxial leaf surface when UAN was combined with Sylgard 309. Uptake of 2,4-D ranged from 54 to 78% and was greatest with Silwet 408 and 3:1 mixture of ADE40: Silwet L-77. Picloram absorption ranged from 3 to 19%. Buffering picloram treatment solutions to pH 7 and including 2.5 kg ha-1ammonium sulfate increased picloram absorption to 37%.

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