scholarly journals Population genetics of the Chilean frog Batrachyla Leptopus (Leptodactylidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Formas ◽  
L.M. Brieva
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Continental Group ◽  
Insular Populations ◽  
F Statistics

Electrophoretic variation of proteins encoded by 14 loci was analyzed in eight (five continental and three insular) populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla leptopus. The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 18.7% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.2, while observed and expected heterozygosities were 1.7 and 5.1%, respectively. The estimated coefficient of genetic identity was 0.940; the corresponding figure for genetic distance was 0.063. F-statistics analysis showed a total inbreeding coefficient (Fit) of 0.855 and high levels of genetic subdivision (Fst = 0.596) as well as of inbreeding within populations (Fis = 0.640). However, there was only a moderate level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.181) between the insular group of populations and the continental group.

Allozyme variation and geographic differentiation in the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata (Girard, 1854)

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Brieva ◽  
J. Ramón Formas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Statistics

AbstractElectrophoretic variation in proteins encoded by 15 loci was analyzed in nine populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata. The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 16.2% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.18. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities for the populations were 0.9% and 5.9%, respectively. The average Rogers genetic distance among pairs of populations was 0.105. F statistics analysis showed high levels of genetic subdivision (Fst = 0.450). An isolation-by-distance test indicated significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Resumen. Se analizó la variabilidad electroforética de proteínas codificadas por 15 loci en nueve poblaciones de la rana leptodactílida chilena Batrachyla taeniata. La proporción general de loci polimórficos se estimó en 16,2% y el número promedio de alelos por locus en 1,18. Las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas promedio fueron 0,9% y 5,9% respectivamente. El promedio de la distancia de Rogers entre pares de poblaciones fue 0,105. El análisis estadístico de F mostró altos niveles de subdivisión genética (Fst = 0,450). El análisis del aislamiento por distancia indicó una correlación significativa entre la distancia genética y la distancia geográfica.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Meretrix petechialis in China revealed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyue Xu ◽  
Junhong Zheng ◽  
Hongtao Nie ◽  
Qingzhi Wang ◽  
Xiwu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Meretrix Petechialis

Genetic variation in nine stocks of Meretrix petechialis collected from China was analyzed using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Eight primer pairs produced 132 polymorphic loci with an average of 16.5 loci per primer pair. A population from Jiangsu had the highest percentage of polymorphic loci at 27.27%, suggesting that these resources had a rich genetic diversity. The Nei’s gene diversity of the nine populations ranged from 0.0647 to 0.0793; a population from Shandong was the lowest and a population from North Korea the highest. The Shannon’s information index was between 0.1023 and 0.1202, with the lowest in the Shandong population and the highest in the Jiangsu population. The Nei’s unbiased genetic distance between the nine populations was 0.0243–0.0570 and the genetic similarity was 0.9446–0.9760; the genetic distance between Guangxi and Shandong populations was the furthest (0.0570) and the genetic distance between Shandong and Jiangsu populations was the closest (0.0243). Nei’s gene diversity analysis indicated that the genetic variance was mainly found within individual geographical populations, and the analysis of molecular variance revealed low but significant genetic differentiation among local and regional populations. The limited gene flow (Nm = 0.555) was inferred as a major reason for the extent of genetic differentiation in M. petechialis. The results obtained here indicated that M. petechialis have high degree of genetic diversity and the potential of further breeding with excellent germplasm resources. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection of germplasm resources and the breeding of M. petechialis.

Allozyme variation in three closely related species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta)

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
F.D. Danielyan ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Insular Populations

AbstractGenetic diversity at 37 allozyme loci was surveyed from Lacerta valentini (4 populations), L. portschinskii and L. rudis (1 population each). The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 (L. valentini) to 11 (L. rudis). Mean heterozygosity (direct count) ranged from 0.003 (L. valentini) to 0.071 (L. rudis). Nei's (1978) genetic distance ranged from 0-0.03 among populations of L. valentini, 0.127-0.163 between L. valentini and L. rudis and 0.366-0.487 between L. portschinskii and the two other taxa. Indices of genetic variability for species having disjunct distributions were lower than in species with contiguous distributions, similar to the case of insular populations, which have lower values than do mainland populations.

Electrophoretic, Chromosomal and Morphometric Studies on the Red-Necked Wallaby, Macropus Rufogriseus (Desmarest).

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Johnston ◽  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
The Mean

Geographic variation in island and mainland Australian populations of M. rufogriseus was investigated by electrophoretic, chromosomal and skull morphometric studies. Electrophoretic variation was observed at 9 of the 21 genetic loci examined. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population was 0.230 and individuals were on the average heterozygous at 6.5% of their loci. Coefficients of genetic similarity between populations ranged from 0.925 to 0.986, which is indicative of little genetic differentiation between populations. No chromosomal variation was observed in animals from the mainland, Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands. Preliminary data on breeding patterns suggest that females from King I. and Flinders I. are seasonal breeders, as has been reported for M. rufogriseus from Tasmania. It is concluded that M. rufogriseus should be divided into two subspecies: M. r. rufogriseus from Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands; M. r. banksianus from mainland Australia.

scholarly journals Population genetics of Hyphaene thebaica Mart., in Rabigh province, Saudi Arabia: Implications for conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Hassan Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Gene Migration ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Simple Sequence

Hyphaene thebaica is a perennial plant distributed in desert and subtropical regions of the world. In Rabigh Province, western Saudi Arabia, the few persisting populations of this species are exposed to many threats, including overcutting and, recently, human habitation. These threats are predicted to be exacerbated with the advancement of aridification caused by climate change. The conservation and revival of the diminished populations of H. thebaica requires an assessment of their genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. To accomplish this objective, we applied 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs, with which all are polymorphic loci. These polymorphic loci were used to determine the population genetics of 60 plant accessions sampled from 5 populations of H. thebaica located in five sites in Rabigh Province: Wadi EL Khaneg, Wadi Al Johfa, Wadi Al Hakak and Wadi Khurieba and Wadi Kuliayah . Low to moderate levels of genetic diversity were found in all populations (the values of the PPL% ranged between 52.5% and 22.5%) along with a decreased value of HT (0.388) and a considerable inbreeding value (F= 0.4552), which verified an obvious shortage of heterozygotes. High genetic differentiation among the populations and a low level of gene flow suggest isolation among the H. thebaica populations, which caused a severe deficiency in gene migration. The data obtained herein will inspire several recommendations for conservation the existing populations, including seed preservation, and management of human activities. All of these actions are urgently needed to prevent imminent extinction.

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Study in F3 Population of Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
L Rahman ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
F Nur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was initiated for molecular genetic analysis among 13 F3 rice lines and their parents. Four out of 15 decamer random primers were used to amplify genomic DNA and the primers yielded a total of 41 RAPD markers of which 37 were considered as polymorphic with a mean of 9.25 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.24. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (14.63) and gene diversity (0.0714) was observed in 05-6 F3 line and the lowest polymorphic loci (0.00) and gene diversity (0.00) was found in 05-12 and 05-15 F3 lines. So, relatively high level of genetic variation was found in 05-6 F3 line and it was genetically more diverse compared to others. The average co-efficient of gene differentiation (GST) and gene flow (Nm) values across all the loci were 0.8689 and 0.0755, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the Nei’s genetic distance differentiated the rice genotypes into two main clusters: PNR-519, 05-19, 05-14, 05-12 and 05-17 grouped in cluster 1. On the other hand, Baradhan, 05-9, 05-13, 05-11, 05-5, 05-6, 05-1, 05-4, 05-15 and 05-25 were grouped in cluster 2. The highest genetic distance (0.586) was found between 05-4 and 05-17 F3 lines and they remain in different cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16839 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 1 – 8, 2009

scholarly journals Intrapopulational genetic differentiation in Anopheles (N.) darlingi Root, 1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the amazon region

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselita Maria Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Arturo Lobo ◽  
Wanderli Pedro Tadei ◽  
Eucleia P. Betioli Contel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Polymorphic Loci

Four natural Amazonian Anopheles darlingi populations were analyzed for 19 loci, 12 of which showed variation, i.e., 68.4% of polymorphic loci. The Ariquemes, Rondônia, population was the most variable, with a large number of alleles per locus (2.26 ± 0.27) and high polymorphism (P = 63.15). The highest values of observed and expected intralocus heterozygosity were observed in the Manaus, Amazonas, population (Ho = 0.432 ± 0.11; He = 0.375 ± 0.08), and the lowest in the Cachoeira Porteira, Pará, population (Ho = 0.236 ± 0.09; He = 0.290 ± 0.11). Wright's F-statistic revealed disequilibrium caused by an excess of homozygotes, as shown by the Fis > Fst values (Fis = 0.083 > 0.026) reflecting intrapopulational differentiation. The four populations studied were genetically similar, as indicated by distance and similarity values. Chromosomal variation of Amazon population also did not indicate geographical differentiation, and populations in the central region of the Amazon Basin showed high polymorphism in relation to the marginal populations, which were mainly monomorphic.

scholarly journals Modeling neutral viral mutations in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255438
Author(s):  
Vitor M. Marquioni ◽  
Marcus A. M. de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Neutral Evolution ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Although traditional models of epidemic spreading focus on the number of infected, susceptible and recovered individuals, a lot of attention has been devoted to integrate epidemic models with population genetics. Here we develop an individual-based model for epidemic spreading on networks in which viruses are explicitly represented by finite chains of nucleotides that can mutate inside the host. Under the hypothesis of neutral evolution we compute analytically the average pairwise genetic distance between all infecting viruses over time. We also derive a mean-field version of this equation that can be added directly to compartmental models such as SIR or SEIR to estimate the genetic evolution. We compare our results with the inferred genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of the epidemic in China and found good agreement with the analytical solution of our model. Finally, using genetic distance as a proxy for different strains, we use numerical simulations to show that the lower the connectivity between communities, e.g., cities, the higher the probability of reinfection.

scholarly journals Identification of microsatellite loci in sea anemones Aulactinia stella and Cribrinopsis albopunctata (family Actiniidae)

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Bocharova ◽  
Alexey A. Sergeev ◽  
Aleksandr A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Dna Libraries

From the DNA libraries enriched by the repeat motifs (AAAC)6, (AATC)6, (ACAG)6, (ACCT)6, (ACTC)6, ACTG)6, (AAAT)8, (AACT)8, (AAGT)8, (AGAT)8, for two viviparous sea anemones Aulactinia stella and Cribrinopsis albopunctata, 41 primer pairs were developed. These primer pairs resulted in the identification of 41 candidate microsatellite loci in either A. stella or C. albopunctata. Polymorphic loci were identified in both sea anemone species for 13 of the primer pairs and can be applicable for population genetics researches.

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