Behaviour of urea and ammonium sulfate fertilizers and their N uptake relationships in calcareous soils

The feasibility of using legume leys to redress declining levels of soil nitrogen (N) fertility on the heavy clay Vertisols of the northern Australian grain belt depends partly on the ability of plant residues to supply N directly to subsequent cereal crops. An alternative is the use of fertiliser N in continuous cereal cropping. Two experiments were conducted (one in the field, the other under polyhouse conditions) to compare the uptake of N from either plant residues or ammonium sulfate fertiliser that had been labelled with 15N. In a field trial, 15N-labelled shoots of grain sorghum and Desmanthus virgatus and ammonium sulfate were applied to micro-plots and the flux of the added N between different soil pools and a wheat crop was followed over 219 days. Only small amounts of residue-derived N (<5%) were recovered in the mineral N of the soil at a depth of 0-10 cm, whereas over 88% of the fertiliser N was present as mineral N soon after adding the fertiliser. Soil microbial biomass-N was increased following addition of residues. Recovery of added 15N in the wheat crop was much higher from the fertiliser (35%) than from the 2 residue sources (<5%). The pot trial compared a wider range of 15N-labelled residues (shoot and root residues of Desmanthus virgatus, Lablab purpureus, and sorghum) with several rates of ammonium sulfate, applied in the presence and absence of non-labelled grain sorghum residues, over 4 cropping cycles. Dry matter production and N uptake were increased by application of fertiliser N, although the response was reduced in the presence of non-labelled sorghum residues; responses to residue N were much smaller than those to fertiliser N. In the first crop following residue application <7% of residue N was recovered, increasing to 12-23% over the 4 crops. Recovery of fertiliser N by the crops increased with the rate of application, and also depended on whether it was applied together with residues. A feature of the results, in both the field and pot experiments, was the large proportion of applied 15N that could not be accounted for in either the soil or the crops, and these losses have been attributed to denitrification.

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Onion response to ammoniated peat and ammonium sulfate in relation to ammonium toxicity

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss95-038 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 261-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Abbès ◽

L. E. Parent ◽

A. Karam ◽

D. Isfan

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Root Growth ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Soil Type ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Ammonium Toxicity ◽

Water Influx ◽

Root Growth Rate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intermediate to high rates of granulated mineral or organo-mineral fertilizers on onion N uptake, nutrient balance, root growth and water influx. Ammonium sources were ammoniated peat (AP), ammonium sulfate (AS) and peat treated with ammonium sulfate (PAS). Onion was grown for 84 d in four soils at five N levels under growth-chamber conditions. Root length, N uptake, and root growth rate were influenced significantly by soil type, N source and N rate and were highest with 133 and 266 mg N kg−1 on loamy soils. On a sandy soil, maximum N uptake was obtained with 133 mg N kg−1. Water influx was influenced significantly by soil type and N application rate and reached its maximum value with 133 mg N kg−1. AP produced the greatest N uptake, root length and root growth rate. Except in the sandy soil, the highest water uptake was also obtained with AP. Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) indicated that plants fertilized with AP achieved a more adequate nutrient balance (or the lowest d value) over a larger range of N rates (133–266 mg N kg−1) than AS and PAS. AP, thus, attenuated ammonium toxicity to the crop more than AS and PAS. At AP rates exceeding 266 mg N kg−1, CND indicated a nutrient imbalance involving P or K deficiency. Key words:Allium cepa L., ammoniated peat, compositional nutrient diagnosis, root growth, water influx

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The effect of stubble management on the availability of 15N-labelled residual fertilizer nitrogen and crop stubble nitrogen in an irrigated black earth

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9860099 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

PJ White ◽

I Vallis ◽

PG Saffigna

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Yields ◽

N Uptake ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Total N ◽

Stubble Retention ◽

Residual Fertilizer N ◽

Subtropical Environment

Field experiments on an irrigated alkaline black earth soil of the Darling Downs, south-east Queensland, examined transformations of nitrogen (N) and its subsequent availability for the growth of wheat after stubble had been removed, mulched or incorporated. Two crop sequences were used: sorghum-3- month fallow-wheat (S-W); and wheat-7-month fallow-wheat (W-W). The crops were grown in microplots enclosed by steel cylinders (75 cm diam. and 35 cm deep) to a depth of 30 cm. For the initial crop, some plots were fertilized with l5N-labelled ammonium sulfate and others with unlabelled ammonium sulfate (50 kg N/ha). After harvest of the initial crop, labelled stubble was added to unlabelled soil, either as a mulch or incorporated, and unlabelled stubble was similarly added to soil labelled with residual 15N from the fertilizer application. Uptake of 15N by a test wheat crop and distribution of 15N in the soil-plant system were then determined. In the test crop fertilized with unlabelled urea (50 kg N/ha), incorporation of stubble depressed plant growth and N uptake by 35% in the S-W sequence but had no effect in the W-W sequence. Residual fertilizer 15N in the soil was more available to the test crop than was 15N in retained stubble (6 v. 2% and 12 v. 6% for the S-W and W-W sequences respectively). However, the test crop obtained only 0.9-1.2% of its total N uptake from residual fertilizer N and 0.4-2.9% from the stubble of the initial crop. The effects of stubble management on the availability of N from these two sources were small. If suitable rates of N fertilizer are applied, it is unlikely that crop yields will be adversely affected by stubble retention in this subtropical environment.

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Effects of Atmospheric Ammonium Sulfate on Calcareous and Non-Calcareous Soils of Woodlands in the Netherlands

Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-6983-4_13 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 171-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

N. van Breemen ◽

E. R. Jordens

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Calcareous Soils

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Soil Properties for Predicting Soil Mineral Nitrogen Dynamics Throughout a Wheat Growing Cycle in Calcareous Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8120303 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Aranguren ◽

Ana Aizpurua ◽

Ander Castellón ◽

Gerardo Besga ◽

Nerea Villar

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

N Uptake ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Mineral N ◽

Wheat Growth

A better understanding of the capacity of soils to supply nitrogen (N) to wheat can enhance fertilizer recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess the soil mineral N (Nmin) dynamics throughout the wheat growing season in crucial stages for the plant yield and grain protein content (GPC). To this aim, we evaluated the utility of different soil properties analyzed before sowing: (i) commonly used soil physicochemical properties, (ii) potentially mineralizable N or No (aerobic incubation), and (iii) different extraction methods for estimating No. A greenhouse experiment was established using samples from 16 field soils from northern Spain. Wheat N uptake and soil Nmin concentrations were determined at following growing stages (GS): sowing, GS30, GS37, GS60, harvest, post-harvest, and pre-sowing. Pearson’s correlation analysis of the soil properties, aerobic incubations and chemical extractions with the soil Nmin dynamics and N uptake, yield and GPC was performed. In addition, correlations were performed between Nmin and the N uptake, yield, and GPC. The dynamics of soil Nmin throughout the cropping season were variable, and thus, the crop N necessities were variable. The soil Nmin values in the early wheat growth stages were well correlated with the yield, and in the late stages, they were well correlated with GPC. N0 was correlated with the late N uptake and GPC. However, the chemical methods that avoid the long periods required for N0 determinations were not correlated with the N uptake in the late wheat growth stages or GPC. Conversely, clay was positively correlated with the late Nmin values and GPC. Chemical methods were unable to estimate the available soil N in the later stages of the growing cycle. Consequently, as incubation methods are too laborious for their widespread use, further research must be conducted.

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UPTAKE OF 15N-LABELLED UREA AND 32P-LABELLED PHOSPHATE FROM ACID-BASED UREA PHOSPHATE AND GRANULAR FERTILIZERS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss86-020 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 189-193

Author(s):

J. B. BOLE

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

P Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Urea Phosphate

The availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer products labelled with both 32P and 15N was measured in a growth chamber experiment. The uptake of N and P by soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a solution of acid urea phosphate fertilizer did not differ significantly from that of a mixture of granular urea and monammonium phosphate fertilizer. The fertilizer-P uptake efficiency of both sources was higher in a neutral soil than in acid or calcareous soils. Banding either fertilizer increased the uptake of fertilizer P compared with sources mixed with the soil, but did not significantly affect fertilizer-N uptake. The increase in fertilizer-P efficiency due to banding was significantly greater for the urea-monammonium phosphate than for the acid urea phosphate solution. Banding fertilizer did not increase the uptake of fertilizer P in the calcareous soil, and decreased the uptake of fertilizer N in that soil compared with mixed treatments. It is suggested that soluble Ca formed from the reaction of acid with naturally occurring lime may have reduced the availability of fertilizer P in the band. Key words: Acid fertilizers, monoammonium phosphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, urea phosphate

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Effects of drain depth of vertisols, nitrogen source and time of application on nutrient uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in Western Ethiopia

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v7i1.33314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tadesse Debele ◽

Birhanu Iticha

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Research Centre ◽

Time Of Application ◽

N Source ◽

Key Factor ◽

Western Ethiopia

Nitrogen is the most limiting plant nutrient in Vertisols in western Ethiopia. Vertisols properties and management factors as well as fertilizer source and time of application could influence nutrient uptake by crops. With this view, a field study was conducted at Ambo Agriculture Research Centre experimental site during the main cropping season of 2013- 2014, with the aim to determine interactive effects of drain depth of Vertisols, N source and time of N application on nutrient uptake by maize. Treatments comprised five drain depths (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and two timings of N applications (twice and thrice). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Result showed that there was significant interactions effect of drain depths, N source and time of application on the concentration of nutrients in the grain and stover. The NH4-N uptake by maize was found to be significantly better than NO3-N utilization by maize. Grain and stover uptake of N, P and K by maize increased with drain depth and thrice split application of ammonium sulfate. It is concluded that draining off excess soil water from the rhizosphere is the key factor in improving nutrient uptake by maize in Vertisols in Ambo area.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 1-7, June, 2017

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Effect of Microbial Inoculants on Uptake of Nutrient Elements in Two Cultivars of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Saline Soils

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb234678 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mostafa SHIRMARDI ◽

Gholam Reza SAVAGHEBI ◽

Kazem KHAVAZI ◽

Ali AKBARZADEH ◽

Mohsen FARAHBAKHSH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

N Uptake ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Nutrient Elements ◽

Microbial Inoculants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Factorial Trial ◽

Four Levels

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the interactive effects of microbial inoculants on uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) in two cultivars of sunflower. The trials were carried out on saline (EC = 7.6 dS m-1) calcareous soils taken from Eshtehard (Karaj) region of Iran. In a factorial trial and completely randomized design (CRD), three levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants (non inoculation, inoculation withGlomus etunicatum and Glomus intradices) and four levels of Pseudomonas fluorescensinoculants (non inoculation and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 4, 9, 12) in two cultivars of sunflower with four replications per treatments were applied. Results revealed that all of the treatments increased the N uptake in Euroflor cultivar. Moreover, in Euroflor cultivar, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 9 and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 4 and Glomus intradices made a significant different in phosphorous uptake, while did not make any significant change in the Master cultivar. However, bacterial and fungal treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased uptake of micro nutrients such as Fe, Zn and Mn.

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FATE OF APPLIED NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON OREGON CRANBERRIES.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1148c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1148c-1148

Author(s):

Kris L. Wilder ◽

J. M. Hart ◽

Arthur Poole ◽

David D. Myrold

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Root Zone ◽

N Uptake ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

N Leaching ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Vegetative Biomass ◽

Initial Results

Little work has been done to establish the rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer applications to optimize return from fertilizer expenditures and minimize potential for ground and surface water pollution in Oregon cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Predicting cranberry N requirements is difficult because cranberries require little N and soil tests for N are not helpful for perennial crops, especially when grown in shallow sandy soils. We used 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate to measure both plant uptake and movement of fertilizer N in a south coastal Oregon cranberry bed. A bed planted to the Stevens variety was fertilized with 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate at two rates (18 kg/ha and 36 kg/ha) applied at five phonological stages: popcorn, hook, flowering, early bud, and late bud. Plant N uptake and translocation were measured throughout the growing season in uprights, flowers, berries, and roots, Initial results indicate that when N was applied at popcorn stage approximately 12% of the N was present in the above-ground vegetative biomass at harvest. Incorporation of fertilizer N into the duff and mineral soil was measured. An estimate of fertilizer N leaching was made by trapping inorganic N below the root zone using ion exchange resin bags.

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