scholarly journals A review of operations research methods applicable to wildfire management

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Minas ◽  
John W. Hearne ◽  
John W. Handmer
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Decision Environment

Across the globe, wildfire-related destruction appears to be worsening despite increased fire suppression expenditure. At the same time, wildfire management is becoming increasingly complicated owing to factors such as an expanding wildland–urban interface, interagency resource sharing and the recognition of the beneficial effects of fire on ecosystems. Operations research is the use of analytical techniques such as mathematical modelling to analyse interactions between people, resources and the environment to aid decision-making in complex systems. Fire managers operate in a highly challenging decision environment characterised by complexity, multiple conflicting objectives and uncertainty. We assert that some of these difficulties can be resolved with the use of operations research methods. We present a range of operations research methods and discuss their applicability to wildfire management with illustrative examples drawn from the wildfire and disaster operations research literature.

scholarly journals Operations Research: Methods and Problems.

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (291) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Harvey M. Wagner ◽  
Maurice Sasieni ◽  
Arthur Yaspan ◽  
Lawrence Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Operations Research

Analytical Methodologies for Determination of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Metabolites in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Pannu ◽  
Md. Jawaid Akhtar ◽  
Bhupinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diamond Electrode ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Biological And Environmental Samples

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was initially launched as an antimalarial drug, but now it is also used as a slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug. It contains equal proportions of (-)-(R)-hydroxychloroquine and (+)-(S)-hydroxychloroquine. Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine, a synthetic 4-aminoquinoline derivative, possesses antimalarial, antirheumatic activity and also exerts beneficial effects on lupus erythematous disease. Substantial levels of three metabolites of HCQ, which are desethylchloroquine (DCQ), bisdesethylhydroxychloroquine (BDCQ), and desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ), have been determined by various analytical techniques from blood and plasma. Methods: Various analytical techniques have been reported for asynchronous and simultaneous estimation of HCQ and their metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological samples like serum, whole blood, and urine. The analytical techniques are Square-wave voltammetry employed with the cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode, fast UHPLC–fluorescent method, UV spectrophotometry, UHPLC-UV analysis, RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry, NMR, and CE. Results and discussion: We have complied with various analytical methods for detection of HCQ with its various metabolites simultaneous or alone in pharmaceutical dosage forms, biological and environmental samples. The authors believe that the above-mentioned studies compiled in this report will give a choice to readers to select the most appropriate and suitable method for the analysis of HCQ. Further, it is also believed that this study will help the researchers to develop a more sensitive, convenient, and rapid method based on literature reports.

scholarly journals Synthesis of calcium-phosphate and chitosan bioceramics for bone regeneration

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELLATIE R. FINISIE ◽  
ATCHE JOSUÉ ◽  
VALFREDO T. FÁVERE ◽  
MAURO C. M. LARANJEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy

Bioceramic composites were obtained from chitosan and hydroxyapatite pastes synthesized at physiological temperature according to two different syntheses approaches. Usual analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy analysis and Porosimetry) were employed to characterize the resulting material. The aim of this investigation was to study the bioceramic properties of the pastes with non-decaying behavior from chitosan-hydroxyapatite composites. Chitosan, which also forms a water-insoluble gel in the presence of calcium ions, and has been reported to have pharmacologically beneficial effects on osteoconductivity, was added to the solid phase of the hydroxyapatite powder. The properties exhibited by the chitosan-hydroxyapatite composites were characteristic of bioceramics applied as bone substitutes. Hydroxyapatite contents ranging from 85 to 98% (w/w) resulted in suitable bioceramic composites for bone regeneration, since they showed a non-decaying behavior, good mechanical properties and suitable pore sizes.

scholarly journals Operations Research: Methods and Problems

1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
John D. C. Little ◽  
M. Sasieni ◽  
A. Yaspan ◽  
L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Operations Research

A methodology for determining operational priorities for prevention and suppression of wildland fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodríguez y Silva ◽  
Juan Ramón Molina Martínez ◽  
Armando González-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Difficulty Index ◽  
A Site ◽  
Risk Potential

Traditional uses of the forest (timber, forage) have been giving way to other uses more in demand (recreation, ecosystem services). An observable consequence of this process of forest land use conversion is an increase in more difficult and extreme wildfires. Wildland forest management and protection program budgets are limited, and managers are requesting help in finding ways to objectively assign their limited protection resources based on the intrinsic environmental characteristics of a site and the site’s interrelationship with available firefighting resources and existing infrastructure. A Fire Suppression Priority Index, integrating information on both the potential fire behaviour risk (Potential Fire Behaviour Index) and the fire suppression difficulty (Suppression Difficulty Index), provides managers with fundamental information for strategic planning and development of tactical operations to protect the natural environment. Results in the Córdoba Province, Andalusia’s autonomous region, Spain, showed a statistically significant relationship between wildfire size and all three indices, demonstrating the utility of the methodology to identify and prioritise forest areas for strategic and tactical fire management operations. In addition, the methodology was tested and validated by trained and qualified wildfire management personnel in Chile and Israel, obtaining similar results as in Spain.

scholarly journals Determination of Polyphenols Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique (LC–MS/MS): A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalla López-Fernández ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Mirian Pateiro ◽  
Paulo E.S. Munekata ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Selection Of

In recent years, the consumption of polyphenols has been increasing, largely due to its beneficial effects on health. They are present in a wide variety of foods, but their extraction and characterization are complicated since they are mostly in complex matrices. For this reason, the use of selective, sensitive, and versatile analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is necessary. In this review, the most relevant studies of the last years regarding the analysis of polyphenols in different matrices by comprehensive LC–MS/MS are discussed. Relevant steps such as extraction, sample purification, and chromatographic analysis methods are emphasized. In particular, the following methodological aspects are discussed: (a) the proper selection of the extraction technique, (b) the extraction and elution solvents, (c) the purification step, (d) the selection of both stationary and mobile phases for the chromatographic separation of compounds, and (e) the different conditions for mass spectrometry. Overall, this review presents the data from the most recent studies, in a comprehensive way, thus providing and simplifying the information of the great variety of works that exist in the literature on this wide topic.

scholarly journals Operations Research: Methods and Problems.

1959 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
S. Vajda ◽  
M. Sasieni ◽  
A. Yaspan ◽  
L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Operations Research
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