Electrophoretic, Chromosomal and Morphometric Studies on the Red-Necked Wallaby, Macropus Rufogriseus (Desmarest).

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Johnston ◽  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Mean

Geographic variation in island and mainland Australian populations of M. rufogriseus was investigated by electrophoretic, chromosomal and skull morphometric studies. Electrophoretic variation was observed at 9 of the 21 genetic loci examined. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population was 0.230 and individuals were on the average heterozygous at 6.5% of their loci. Coefficients of genetic similarity between populations ranged from 0.925 to 0.986, which is indicative of little genetic differentiation between populations. No chromosomal variation was observed in animals from the mainland, Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands. Preliminary data on breeding patterns suggest that females from King I. and Flinders I. are seasonal breeders, as has been reported for M. rufogriseus from Tasmania. It is concluded that M. rufogriseus should be divided into two subspecies: M. r. rufogriseus from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands; M. r. banksianus from mainland Australia.

Studies on populations of potorous Desmarest (Marsupialia) II. Electrophoretic, chromosomal and breeding studies

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Johnston ◽  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Geographic variation in potoroos (genus Potorous) from south-eastern Australia and Tasmania was investigated by electrophoretic and chromosomal techniques. Six of the 10 potoroo blood proteins examined showed electrophoretic variation and the genetic basis of three of these was established by breeding studies. Levels of genic heterozygosity were similar in Tasmanian and mainland populations. Coefficients of genetic similarity based on 10 loci indicated that potoroos from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands are similar to each other but different from those of mainland Australia. No chromosomal variation was observed in potoroos examined from south-eastern Australia and Tasmania. Crosses between animals from these regions produced fertile offspring. It is concluded from this study and a related investigation on morphological variation that the genus Potorous should be separated into two species, P. platyops and P. tridactylus, with the further subdivision of the latter species into P.t. tridactylus from mainland Australia (including P. gilberti) and P.t. apicalis from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands.

scholarly journals Intrapopulational genetic differentiation in Anopheles (N.) darlingi Root, 1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the amazon region

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselita Maria Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Arturo Lobo ◽  
Wanderli Pedro Tadei ◽  
Eucleia P. Betioli Contel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Polymorphic Loci

Four natural Amazonian Anopheles darlingi populations were analyzed for 19 loci, 12 of which showed variation, i.e., 68.4% of polymorphic loci. The Ariquemes, Rondônia, population was the most variable, with a large number of alleles per locus (2.26 ± 0.27) and high polymorphism (P = 63.15). The highest values of observed and expected intralocus heterozygosity were observed in the Manaus, Amazonas, population (Ho = 0.432 ± 0.11; He = 0.375 ± 0.08), and the lowest in the Cachoeira Porteira, Pará, population (Ho = 0.236 ± 0.09; He = 0.290 ± 0.11). Wright's F-statistic revealed disequilibrium caused by an excess of homozygotes, as shown by the Fis > Fst values (Fis = 0.083 > 0.026) reflecting intrapopulational differentiation. The four populations studied were genetically similar, as indicated by distance and similarity values. Chromosomal variation of Amazon population also did not indicate geographical differentiation, and populations in the central region of the Amazon Basin showed high polymorphism in relation to the marginal populations, which were mainly monomorphic.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato Isolates Infecting Papaya Inferred by Multilocus ISSR Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sephra N. Rampersad
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Bayesian Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bayesian Cluster ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Issr Primers

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is widely distributed throughout temperate and tropical regions and causes anthracnose disease in numerous plant species. Development of effective disease management strategies is dependent on, among other factors, an understanding of pathogen genetic diversity and population stratification at the intraspecific level. For 132 isolates of C. gloeosporioides sensu lato collected from papaya in Trinidad, inter-simple-sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) generated 121 polymorphic loci from five ISSR primers selected from an initial screen of 22 ISSR primers. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci was 99.18%. Bayesian cluster analysis inferred three genetic subpopulations, where group 1 consisted exclusively of isolates collected in the southern part of Trinidad whereas groups 2 and 3, although genetically distinct, were mixtures of isolates collected from both the northern and southern parts of Trinidad. Principal coordinates analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean phylogeny were concordant with Bayesian cluster analysis and supported subdivision into the three subpopulations. Overall, the total mean gene diversity was 0.279, the mean within-population gene diversity was 0.2161, and genetic differentiation for the Trinidad population was 0.225. Regionally, northern isolates had a lower gene diversity compared with southern isolates. Nei's gene diversity was highest for group 1 (h = 0.231), followed by group 2 (h = 0.215) and group 3 (h = 0.202). Genotypic diversity was at or near maximum for all three subpopulations after clone correction. Pairwise estimates of differentiation indicated high and significant genetic differentiation among the inferred subpopulations (Weir's θ of 0.212 to 0.325). Pairwise comparisons among subpopulations suggested restricted gene flow between groups 1 and 2 and groups 1 and 3 but not between groups 2 and 3. The null hypothesis of random mating was rejected for all three inferred subpopulations. These results suggest that pathogen biology and epidemiology as well as certain evolutionary factors may play an important role in population substructuring of C. gloeosporioides sensu lato isolates infecting papaya in Trinidad.

Allozyme variation and geographic differentiation in the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata (Girard, 1854)

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Brieva ◽  
J. Ramón Formas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Statistics

AbstractElectrophoretic variation in proteins encoded by 15 loci was analyzed in nine populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata. The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 16.2% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.18. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities for the populations were 0.9% and 5.9%, respectively. The average Rogers genetic distance among pairs of populations was 0.105. F statistics analysis showed high levels of genetic subdivision (Fst = 0.450). An isolation-by-distance test indicated significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Resumen. Se analizó la variabilidad electroforética de proteínas codificadas por 15 loci en nueve poblaciones de la rana leptodactílida chilena Batrachyla taeniata. La proporción general de loci polimórficos se estimó en 16,2% y el número promedio de alelos por locus en 1,18. Las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas promedio fueron 0,9% y 5,9% respectivamente. El promedio de la distancia de Rogers entre pares de poblaciones fue 0,105. El análisis estadístico de F mostró altos niveles de subdivisión genética (Fst = 0,450). El análisis del aislamiento por distancia indicó una correlación significativa entre la distancia genética y la distancia geográfica.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the Chilean frog Batrachyla Leptopus (Leptodactylidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Formas ◽  
L.M. Brieva
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Continental Group ◽  
Insular Populations ◽  
F Statistics

Electrophoretic variation of proteins encoded by 14 loci was analyzed in eight (five continental and three insular) populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla leptopus. The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 18.7% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.2, while observed and expected heterozygosities were 1.7 and 5.1%, respectively. The estimated coefficient of genetic identity was 0.940; the corresponding figure for genetic distance was 0.063. F-statistics analysis showed a total inbreeding coefficient (Fit) of 0.855 and high levels of genetic subdivision (Fst = 0.596) as well as of inbreeding within populations (Fis = 0.640). However, there was only a moderate level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.181) between the insular group of populations and the continental group.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Avena strigosa Schreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity ◽  
Very High

Genetic diversity ofAvena strigosaSchreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markersGenetic diversity was analyzed in 19 ecotypes of the diploid oatA. strigosaoriginating from various geographical regions of the world. Six isoenzyme systems (AAT, ACP, EST, LAP, MDH, PX) were studied and 16 loci were identified. Only two loci (Est4andMdh2) were polymorphic. Ecotypes were characterized by the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=3.3%), the mean number of alleles per locus (A=1.04) and intrapopulation diversity (HS=0.013). Total genetic diversity (HT=0.07) and interpopulation diversity (DST=0.057) were examined as well. The value of the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST=0.821) indicated that diversity among populations was an important contributor to total variability. Genetic similarity betweenA. strigosapopulations was very high (IN=0.94). Cluster analysis did not demonstrate strongly differentiated groups among the ecotypes examined.

Development of microsatellite markers at the National Agrobiodiversity Center in Korea for the genetic assessment of underutilized crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S125-S129
Author(s):  
Gi-An Lee ◽  
Sok-Young Lee ◽  
Ho-Sun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ho Ma ◽  
Jae-Gyun Gwag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Underutilized Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetic Assessment

The RDA Genebank at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAAS, RDA, Republic of Korea) has conserved about 182,000 accessions in 1777 species and is working at preserving agricultural genetic resources for the conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic diversity. The detection of genetic variability in conserved resources is important for germplasm management, but the molecular evaluation tools providing genetic information are insufficient for underutilized crops, unlike those for major crops. In this regard, the Korean National Agrobiodiversity Center has been developing microsatellite markers for several underutilized crops. We designed 3640 primer pairs flanking simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs for 6310 SSR clones in 21 crop species. Polymorphic loci were revealed in each species (7–36), and the mean ratio of polymorphic loci to all the loci tested was 12%. The average allele number was 5.1 (2.8–10.3) and the expected heterozygosity 0.51 (0.31–0.74). Some SSRs were transferable to closely related species, such as within the genera Fagopyrum and Allium. These SSR markers might be used for studying the genetic diversity of conserved underutilized crops.

The adaptive significance of dorsal spine variation in the fourspine stickleback, Apeltes quadracus, I. Geographic variation in spine number

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Blouw ◽  
D. W. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Apeltes Quadracus ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
Fourspine Stickleback ◽  
Very High Frequencies ◽  
Spine Number

The goal of our research is to investigate the adaptive significance of a polymorphism for the number of dorsal spines in Apeltes quadracus, the fourspine stickleback. One approach we take is to search for correlations between phenotypes and environments. To this end we collected Apeltes and scored environments at 570 sites in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. In this paper we describe geographic variation in spine number and evaluate how reliably it reflects genetic differentiation among sites. Morph frequencies are highly differentiated geographically. We describe four kinds of variation: relatively constant frequencies, gentle clines, steep clines, and remarkably abrupt changes (called "intrusions") where frequencies at some sites differ greatly from those at a larger number of surrounding sites. Most of the variation among sites is due to differences in the frequencies of the four- and five-spined morphs. However, a remarkable result is that the three-spined morph, which is rare or absent elsewhere in the range, reaches very high frequencies in Bras D'Or Lake. Our evidence suggests this variation among sites reflects substantial genetic differentiation. The differentiation is favorable for detecting selective agents, if indeed selection is responsible.

scholarly journals Sacubitril/valsartan reduces atrial fibrillation and supraventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF and remote monitoring: preliminary data from the SAVE THE RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Guerra ◽  
L Pimpini ◽  
M Flori ◽  
D Contadini ◽  
G Stronati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Sacubitril/valsartan, the first combined angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has demonstrated a significant benefit compared to angiotensin inhibitor in decreasing ventricular arrhythmias and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). At present, there is no study which evaluates the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the supraventricular arrhythmic burden in HFrEF patients with an ICD or cardiac resynchronisation therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) and remote monitoring. Purpose To evaluate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the supraventricular arrhythmic burden in HFrEF patients with an ICD or CRTD and remote monitoring. Methods The SAVETHERHYTHM ((SAacubitril Valsartan rEal-world registry evaluating THE arRHYTHMia burden in HFrEF patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator) is a multicentre, observational, prospective registry enrolling all patients with HFrEF, ICD or CRT-D actively followed through remote monitoring and starting treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. All patients are followed-up for at least one year after sacubitril/valsartan start. The primary endpoint is the mean number of sustained atrial tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes per month. Secondary endpoints include the total burden of AT/AF (defined as the percentage of time in AT/AF per day), the mean number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) per hour and the percentage of biventricular pacing per day (in patients with CRT-D). All primary and secondary endpoints are collected through remote monitoring. Results At the time of the first ad interim analysis, 60 patients (85.2% male, age 69±10 years) were consecutively enrolled. After treatment with sacubitril/valsartan, patients with at least one episode of AT/AF per month decreased from 32.8% to 21.3% (p=0.015). A significant decrease in number of AT/AF episodes (from 4.3 to 1.2 per year), in AT/AF burden (from 12% to 9%) and in number of PVC (from 83 to 74 per hour) were seen in patients with a previous diagnosis of paroxysmal or persistent AF (n=15; all p<0.05). Patients with permanent AF (n=7) experienced no benefits from sacubitril/valsartan therapy in terms of arrhythmic burden reduction. Patients with no previous history of AF (n=38) showed a decrease in number of AT/AF episodes (from 2.0 to 0.8 per year) and in number of PVC (from 77 to 49 per hour, all p<0.05). No new diagnosis of clinical AF was made after starting treatment with sacubitrl/valsartan, and patients with subclinical AT/AF episodes decreased from 8% to 3%. Conclusions Preliminary data suggest that therapy with sacubitril/valsartan could decrease arrhythmic burden in patients with non-permanent AF and reduce subclinical AT/AF episodes in patients with no history of AF. No positive effect has been noted in patients with permanent AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Genetic variability in four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Philippsen ◽  
Erasmo Renesto ◽  
Ana Maria Gealh ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni ◽  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique

Four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo were analyzed through the allozyme electrophoresis technique in corn starch gel. The allozyme pattern was similar to those found in N. paranensis with 24 loci scored. Two samples (ribeirão Atlântico and ribeirão Uraí) showed monomorphic bands for all 24 loci, whereas the other two (rio Verde and rio Fortaleza) showed 8.3% of polymorphic loci. The He genetic variability estimates for the rios Verde and Fortaleza populations were 0.0195 and 0.0179, respectively, too much inferior to the mean heterozygosity summed to species from the whole world (0.051). The Wright statistical values F IS = 0.5181, F IT = 0.5681 and F ST = 0.1039 and the genetic distance of Nei values showed that the four samples are genetically very similar to each other and that there is homozygote excess in the polymorphic loci.

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