Soil structure and stability in the spermosphere of myxosdiaspore chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Amato ◽  
Rocco Bochicchio ◽  
Giacomo Mele ◽  
Rosanna Labella ◽  
Roberta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Structure And Stability ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Mucilage produced by myxodiaspores has been mainly studied for its role in seed ecology. This work investigates changes due to mucilage in soil structure and stability in the spermosphere of the myxodiaspore crop chia (Salvia hispanica L.). In sandy-loam (S) repacked soil sown with chia and subjected to wetting–drying (DW), Computer Assisted X-ray micro tomography showed that extrusion of a mucilage capsule formed a pore of volume twice that of the seed, surrounded by a shell of particles with higher porosity and lower pore size than the bulk soil. In three soils (S; loam, L; and clay-loam, C) the aggregate stability index to wet sieving (Stw) decreased with one and two DW cycles. Application of 2% w/w mucilage increased Stw before and after DW, from 29% in C to more than 60-fold in S. Mucilage-amended samples after DW had higher or equal Stw compared with unamended soil before DW. Soil retained at the surface of hydrated diaspores exposed to water flow changed with soil texture (11.3, 90.5 and 91.7mg on each hydrated seed for S, L and C respectively) and chia genotype (6.7, 9.9 and 12.8mg per hydrated seed in BC and G8 long-day flowering mutants and commercial Black chia respectively). Our results showed that myxodiaspores affected soil structure by providing a microenvironment of altered porosity and high stability around the mucilage capsule extruded by the hydrated seed. This finding characterises a transient but crucial time of crop production around sowing when physical properties of soil surrounding seeds are relevant to stability, germination and plant–microorganism relations.

Mucilage from fruits/seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) improves soil aggregate stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 425 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Di Marsico ◽  
Laura Scrano ◽  
Rosanna Labella ◽  
Virginia Lanzotti ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

scholarly journals Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio R. Nunes ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen ◽  
Thomas B. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability

Tillage intensity affects soil structure in many ways but the magnitude and type (+/−) of change depends on site-specific (e.g., soil type) and experimental details (crop rotation, study length, sampling depth, etc.). This meta-analysis examines published effects of chisel plowing (CP), no-tillage (NT) and perennial cropping systems (PER) relative to moldboard plowing (MP) on three soil structure indicators: wet aggregate stability (AS), bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance (PR). The data represents four depth increments (from 0 to >40-cm) in 295 studies from throughout the continental U.S. Overall, converting from MP to CP did not affect those soil structure indicators but reducing tillage intensity from MP to NT increased AS in the surface (<15-cm) and slightly decreased BD and PR below 25-cm. The largest positive effect of NT on AS was observed within Inceptisols and Entisols after a minimum of three years. Compared to MP, NT had a minimal effect on soil compaction indicators (BD and PR) but as expected, converting from MP to PER systems improved soil structure at all soil depths (0 to >40-cm). Among those three soil structure indicators, AS was the most sensitive to management practices; thus, it should be used as a physical indicator for overall soil health assessment. In addition, based on this national meta-analysis, we conclude that reducing tillage intensity improves soil structure, thus offering producers assurance those practices are feasible for crop production and that they will also help sustain soil resources.

Effect of persistent water cover on soil structure, investigated on representative Hungarian soil samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Labancz ◽  
András Sebők ◽  
Imre Czinkota ◽  
Tamás Szegi ◽  
András Makó
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Laser Diffractometry ◽  
Water Cover

&lt;p&gt;Today, due to climate change, soil degradation processes related to extreme water supply situations (flood, inland water or drought) are occurring more and more frequently. Soil structure is one of the most important soil characteristics influencing many transport of materials (transport, storage of heat, gas, water and nutrients).Furthermore, it defines and ultimately determines the significant physical, chemical and biological processes involved and also the most important factor in agricultural crop production. Permanent water cover has a significant effect on soil structure, but the dynamics of disaggregation and the role of the soil factors influencing it is not yet fully understood. Our basic research aim is to investigate the effect of permanent water cover on soil structure on representative Hungarian soil samples. In our experiment, we sought to find the answer to the question of how long-term water coverage causes changes and damage to the soil structure under laboratory conditions by artificial water cover. We measured aggregate stability with Mastersizer 3000 Hydro LV laser diffractometry device and some soil chemistry parameters with Agilent 4210 MP-AES at different water cover times (selected in the literature). Based on experiences the effect of persistent water cover from the soil structure side can be most noticeable in the changes of macro- and microaggregate stability, as well as in the change of certain chemical parameters (e.g. calcium and iron content), thus, the aim of our research was to investigate these characteristics also. After compiling our results in a database, we evaluated and deduced statistical data on the long-term degradation effects of water cover. We also made an attempt to describe its disaggregation dynamics for different Hungarian soil types. Based on the results, we have selected the most sensitive soils for permanent water cover, which are also expected to be sensitive to extreme water management related to climate change.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effective hydraulic conductivity and its relationship with the other attributes of Cerrado soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Edwaldo D. Bocuti ◽  
Ricardo S. S. Amorim ◽  
Luis A. Di L. Di Raimo ◽  
Wellington de A. Magalhães ◽  
Emílio C. de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Effective Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Attributes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity of six areas located in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and to identify physical attributes of soils with potential for predicting effective hydraulic conductivity. The tests to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity were carried out in six areas, covering the textural classes sand, sandy loam and clay, and the following uses: pasture, Cerrado and agriculture. Particle size, sand fractionation, total carbon content, degree of clay flocculation, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, mean weight diameter, mean geometric diameter and aggregate stability index were determined. From the data, statistical analyses of contrasts were performed by the Kruskal - Wallis test, and simple Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined between variables. The average values of effective hydraulic conductivity for the pasture, agriculture and Cerrado areas were 95.73, 27.83 and 48.31 mm h-1, respectively. Higher value of effective hydraulic conductivity was observed in the Pasture area point 2 when compared to the Agriculture area point 2, because the amount of clay determined in Agriculture area was approximately 16 times greater than that of the area Pasture point 2, conditioning lower water infiltration in the soil profile of the area Agriculture point 2. Among the physical attributes analyzed, those with the highest potential for Ke prediction were: clay, silt, sand (coarse, medium and fine), total carbon and aggregate stability index.

scholarly journals Soil structure indices under different tillage systems of sandy loam soil in Hadejia, Jigawa state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. Nabayi ◽  
H.A. Santuraki ◽  
A.H. Girei ◽  
N.G. Hayatu ◽  
F.D. Haruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
Structural Indices

Abstract. Soil structural indices have a significant effect on the nutrients retention and crop yield. Studies on soil structure indices in the semi-arid zone are minimal despite their importance in controlling water and water transmission, root elongation and erosion. A study was conducted in the area of Hadejia to evaluate the influence of tillage systems (TS) and sampling depths on some selected soil structure indices. The TS were four (4); conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), zero tillage (ZT) and chisel plough (CP), while the sampling depths were two – 0-15cm and 15-30cm. Randomised complete block design (RCBD) was used in factorial arrangement. The result showed that the soil is sandy loam in texture irrespective of the TS. Lower dispersion ratio (DR) was observed in ZT with greater aggregate silt + clay (ASC) and water stability index (WSI) which differed significantly (p<0.01) from one another. Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis revealed a significant (p<0.01) positive and negative relationships between organic matter (OM) content of the soil with ASC, WSI and DR, respectively. Negative correlation of OM with DR stressed the significance of OM in decreasing DR of the soil which further explains lower DR by ZT because of greater OM content (p<0.05). Sodium (Na), sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were in the order of RT>ZT>CT>CP with RT having the highest that differed significantly (p<0.05) from other TS. Lower values in CT and CP could be a result of leaching due to the lower surface residues relative to conservational tillage systems. Conclusively, the best tillage systems to improved soil structural indices are conservation tillage (ZT and RT) systems, particularly ZT.

scholarly journals Assessing of soil aggregate stability: the sand-correction and its relevance

2009 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Andrea Huisz
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Matter Addition

Soil structure and changes in its quality caused by Maize stem (1), Wheat straw (2) and Maize stem & wheat straw (3) addition were assessed by three aggregate-stability indices. We observed that the NSI index formula proposed by Six et al. (2000) was nonsensitive to the changes in soil structure caused by the investigated organic matter addition. Furthermore it overestimates the aggregate-stability of the investigated silty sandy loam soil. Therefore we proposed a new modified NSI formula which is sensitive to the questionable treatments and that resulted in a morerealistic NSI data. The most sensitive index to differences of the investigated treatments were the Mean weight diameter (MWD) proposed by van Bavel (1953, in Kemper és Rosneau, 1986).

scholarly journals The aggregate stability of the soil in respect to the uniform aggregate stability indicator

2007 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Andrea Huisz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Wet Sieving

Soil structure and its quality are fundamental properties because they control many processes in soils. Tillage, crop and other factors influence soil structure. Efficient protection of it needs indication of changes in soil structure. A new Normalized Stability Index proposed by Six et al. (2000) tries to evaluate these changes, which was compared with some former used indices. The most common method (wet sieving) was modified to reduce the confounding effects of different particle size distribution of different soil types and method used to the investigation. Changes in soil structure caused by tillage and crop management therefore have been made quantitative and comparable. In this paper, we review the new method and Normalized Stability Index proposed by Six et al. (2000) and present the results of our investigations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Physical Characteristics of Luvisols Under Monoculture of Vines

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Marek Kolenčík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Soil Physical Characteristics

Abstract The physical properties of Luvisols under vineyards of the Nitra wine-growing area (Slovakia) were evaluated in the paper. Soil samples were taken from two selected localities (Nitra - Dražovce, Vráble). The obtained results showed that in the soil profile of Dražovce, the average contents of non-capillary pores, capillary pores and semi-capillary pores to the total porosity were equal to 26.1, 64.4 and 9.4%, respectively, and in the soil profile of Vráble - 22.3, 75.6 and 2.1%, respectively. In the Dražovce locality, the average content of aggregate stability index (Sw) decreased in the following order: abandoned vineyard > grassy strip between the vineyard rows > intensively cultivated rows of vineyard. In contrast, in the Vráble locality, higher average contents of Sw were determined in intensively cultivated rows of vineyard in comparison to grassy strip between the vineyard rows. The lowest average value of vulnerability coefficient (Kv) was observed in abandoned vineyard (Dražovce locality) and in both localities in grassy strip between the vineyard rows. Intensive cultivation of the vineyard rows resulted in higher vulnerability of soil structure. The values of maximum capillary capacity were almost the same in both soil profiles of Luvisols. A higher content of soil moisture was observed in the soil profile in the Vráble locality (33.6±2.50) in comparison to the Dražovce locality (30.6±5.44). Higher content of storage moisture was determined in the Vráble locality (2,684 l m-2) in comparison to the Dražovce locality (2,450 l m-2).

scholarly journals Sludge amendment accelerating reclamation process of reconstructed mining substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Ningning Yin ◽  
Ruiwei Xu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Reclamation Process

AbstractWe constructed a mining soil restoration system combining plant, complex substrate and microbe. Sludge was added to reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) to accelerate the reclamation process. The effect of sludge on plant growth, microbial activity, soil aggregate stability, and aggregation-associated soil characteristics was monitored during 10 years of reclamation. Results show that the height and total biomass of ryegrass increases with reclamation time. Sludge amendment increases the aggregate binding agent content and soil aggregate stability. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and light-fraction SOC (LFOC) in the RMS increase by 151% and 247% compared with those of the control, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). Stable soil aggregate indexes increase until the seventh year. In short, the variables of RMS determined after 3–7 years insignificantly differ from those of the untreated sample in the tenth-year. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between the GRSP and SOC and GRSP and soil structure-related variables were observed in RMS. Biological stimulation of the SOC and GRSP accelerates the recovery of the soil structure and ecosystem function. Consequently, the plant–complex substrate–microbe ecological restoration system can be used as an effective tool in early mining soil reclamation.

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