Reproduction in Dasykaluta-Rosamondae (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - Field and Laboratory Observations

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Reproductive Senescence ◽  
Age Class

Observations on reproduction in both wild-caught and laboratory-maintained Dasykaluta rosamondae have led to the conclusion that this species is one of 10 dasyurid marsupials in which males die soon after their first mating period. D. rosamondae have a short annual breeding season. The females are monoestrous, mating in September and bearing the young in November. Laboratory-reared young are weaned at an age of about 3 1/2-4 months, in February and March, and juveniles appear in the field population at this time. Both mates and females reach sexual maturity at an age of about 10 months. In the laboratory, males breed in only one season, after which those that survive become reproductively senile. Mature males disappear from the field population about the time the young are born; those collected shortly before this show signs of reproductive senescence. Males collected in the months after the young are weaned represent a single age-class; their reproductive development parallels that of maturing known-age males. Females are capable of breeding in at least two seasons and litters of up to eight are reared. Development of the pouch young is described. Unusual interstitial tissue masses develop in the ovaries of D. rosamondae; the granulosa cells of some follicles undergo transformation to interstitial cells, and the oocytes in these follicles degenerate, shortly before the females enter oestrus.

E-cadherin-catenin complex in the rat ovary: cell-specific expression during folliculogenesis and luteal formation

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sundfeldt ◽  
Y Piontkewitz ◽  
H Billig ◽  
L Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
E Cadherin ◽  
Cell Cell

The cadherins and their cytoplasmic counterparts, the catenins, form the adherens junctions, which are of importance for tissue integrity and barrier functions. The development and maturation of the ovarian follicle is characterized by structural changes, which require altered expression or function of the components involved in cell-cell contacts. The present study examined the cell-specific localization and temporal expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and alpha- and beta-catenin during follicular development, ovulation and corpus luteum formation in the immature gonadotrophin- and oestrogen-stimulated rat ovary. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting demonstrated the expression of E-cadherin in theca and interstitial cells of immature ovaries before and after injection of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). E-cadherin was not detected in granulosa cells, except in the preantral follicles located to the inner region of the ovary. The content of E-cadherin in theca and interstitial cells decreased after an ovulatory dose of hCG. Granulosa cells of apoptotic follicles did not express E-cadherin. Oestrogen treatment (diethylstilboestrol) of immature rats for up to 3 days did not result in a measurable expression of E-cadherin in granulosa cells. alpha- and beta-catenin were expressed in all ovarian compartments. The concentration of beta-catenin was constant during the follicular phase, whereas the content of alpha-catenin decreased in granulosa cells after treatment with diethylstilboestrol or hCG. The expression of alpha-catenin was also reduced in theca and interstitial cells after hCG. alpha- and beta-catenin were present in most ovarian cells at all stages of folliculogenesis. Therefore, the catenins have the potential to associate with different members of the cadherin family and to participate in the regulation of cytoskeletal structures and intracellular signalling. The restricted expression of E-cadherin in granulosa cells of preantral follicles indicates a role in the recruitment of these follicles to subsequent cycles. The specific decrease of alpha-catenin in granulosa cells and the reduction of both alpha-catenin and E-cadherin in theca cells of ovulatory follicles might reflect some of the molecular changes in cell-cell adhesion associated with ovulation and luteinization.

OBSERVATIONS ON CADMIUM DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN RAT TESTES AND THE EFFECTS ON THE PITUITARY GONADOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALLANSON ◽  
R. DEANESLY
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Subcutaneous Injection

SUMMARY Cadmium chloride, in a single subcutaneous injection, can destroy spermatogenic and interstitial cells in the rat testis (Pařízek, 1957) and produce changes in the pituitary. The interstitial tissue is restored by ingrowths from the tunica and full androgen secretion returns before there is any regeneration of germinal epithelium. A cytological study has been made of the peripheral and central pituitary gonadotrophs; the latter revert almost to normal as the interstitial tissue regenerates, whereas the former retain characteristic castration features, unless there is also regeneration of the germinal epithelium. This seems to indicate that in the normal testis there is a hormone contribution from the seminiferous tubules as well as from the interstitial cells. The long-term effects of cadmium on the testis depend on the dose. Early stages of tubule restoration have been studied, but after administration of 0·9 mg., actual proliferation of the germinal epithelium was rarely found—only in four out of twenty rats, 113 or 142 days after injection.

The Influence of a Gonadotrophin on the Seasonal Changes in the Testis and Deferent Duct of the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs)

1949 ◽  
Vol s3-90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. W. SLUITER ◽  
G. J. van OORDT
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Bird ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Fringilla Coelebs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Progressive Stage

1. Male chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) were treated with gestyl, a gonadotrophin prepared from pregnant mare serum, in different seasons; using different techniques their testes and deferent ducts were histologically studied after autopsy on 11 August, 30 November, 28 January, and 5 May. 2. After Champy-fixation and Altmann-staining two types of interstitial cells can be distinguished in the intertubular tissue of sexually active chaffinches: lipoid cells. (= Leydig cells) and secretion cells. 3. Results of gestyl-administration: In summer- and winter-birds (PI. I) whose testes are in the resting stage, the testis-tubule diameter shows a strong enlargement, which is partly due to the plasma of the cells being distinctly inflated; spermatogenesis does not take place. In the intertubular tissue lipoid and secretion cells appear in abnormally large numbers. In 10 days the deferent ducts pass over from the quiescent into the fully-activated stage. In spring-birds (Pl. III), being in the reproductive stage, the administration of gestyl has practically no effect. In this stage the intertubular tissue also contains both lipoid and secretion cells. 4. From the results mentioned under 3, and the fact that in the control bird of 28 January, being in the beginning of the progressive stage (Pl. II), many lipoid cells were found, whereas its deferent ducts were still quiescent, it is concluded that only the secretion cells produce the male sex-hormone. The lipoid cells, which amongst others contain cholesterol, possess only a trophic function. 5. The difference in reaction of the seminiferous tubules of birds to chorionic and hypophyseal gonadotrophins as well as the function of the interstitial cells are discussed. Most opinions on the last-mentioned subject are not sufficiently well founded, as the investigators used routine techniques only for the cytological investigation of the interstitial tissue.

scholarly journals Seasonal Expression of NGF and Its Cognate Receptors in the Ovaries of Grey Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Francesco Alessandro Palermo ◽  
Antonello Bufalari ◽  
Francesca Mercati ◽  
Daniele Paoloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Grey Squirrels

The grey squirrel is an invasive alien species that seriously threatens the conservation of the native red squirrel species. With the aim of characterizing the reproductive physiology of this species due to its great reproductive success, the function of the ovarian nerve growth factor (NGF) system was analyzed in a grey squirrel population living in central Italy. During the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, the ovarian presence, distribution, and gene expression of NGF, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (NTRK1), and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), as well as NGF plasma concentrations, were evaluated in female grey squirrels. NGF was found in the luteal cells and in the thecal and granulosa cells of follicles, while NTRK1 and NGFR were only observed in follicular thecal and granulosa cells. NGF and NGFR transcripts were almost two-fold greater during the breeding season, while no seasonal differences were observed in NTRK1 gene expression. During the breeding season, NGFR was more expressed than NTRK1. Moreover, no changes were observed in NGF plasma levels during the reproductive cycle. The NGF system seems to be involved in regulating the ovarian cycle mainly via local modulation of NGF/NGFR, thus playing a role in the reproductive physiology of this grey squirrel population.

Distribution of 125I-labelled follicle-stimulating hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin in the gonads of hypogonadal (hpg) mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Charlton ◽  
Dilys Parry ◽  
D. M. G. Halpin ◽  
R. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

Hypogonadal mice are deficient in LH releasing hormone (LH-RH), the releasing factor for LH and FSH, with a consequent failure of postnatal ovarian and testicular development. After intravenous injection of hypogonadal females with 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), followed by autoradiography of semi-thin (1 μm) slices of the ovary, labelled hCG was found to be associated with interstitial cells and thecal cells with little or no labelling of granulosa cells. Labelled human FSH was associated solely with granulosa cells. Hypogonadal females, implanted for 5 days with a silicone elastomer capsule of oestrogen, showed a similar response to that of normal females with hCG labelling of the granulosa cells of the larger follicles as well as of the thecal cell layer. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of hypogonadal females with LH-RH (50 ng), 12 times daily for 5 days, increased uterine weight and stimulated ovarian development with some large follicles binding hCG to both thecal and granulosa cells. Therefore stimulation of follicular development may possibly be associated with increased oestradiol concentrations. In the male, after injection of 125I-labelled hCG, silver grains were associated with the interstitial cells alone in both hypogonadal and normal mice. Labelled human FSH was undetectable in semi-thin testicular sections, but the mode of injection (intravenous) may not have allowed enough labelled hormone to reach the testis in order to resolve the question as to whether the hypogonadal or normal testis can bind FSH.

Reproduction in the Ningbing Antechinus (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - Field and Laboratory Observations

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Males And Females

The ningbing antechinus is a species of small dasyurid marsupial found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Observations on reproduction have been made on newly captured and laboratory maintained specimens. The breeding season is short and mating occurs in June. The young are born after a long gestation, estimated to be between 45 and 52 days, in late July and early August. They are weaned in November when about 16 weeks old and they reach sexual maturity at 10-11 months, in the first breeding season after birth. Both males and females are potentially capable of breeding in a second season.

The Ecology of Rattus lutreolus III*. The Rise and Fall of a Commensal Population

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mark Recapture

A free-living population of R. lutreolus living in and around the zoo enclosures of the Sir Colin MacKenzie Fauna Park at Healesville was studied for 27 months by use of mark-recapture trapping techniques. The demography of this population is compared with that of a natural heathland population. The breeding season was 2-3 months longer, growth of juveniles was more rapid, sexual maturity earlier, minimum survival shorter, body size larger, and habitat use less restricted in the commensal population. The evolution of the population and its decline are discussed.

Distribution of ornithine decarboxylase in ovaries of rat and hamster during pro-oestrus

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lo Persson ◽  
Karin Isaksson ◽  
Elsa Rosengren ◽  
Frank Sundler
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Rate Limiting

Abstract. The biosynthesis of polyamines is dramatically increased in the ovaries of rat and hamster during the evening of pro-oestrus. In an attempt to shed some light on the physiological function of this biosynthesis ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the polyamines, was immunohistochemically localized in the ovaries from rat and hamster during pro-oestrus. At dioestrus, only a few immunoreactive cells were found in the ovaries. During the evening of pro-oestrus, on the other hand, numerous immunoreactive cells were observed in the ovaries. These cells were confined to the internal thecal layer of Graafian as well as smaller follicles and to the interstitial tissue of the ovary. The granulosa cells appeared to be devoid of immunoreactive ODC. The hamster ovary, which during this time exhibited considerably higher levels of ODC activity than the ovaries from the rat, did accordingly contain more immunoreactive cells than the rat ovary.

The effect of melatonin implants on breeding activity and litter size in commercial sheep flocks in the UK

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haresign ◽  
A. R. Peters ◽  
L. D. Staples
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant

ABSTRACTTwo trials were undertaken to investigate the effects of treating seasonally anoestrous ewes with melatonin implants on date of first oestrus and other aspects of reproductive performance.Trial 1 involved a total of 368 Mule ewes and 79 Scottish Blackface ewes on five farms, approximately half of which were treated with a single subcutaneous implant of melatonin (Regulin®), containing 18 mg melatonin, between 23 July and 6 August 1986 and the remainder acted as untreated controls. Treatment had no significant effect on the date of first oestrus or conception rate in Mule ewes, although it increased the number of Scottish Blackface ewes mating (92% v. 73%) and the number of mated ewes conceiving (69% v. 54%) in a 5-week mating period, resulting in significantly more treated ewes lambing (63% v. 37%; P < 0·01). Litter size was higher in 4/5 flocks, although this only reached statistical significance in one Mule flock and the Scottish Blackface flock.A total of 2116 ewes from 17 commercial flocks were used in trial 2, approximately half of which were Suffolk/Suffolk-cross ewes and the remainder Mule/Mule-cross ewes. Implantation with melatonin occurred between 22 June and 24 July 1987. Flocks with over 100 ewes were divided into three equal-sized groups and treated with either 18 mg melatonin (one implant of Regulin, 36 mg melatonin (two implants of Regulin given at the same time) or acted as untreated controls. Flocks with less than 100 ewes contained only the 18 mg melatonin and untreated control groups. Treatment with melatonin significantly advanced the date of first oestrus in most flocks of both breeds (P < 0·05) but the magnitude of this effect was variable. Significant (P < 0·05 at least) increases in ‘potential’ (from scanning) mean litter size (+0·13 to +0·18) and actual mean litter size (+0·11 to +0·14) resulting from treatment with melatonin were apparent in ewes of both breeds when the data were pooled across all flocks, but only in 4/17 of the individual flocks.These results indicate that treatment with melatonin implants may be a simple and effective way of advancing the breeding season and enhancing litter size of early lambing flocks under commercial farming conditions in the United Kingdom, but treatment must be given >60 days before the start of the natural breeding season for benefits in date of first oestrus to be manifest.

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