The Effect of Cutting and Burning on Browse Production in Eastern Canadian Aspen Forests

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Weber
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spring Leaf ◽  
Leaf Flush

A 20-year-old aspen (Populur tremloides Michx.) ecosystem was subjected to two cutting and two burning treatments. Cutting and prescribed burning were carried out on separate areas . One cutting and one burning treatment was aplied both before and after spring leaf flush. An untreated control area was set aside for comparison. Three years after treatment summer and winter aspen browse production for moose (Alcesaices) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were greatest on the preflush cutting treatment (summer — 1544 kg.ha-1; winter — 395 kgha-1) followed in decreasing order by post-flush cut (summer — 635 kg.ha-1; winter — 125 kg.ha-1), postflush burn (summer — 330 kg.ha-1; winter — 96 kg.ha-1), and pre-flush burn (summer — 50 kg.ha-1; winter — no browsing). Aspen browse quality (nutrient concentration) was essentially unaffected by treatment. Post treatment biomass production of aspen is discussed in terms of known physiological and ecological responses to disturbance.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

scholarly journals SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE AS A MEASURE OF ANXIETY BEFORE AND AFTER DENTAL TREATMENT FOR VISUALLY AND HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Eka S Shofiyah ◽  
Margaretha Sovaria ◽  
Mochamad F Rizal ◽  
Sarworini B Budiardjo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

Objective: Visual and hearing impairments are known to profoundly affect children’s psychological development, including their anxiety. However, strong emotional relationship with their mother found in these children may help them cope. Measuring salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) in saliva samples is widely used in clinical settings as a reliable, non-invasive biomarker of anxiety level.Methods: Our objective was to evaluate sAA levels in visually and hearing-impaired children and their mothers before and after dental treatment. This study included 60 children with visual and hearing impairments and their mothers. sAA level of both children and mothers was sampled while they were together in the waiting room before treatment. The children then underwent dental prophylaxis in a separate room, and their post-treatment sAA was measured immediately afterward. At that time, their mother’s post-treatment sAA was sampled in the waiting room. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test.Results: sAA levels were found to differ significantly between pre- and post-dental treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: This difference indicates that reducing maternal anxiety would be of great benefit in reducing anxiety in visually and hearing-impaired children. Practical implications: Appropriately managing anxiety in this group of children can be of great benefit to dentists in daily practice, helping them provide the care that these children need.

Yield response of restricted-tillering wheat to transient waterlogging on duplex soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
F. Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
South West ◽  
Relative Extent ◽  
Before And After

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.

scholarly journals Low frequency of pre-treatment and post-treatment haematological abnormalities in dogs with non-infectious meningoencephalitis treated with cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Keegan ◽  
Jeremy H Rose ◽  
Zohra Khan ◽  
Francois-Xavier Liebel
Keyword(s):  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundCytosine arabinoside (CA) and prednisolone are drugs commonly used together in the management of canine non-infectious meningoencephalitis (NIME). The aim of this study was to report the haematological findings before and after CA and prednisolone treatment and identify any adverse haematological events in this clinical setting, following the veterinary cooperative oncology group established common terminology criteria for recording adverse events following administration of chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy.ResultsWhile 48 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of NIME had pretreatment haematology results, only 12 patients met the inclusion criteria of also having post-treatment haematology results available for review after being treated with prednisolone and CA at a standard dose (200 mg/m2) in a single referral hospital in the UK. Forty-nine post-treatment haematology results were available for these 12 patients.ConclusionsFour adverse haematological events were identified in four patients. None of these events were convincingly attributable to CA administration.

scholarly journals Managing Chinese Privet for White-Tailed Deer

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. K. Stromayer ◽  
Robert J. Warren ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Privet ◽  
Ligustrum Sinense ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract After cutting forest understory Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) stands to ground level in northwestern Georgia, we assessed privet regrowth production and use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), 1 yr post-treatment. We then assessed privet browse availability and crude protein (CP) content 2 and 3 growing seasons post-treatment on cut and uncut plots. Privet regrew vigorously and was used heavily by deer the first winter after cutting, but privet browse availability and crude protein content did not differ between cut vs. uncut plots 2 and 3 growing seasons post-treatment. Although our sample sizes were too small to demonstrate an increase in privet browse availability after cutting, this practice may be a sustainable and inexpensive way of maintaining deer forage availability, as privet often grows out of reach of deer. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):227-230.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of spatial memory and home range affinity in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Before And After

The role of spatial memory in the movement of animals through landscapes remains elusive. To examine spatial memory and home range affinity of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Minnesota during 1995–2007, I translocated 17 adult does with known home ranges to unfamiliar sites and radio-tracked them after their release. Twelve does wearing transmitting radio-collars returned to their home ranges. Death and collar expiration precluded determination of whether the remaining five does would have returned to home ranges. Three of five does wearing global positioning system collars traveled throughout hundreds of square kilometres, circling, backtracking, and returning to release sites, while two others exhibited directional movement for tens of kilometres. Four does that survived to parturition stopped traveling and moved at hourly rates similar to those of control does during the first three weeks of the typical fawn-rearing period, but continued traveling later. Their aberrant extensive travel before and after interruption by parturition suggests that they recognized they were in unfamiliar areas, demonstrating both their capacity and propensity to search for and occupy the familiar space of their individual home ranges. Their successful return to home ranges provided experimental evidence of spatial memory and further elucidated its pervasive role in White-tailed Deer spatial ecology.

scholarly journals 0514 Efficacy of a Forehead-Cooling Device for Treating Insomnia in Veterans

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A197-A197
Author(s):  
E Nofzinger
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction In 2 independent studies, we explored whether a forehead-cooling device was effective in improving insomnia in veterans. Methods Both studies were uncontrolled and exploratory in nature. The first study involved 20 veterans who expressed interest in using the forehead-cooling device and received 4 weeks treatment. The second study involved 19 veterans who were recruited via media to participate in a 4-week study and were compensated for their participation. All participants completed questionnaires before and after treatment. Results In the retrospective analysis, veterans had improvements over baseline in insomnia severity index (M ± SD =17.6 ± 4.7 pre- vs 6.9 ± 3.5 post-treatment, t(19) = -9.4, p&lt;0.00001), in sleep latency (M ± SD = 61.7 ± 49.1 minutes pre- vs 25.0 ± 20.8 minutes post-treatment, t(19) = -4.6, p&lt;0.001) and in minutes awake after sleep onset (M ± SD =78.7 ± 57.8 minutes pre- vs 29.9 ± 18.3 minutes post-treatment, t(19) = -4.0, p&lt;0.001). In the prospective study, veterans had improvements in insomnia severity index over baseline (M ± SD = 20.7 +3.8 pre- vs 9.5 ± 7.5 post-treatment, t(18) = 5.8, p&lt;0.00001), depression severity on the PHQ-9 (M ± SD = 21.5 ±6.1 pre- vs 14.2 ± 5.1 post-treatment, t(18) =4.1, p&lt;0.001) and anxiety severity on the GAD 7 (M ± SD = 9.8 ±7.1 pre- vs. 6.2 ± 5.4 post-treatment, t(18) = -3.1, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion Use of a forehead-cooling device improved insomnia in veterans. These findings were replicated in an independent prospective trial. Reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms from baseline were also noted in the prospective study. These promising preliminary data suggest the need for further large scale randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy of forehead-cooling on insomnia in veterans. Support Ebb Pharmaceuticals, Pittsburgh, PA 15222

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document