Oestrous cycle and gestation length in the musky rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Potoroidae : Marsupialia)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Male And Female

Wild-caught male and female H. moschatus were maintained in a captive breeding colony. Vaginal smears were taken three times a week until oestrous cycles were detected and gestation lengths approximated. Thereafter, smears were usually taken daily when oestrus was expected. The gestation period (considered to be the number of days from the detection of sperm in the smear until the day young were found in the pouch) was found to last 19 days. Sperm were usually detected in the smear two days before the influx of semi-cornified and cornified epithelial cells, which occurred 17 days before parturition. A pre- or post-partum oestrus was not detected and females did not return to oestrus until at least 6 days after the removal of the last pouch young. H. moschatus has the shortest recorded gestation for any macropod, and gestation occupies approximately 75% of the oestrous cycle. The reproductive physiology of H. moschatus is similar to that of most phalangerids, which may be indicative of a common ancestor.

Oestrous cycle of the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus, in Victoria, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. West ◽  
D. Galloway ◽  
J. Shaw ◽  
A. Trouson ◽  
M. C. J. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Common Wombat ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
The Common

Wild-caught female common wombats from Victoria, Australia, were studied in captivity to investigate the oestrous cycle by assessing vaginal cytology and peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations. Eight wombats, five adults (21–29 kg) and three subadults (19–23 kg), which were held for between 2 weeks and 11 months did not cycle in captivity. Their progesterone concentrations were consistently low (≤6.9 nmol L–1) and vaginal smears contained predominantly superficial epithelial cells. Three wombats (21–27 kg), held in captivity for >1 year, regularly cycled (when bodyweights exceeded 23.5 kg). Information gathered from four consecutive cycles in each of these three wombats revealed a follicular phase with low progesterone concentrations (≤6.9 nmol L–1) and vaginal smears with a high percentage of superficial epithelial cells alternating with periods of high progesterone concentrations (range 41.6–123.8 nmol L–1) and smears in which parabasal–intermediate epithelial cells predominated. The average length of the monitored oestrous cycles was 47.2 days (35–60 days). The follicular phase lasted ~19 days and the luteal phase lasted ~28 days. In conclusion, wombats can cycle regularly in captivity even under conditions of intensive monitoring.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

Reproduction in the pseudomyine rodent Mesembriomys gouldii (Gray) (Muridae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Unmated Female

M. gouldii is polyoestrous and polyovular. In the non-pregnant female the oestrous cycle is 26 � 3.5 days (range 21-35 days). Mucus appears irregularly during the dioestrous interval and seems to be derived from epithelial cells of the vagina. Ovulation is spontaneous and usually alternate, one to four corpora lutea being formed. The corpora lutea of the unmated female are functional until the 15th-17th day of the cycle. Gestation lasted from 43 to 44 days, a "placental sign" occurring between the 22nd and 33rd day. A post-partum oestrus and mating occur but no delay in implantation was recorded. Litter size ranges from one to three. The young are well developed at birth, and cling tenaciously to the teats for the first few weeks. Growth is rapid and the young can be weaned after 42 days. This pattern of reproduction is compared with the limited data from other Australian Muridae.

Reproductive physiology of the female greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis Thylacomyidae): evidence for a male-induced luteal phase

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballantyne ◽  
P. Matson ◽  
N. Noakes ◽  
V. Nicolson ◽  
S. D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Western Australian

Endocrinology of the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and early lactation was investigated in captive Western Australian greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis). Initially, six females were monitored for changes in urogenital cytology, plasma progestogen, pericloacal and pouch morphology in the absence of a male. This was followed by the introduction of a male and a reproductive assessment through mating, gestation and early lactation. In the absence of a male, there was no cyclical pattern of urogenital cytology, pericloacal or pouch development, and progestogen concentrations remained basal. Within 5 days of the introduction of a male, all females had a karyopycnotic index of 100%. Spermatozoa were present in the urogenital smear within 3 days of male introduction in all five females that gave birth. Five to 9 days after the introduction of a male, there was an increase in plasma progestogen concentration that remained elevated for 14–19 days. Six of the seven females gave birth approximately 3 days after reaching peak plasma progestogen concentrations. Gestation length ranged between 14 and 17 days. Plasma progestogen concentrations of the postpartum and early lactation period were lower (P < 0.0001) than during gestation, but greater (P < 0.0001) than those recorded before the introduction of a male. One female that gave birth early in the study that was examined until weaning of the pouch young showed a cyclical pattern of plasma progestogen secretion that ended at weaning. This study provides evidence that the luteal phase in the greater bilby is induced by the presence of a male. Similar to female reproductive physiology in the Peramelidae, elevated progestogen concentration in the greater bilby was extended into lactation.

Observations on oetrus and the oestrous cycle in the marsupials Isoodon Macrourus and Perameles nasuta

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Vaginal Smears

Observations have been made on oestrus and the oestrous cycle in the bandicoots I. macrourus and P. nasuta caged indoors. Oestrus was diagnosed from a number of criteria, particularly the sexual behaviour of the males. Attempted matings, non-fertile matings and matings leading to pregnancy were restricted to one day of the oestrous cycle, except on one occasion when a male I. macrourus attempted to mate on two consecutive days. The lips of the urogenital opening of the female were usually greatly swollen at oestrus but pouch changes at this time were not detected. Vaginal smears at oestrus usually showed an increase in the number of partly and fully cornified epithelial cells and few, if any, polymorphonuclear leucocytes. During the winter and spring of 1972 and spring of 1973, over 1000 vaginal smears were taken from 29 P. nasuta and about 700 smears were taken from 21 I. macrourus. Information on the length of the oestrous cycle in P. nasuta, using all criteria, was obtained from only nine cycles in eight animals. The cycle length averaged 21 days but the range was from 10 to 34 days. Considerably more information on the length of the cycle was obtained from the smaller number of I. macrourus; the average length of 39 cycles in 15 animals was 20 days, the range being 9-34 days.

THE EFFECT OF META-XYLOHYDROQUINONE ON MICE AND RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. KUMARI BATRA ◽  
SAFIA HAKIM
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARY Meta-xylohydroquinone (M-X) in various doses was fed to male and female rats and mice in order to observe its effect on their reproductive physiology. The administration of 1 mg M-X to breeding mice in a single dose resulted in resorption, abortion or still-birth. Toxic effects were not seen with any other dose. It is suggested that the substance may have some effect on the oestrous cycle, causing irregularities. The evidence available from the experiments carried out does not support the view that M-X prevents nidation.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Scanning electron microscopy of the operculum of Garra lamta (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes), an Indian hill stream fish

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Pinky Tripathi ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Garra Lamta ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface architecture of the epidermis on the outer surface of the operculum (OE) and the epithelium on the inner surface of the operculum (EISO) of Garra lamta was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface appeared smooth on the OE and wavy on the EISO. A wavy epithelium is considered to facilitate an increase in its stretchability, during the expansion of the branchial chamber. The OE and the EISO were covered by a mosaic pavement of epithelial cells with characteristic patterns of microridges and microbridges. Interspersed between the epithelial cells were mucous goblet cell pores, which were not significantly different in number in the OE and the EISO. Nevertheless, their surface area in the EISO was significantly higher than in the OE. This could be an adaptation to secrete higher amounts of mucus on the EISO for keeping the branchial chamber lining clean, avoiding clogging, the increased slipperiness reducing friction from water flow and increased efficiency in protecting against microbial attachments. Rounded bulges on the OE and the EISO were associated with mucous goblet cells. The absence of the taste buds in the EISO, in contrast to the OE, suggests that their function in the branchial chamber may not be of much significance in this fish. Breeding tubercles on the OE are believed to facilitate better contact between the male and female during breeding.

Aspects of reproduction in the genus Notomys (Muridae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Interspecific Variations

Reproductive biology was studied in captive N. alexis, N. fuscus, N. mitchellii and N, cervinus. All were polyoestrous, the oestrous cycle averaging 7.0-8.0 days in N. alexis and N. mitchellii and 9.0 days in N. fuscus. In N. cervinus there was a considerable variation in length; this species may be easily stressed and less adaptable to captivity. Gestation in the non-lactating animal lasted 32, 34-37 and 38-43 days in N. alexis, N. mitchellii and N, cervinus respectively; all three had post-partum oestrus and mating. Lactation appeared to delay implantation in N, cervinus and probably in N. mitchellii, but not in N. alexis; it lasted 3-4 weeks, during which time the young clung tenaciously to the teats. Oestrus was not always suspended during lactation in N. alexis, and conception may take place during suckling in this species. Interspecific variations in this pattern of reproduction are discussed, and the information compared with data from other Australian Muridae.

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