Warming and nitrogen deposition accelerate soil phosphorus cycling in a temperate meadow ecosystem

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Shiwei Gong ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Jixun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Available P ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Microbial Biomass P ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for living organisms and a major limiting factor in many ecosystems. In recent years, global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition have become increasingly serious, with significant effects on the P cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. A series of studies were carried out on the soil P cycle, but how climate change affects this remains unclear. Field experiments with warming and N addition were implemented since April 2007. Infrared radiators manipulated temperature, and aqueous ammonium nitrate (10 g m–2 year–1) was added to simulate N deposition. Compared with the control, N addition reduced soil total P; warming and N addition decreased soil available P; warming, N addition and warming plus N addition decreased microbial biomass P, but increased litter P; and warming and N addition increased phosphatase activity significantly. Correlation analysis showed that soil total P, available P, microbial biomass P and phosphatase activity were positively correlated with soil temperature and water content. Soil total P was positively correlated with microbial biomass P and phosphatase activity; and available P was positively correlated with microbial biomass P but negatively correlated with litter P. The results showed that warming and N deposition accelerated the soil P cycle by changing soil physical and chemical properties and soil biological activities (microbial and phosphatase activities). However, N addition reduced the capacity of microbes to fix P and reduced microbial biomass P, resulting in losses to the soil P pool, further aggravating P limitation in the Songnen Grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Input in High Phosphorus Soils for Sustainable Agriculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Phuong Thuy ◽  
Nguyen My Hoa ◽  
Warren A. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P ◽  
Bray 1

High rates of phosphorus (P) currently being applied to soils for the production of vegetables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, has led to concern regarding negative effects on the economy and the environment. This research presents a comprehensive study on the determination of P supplying capacity in this region of Vietnam to examine the possibility of reducing P fertilizer input. In total, 120 soil samples were collected to evaluate total P and Bray 1 available P in the soils. Phosphorus maximum sorption, degree of P saturation, P release, and the effect of P fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) yield in greenhouses and fields were also determined. Total P concentrations in 57% of the soil samples evaluated yielded high P concentrations (>560 mg P/kg), while 74% of the samples had high Bray 1 available P concentrations (>20 mg P/kg soil). Maximum P sorption ranged from 149 to 555 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and had negative correlation with available P (r = −0.63*). The percentages of P saturation ranged from 0.63% to 5.5% and correlated with available P (r = 0.98**). Maximum P release ranged from 1.2 to 62 mg P/kg soil, respectively, and correlated with available P (r = 0.96**). Corn grown in soils with available P concentrations >15 mg P/kg did not respond to P fertilizer in greenhouse or field experiments. We conclude that many farmers in this region can reduce P fertilizer input, thus increasing their profits and reducing negative environmental impacts associated with excess soil P for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition Affects Soil Respiration Primarily through Changes in Microbial Community Structure and Biomass in a Subtropical Natural Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacong Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Jinsheng Xie ◽  
Maokui Lyu ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
C Cycling ◽  
Total Plfa

Forest soil respiration plays an important role in global carbon (C) cycling. Owing to the high degree of C and nitrogen (N) cycle coupling, N deposition rates may greatly influence forest soil respiration, and possibly even global C cycling. Soil microbes play a crucial role in regulating the biosphere–atmosphere C exchange; however, how microbes respond to N addition remains uncertain. To better understand this process, the experiment was performed in the Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata Nature Reserve, in the subtropical zone of China. Treatments involved applying different levels of N (0, 40, and 80 kg ha−2 year−1) over a three-year period (January 2013–December 2015) to explore how soil physicochemical properties, respiration rate, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentration, and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance responded to various N addition rate. Results showed that high levels of N addition significantly decreased soil respiration; however, low levels of N addition significantly increased soil respiration. High levels of N reduced soil pH and enhanced P and C co-limitation of microorganisms, leading to significant reductions in total PLFA and changes in the structure of microbial communities. Significant linear relationships were observed between annual cumulative respiration and the concentration of microbial biomass (total PLFA, gram-positive bacteria (G+), gram-negative bacteria (G−), total bacteria, and fungi) and the microbial community structure (G+: G− ratio). Taken together, increasing N deposition changed microbial community structure and suppressed microbial biomass, ultimately leading to recalcitrant C accumulation and soil C emissions decrease in subtropical forest.

Nitrogen addition accelerates ecosystem phosphorus cycling at multiple scales in a temperate grassland of Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Cui ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Jian-Ying Ma ◽  
Wenzheng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Organic P ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Mineralization ◽  
N Enrichment

<p>Plant phosphorus (P) resorption, mutualistic symbiosis with mycorrhizas, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil organic P mineralization are crucial strategies for acquiring sufficient P to meet plant nutrient demand. Which is the main strategy, however, responding to elevated nitrogen (N) addition to alleviate P deficiency caused by N enrichment remains unclear in terrestrial ecosystems. We explored the responses of foliar P resorption of dominate species (Leymus chinensis), soil microbial properties and organic P mineralization to multi-level N addition in a temperate meadow steppe, Northeast China. We found the enhancements in plant biomass, microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), and phoD gene abundance (main gene coded soil ALP), while the reductions in soil pH, available P, microbial biomass P, and AMF abundance, and no significant responses of foliar P content under simulative N deposition. When the rates exceeded the threshold 10 g N m<sup>-2</sup>yr<sup>-1</sup>, plants and microbes had little additional responses to N enrichment. Notably, N addition had distinct effects on three plant P acquisition strategies, that no conspicuous increase in P resorption efficiency, reduced dependence on mutualistic with AMF symbiosis and accelerated organic P mineralization. A positive correlation between ALP activity, phoD gene abundance and P mineralization rate suggested increases in phosphatase activities and its functional gene copies play crucial roles in organic P mineralization. Nitrogen addition aggravated P deficiency to the production of plant and microbial biomass, which further accelerated soil organic P mineralization and foliar P resorption. Due to lack of plasticity in P resorption efficiency and reduced dependence on mutualistic with AMF symbiosis, however, the organic P mineralization dominated in P acquisition to meet increased P demand. Furthermore, the increase in ALP activities, activation of phoD genes and decrease in soil pH were the main pathways to accelerate organic P mineralization and consequently alleviated P deficiency caused by anthropogenic N deposition, especially at conditions of N saturation. Our results provide strong evidences that N addition can accelerate the rate of P cycling and mobilize plant P uptake strategies such as soil organic P mineralization and leaf P resorption, which are important to better maintain sustainable ecosystem development in the more fertilized word.</p><p>Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500602), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570470, 31870456), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412018ZD010), and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B16011). H.C. acknowledges support from Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC).</p>

Residues from a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) green manure crop grown with phosphate rock influence bioavailability of soil phosphorus

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Arcand ◽  
D H Lynch ◽  
R P Voroney ◽  
P. van Straaten
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Microbial Biomass P ◽  
P Supply

Low soil test phosphorus (P) concentrations are common in organically managed soils in Canada. This field study examined the effect of residues from a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) green manure (GM) crop grown with an igneous and a sedimentary source of phosphate rock (PR) on in situ soil P supply, Olsen P, and soil microbial biomass P on an organic farm in Ontario, Canada. Phosphate rock application did not increase GM dry matter production, but did increase above-ground tissue P concentration with applications of the sedimentary PR (Calphos). In the following spring, in situ soil P supply and Olsen P were increased in GM residue-applied soils and in soils containing the Calphos PR, while microbial biomass P was largely unaffected. Release of P was detected when GM P concentration was greater than 2.9 g P kg-1. The results suggest the quality of the GM residues had more influence on P availability than the quantity applied to the soil; however, the low changes in available P (P supply and Olsen P) were not agronomically significant. Key words: Phosphate rock, soil phosphate supply, Olsen P, organic agriculture, green manure

scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition Alleviates Microbial Nitrogen Limitations and Promotes Soil Respiration in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qianmei Chen ◽  
Zexi Wang ◽  
Haifeng Zheng ◽  
Yamei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
N Application ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Groups

Soil microbes are an important component of soil ecosystems that influence material circulation and are involved in the energy flow of ecosystems. The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects all types of terrestrial ecosystems, including subalpine forests. In general, alpine and high-latitude ecosystems are N limited. Increased N deposition could therefore affect microbial activity and soil respiration. In this study, four levels of N addition, including CK (no N added), N1 (2 g m−2 a−1), N2 (5 g m−2 a−1), and N3 (10 g m−2 a−1), were carried out in a Sichuan redwood forest at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The dynamics of soil respiration, major microbial groups, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN, respectively) were investigated over a year. The results showed that N application significantly increased soil respiration (11%–15%), MBC (5%–9%), MBN (23%–34%), N-acetylglucosidase (56.40%–204.78%), and peroxidase (42.28%–54.87%) activities. The promotion of soil respiration, N-acetylglucosidase, and peroxidase was highest under the N2 treatment. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism of soil microbes in subalpine forests significantly responded to N application. In the latter stages of N application, microbial metabolism changed from being N restricted to phosphorus restricted, especially under the N2 treatment. Soil bacteria (B) and gram-positive (G+) bacteria were the dominant microbial groups affecting soil respiration. Structural equation modelling indicated that N application significantly promoted soil respiration and microbial biomass, whereas the main microbial groups did not significantly respond to N application. Therefore, we conclude that short-term N addition alleviates microbial nitrogen limitation and promotes soil respiration in the subalpine forest ecosystem that accelerates soil carbon (C) and N cycling. Continuous monitoring is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms under long-term N deposition, which may help in forecasting C, N, and P cycling in the alpine region under global climate change.

scholarly journals Adding Intercropping Maize and Faba Bean Root Residues Increases Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Calcareous Soil Due to Organic Phosphorus Mineralization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liao ◽  
Chaochun Zhang ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Fusuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Bean Root ◽  
P Content ◽  
Microbial Biomass P

Abstract Background and aims Root residues are an important factor influencing soil phosphorus (P) availability for crop uptake, but how the residues from different species combinations in sole cropping or intercropping systems affect soil P pools remains unclear. Methods Maize and faba bean were planted as either sole crops or intercrops in a P-deficient calcareous soil with and without addition of corresponding previous crop (pre-crop) roots. This was repeated in three cultivations cycles in a greenhouse experiment. Plants sampled in each experiment were analyzed for biomass and P content, and soils sampled from all treatments in the last cultivation were analyzed for soil characteristics. Results Addition of a mixture of intercrop root residues increased biomass, total P content, microbial biomass P concentration and soil acid phosphatase activity, compared with addition of root residues of a single crop. The Hedley soil P fractions from three continuous cultivation cycles differed, depending on root residue source. The sole maize root residue with high C/P ratio caused a considerable depletion of inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi and 1 M HCl-Pi), and the sole faba bean root residue with lower C/P ratio caused a large depletion in Resin-P and NaHCO3-Po fractions, and the root residue of intercrops with a medium C/P ratio depleted more of the NaHCO3-Po and conc. HCl-Po fractions. However, without root residues, sole faba bean depleted more of the Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi and NaHCO3-Po fractions than the other two cropping systems did because of its higher P content. Conclusions Adding root residues of mixed species accelerated soil organic P mineralization (NaHCO3-Po and conc. HCl-Po) by increasing microbial biomass P concentrations and acid phosphatase activities, and thus enhanced the intercropping advantage in terms of biomass and P content in a P-deficient soil.

scholarly journals Warming and Nitrogen Addition Change the Soil and Soil Microbial Biomass C:N:P Stoichiometry of a Meadow Steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Gong ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Guo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Total N ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Soil Microbial

: Soil and soil microbial biomass (SMB) carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry are important parameters to determine soil balance of nutrients and circulation of materials, but how soil and SMB C:N:P stoichiometry is affected by climate change remains unclear. Field experiments with warming and N addition had been implemented since April 2007. Infrared radiators were used to manipulate temperature, and aqueous ammonium nitrate (10 g m-2 yr-1) was added to simulate nitrogen deposition. We found that molar nutrient ratios in the soil averaged 60:11:1, warming and warming plus N addition reduced soil C:N by 14.1% and 20% (P < 0.01), and reduced soil C:P ratios by 14.5% and 14.8% (P < 0.01). N addition reduced soil C:N significantly by 17.6% (P < 0.001) (Figs. 2B, 2D). N addition and warming plus N addition increased soil N:P significantly by 24.6% and 7.7% (P < 0.01). The SMB C:N, C:P and N:P ratios increased significantly with warming, N addition and warming plus N addition. Warming and N addition increased the correlations between SOC and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), soil total P and soil microbial biomass P (SMBP), warming increased the correlation between the soil total N and soil microbial biomass N (SMBN). After four years’ treatment, our results demonstrated that the combined effects of warming and N fertilization could change the C, N, P cycling by affecting soil and SMB C:N:P ratios significantly and differently. At the same time, our results suggested SMB might have weak homeostasis in Sonnen Grassland and warming and N addition would ease N-limitation but aggravate P-limitation in northeastern China. Furthermore, these results further the current demonstration of the relationships between the soil and SMB C:N:P stoichiometry in response to global change in temperate grassland ecosystems.

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