Cultural implications of late Holocene climate change in the Cuenca Oriental, Mexico

There is currently no consensus on the importance of climate change in Mesoamerican prehistory. Some invoke drought as a causal factor in major cultural transitions, including the abandonment of many sites at 900 CE, while others conclude that cultural factors were more important. This lack of agreement reflects the fact that the history of climate change in many regions of Mesoamerica is poorly understood. We present paleolimnological evidence suggesting that climate change was important in the abandonment of Cantona between 900 CE and 1050 CE. At its peak, Cantona was one of the largest cities in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, with a population of 90,000 inhabitants. The site is located in the Cuenca Oriental, a semiarid basin east of Mexico City. We developed a subcentennial reconstruction of regional climate from a nearby maar lake, Aljojuca. The modern climatology of the region suggests that sediments record changes in summer monsoonal precipitation. Elemental geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence) and δ18O from authigenic calcite indicate a centennial-scale arid interval between 500 CE and 1150 CE, overlaid on a long-term drying trend. Comparison of this record to Cantona’s chronology suggests that both the city’s peak population and its abandonment occurred during this arid period. The human response to climate change most likely resulted from the interplay of environmental and political factors. During earlier periods of Cantona’s history, increasing aridity and political unrest may have actually increased the city’s importance. However, by 1050 CE, this extended arid period, possibly combined with regional political change, contributed to the city’s abandonment.

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Climate Change Controls Phosphorus Transport from the Watershed into Lake Kinneret (Israel)

10.1101/2021.03.16.435628 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moshe Gophen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Regional Climate Change ◽

Lake Kinneret ◽

Phosphorus Transport ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Hula Valley ◽

Reclamation Project ◽

The Impact

AbstractPart of the Kinneret watershed, the Hula Valley, was modified from wetlands – shallow lake for agricultural cultivation. Enhancement of nutrient fluxes into Lake Kinneret was predicted. Therefore, a reclamation project was implemented and eco-tourism partly replaced agriculture. Since the mid-1980s, regional climate change has been documented. Statistical evaluation of long-term records of TP (Total Phosphorus) concentrations in headwaters and potential resources in the Hula Valley was carried out to identify efficient management design targets. Significant correlation between major headwater river discharge and TP concentration was indicated, whilst the impact of external fertilizer loads and 50,000 winter migratory cranes was probably negligible. Nevertheless, confirmed severe bdamage to agricultural crops carried out by cranes led to their maximal deportation and optimization of their feeding policy. Consequently, the continuation of the present management is recommended.

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A conceptual framework for multi-regional climate change assessments for international market systems with long-term investments

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-009-9781-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (3-4) ◽

pp. 445-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Julie A. Winkler ◽

Suzanne Thornsbury ◽

Marco Artavia ◽

Frank-M. Chmielewski ◽

Dieter Kirschke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Regional Climate Change ◽

International Market

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Travel and Tourism

A New World Post COVID-19 ◽

10.30687/978-88-6969-442-4/027 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Palmer

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Political Expediency ◽

History Of

The travel and tourism sector was hit more rapidly and deeply by COVID-19 than most other sectors. Recovery to pre-COVID-19 activity levels is likely to be prolonged, and questions are raised whether enforced change in consumer behaviour will have long-term effects. The travel and tourism sector has a history of reinventing itself, and previous predictions of decline following crises have often been short-lived. This chapter reviews historical precedents and theories of consumer behaviour to explore whether recovery will be different this time round, especially given the possible habit breaking effects of online substitutes, and political expediency of reducing causes of climate change.

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Predicting evolution in response to climate change: the example of sprouting probability in three dormancy-prone orchid species

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.160647 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 160647 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Richard P. Shefferson ◽

Ryo Mizuta ◽

Michael J. Hutchings

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Adaptive Dynamics ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Vital Rates ◽

Spring Precipitation ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Climate Forecasts ◽

Core Elements ◽

Dynamics Models

Although many ecological properties of species respond to climate change, their evolutionary responses are poorly understood. Here, we use data from long-term demographic studies to predict evolutionary responses of three herbaceous perennial orchid species, Cypripedium parviflorum , C. candidum and Ophrys sphegodes , to predicted climate changes in the habitats they occupy. We focus on the evolution of sprouting probability, because all three species exhibit long-term vegetative dormancy, i.e. individual plants may not emerge above-ground, potentially for several consecutive years. The drivers of all major vital rates for populations of the species were analysed with general linear mixed models (GLMMs). High-dimensionality function-based matrix projection models were then developed to serve as core elements of deterministic and stochastic adaptive dynamics models used to analyse the adaptive context of sprouting in all populations. We then used regional climate forecasts, derived from high-resolution general atmospheric circulation models, of increased mean annual temperatures and spring precipitation at the occupied sites, to predict evolutionary trends in sprouting. The models predicted that C. parviflorum and O. sphegodes will evolve higher and lower probabilities of sprouting, respectively, by the end of the twenty-first century, whereas, after considerable variation, the probability of sprouting in C. candidum will return to its current level. These trends appear to be driven by relationships between mortality and size: in C. parviflorum and C. candidum , mortality is negatively related to size in the current year but positively related to growth since the previous year, whereas in O. sphegodes , mortality is positively related to size.

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Local effects of global climate change on the urban drainage system of Hamburg

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.320 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 1107-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Klaus Krieger ◽

Andreas Kuchenbecker ◽

Nina Hüffmeyer ◽

Hans-Reinhard Verworn

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Planning Process ◽

Climate Model ◽

Global Climate ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Drainage System ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Sewer Network

The Hamburg Water Group owns and operates a sewer network with a total length of more than 5,700 km. There has been increasing attention paid to the possible impacts of predicted changes in precipitation patterns on the sewer network infrastructure. The primary objective of the work presented in this paper is an estimation of the hydraulic impacts of climate change on the Hamburg drainage system. As a first step, simulated rainfalls based on the regional climate model REMO were compared and validated with long-term precipitation measurements. In the second step, the hydraulic effects on the sewer network of Hamburg have been analyzed based on simulated long-term rainfall series for the period of 2000–2100. Simulation results show a significant increase in combined sewer overflows by 50% as well as an increase in surcharges of storm sewer manholes. However, there is still a substantial amount of uncertainty resulting from model uncertainty and unknown development of future greenhouse gas emissions. So far, there seems to be no sound basis for the implementation of an overall climate factor for sewer dimensioning for the Hamburg region. Nevertheless, possible effects of climate change should be taken into account within the planning process for major sewer extensions or modifications.

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Percutaneous Retrieval of a Fragmented Port-a-Cath With the Snaring Technique

Disease and Diagnosis ◽

10.34172/ddj.2021.32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 180-182

Author(s):

Hossein Farshidi ◽

Moazameh Mohammadi Soleimani ◽

Dariush Hooshyar

Keyword(s):

Foreign Bodies ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Outer Part ◽

Venous Catheter ◽

Central Venous ◽

Percutaneous Retrieval ◽

X Ray ◽

History Of ◽

Chest X Ray

Background: Long-term use of central venous catheters is common in cancer patients for chemotherapy. The remaining of these catheters after the end of the treatment period can be associated with complications such as thrombosis and catheter fragmentation. Case Report: This report presents a 42-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer whose inner part of the vascular access was detached from the outer part after removing the central venous catheter, and the catheter remained inside the internal jugular vein. After preparing the patient’s chest X-ray, the catheter was removed from the femoral vein by percutaneous retrieval and successfully taken out using the snaring technique. Conclusion: Overall, percutaneous retrieval is a safe way to remove intravascular foreign bodies that can prevent major surgical complications.

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Vulnerabilidade da mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais face às mudanças climáticas \ The vulnerability of the Northern Minas Gerais mesoregion in the face of climate change

Caderno de Geografia ◽

10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n56p134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (56) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Letícia Oliveira Freitas ◽

Tomás Calheiros ◽

Ruibran Januário dos Reis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Medium Term ◽

Representative Concentration Pathways ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Climate Downscaling

As mudanças climáticas já são realidade e os relatórios do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) deixam claro que mudanças aceleradas vêm sendo observadas após a revolução industrial, em função de atividades antropogênicas. Variações climáticas significativas podem mudar as características físicas atuais, impor restrições de ocupações e impactar os setores ambiental, social e econômico. Com clima quente e seco, a mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais se mostra frágil às mudanças climáticas. Importantes atividades econômicas como agricultura, pecuária, agroindústrias e usinas hidrelétricas estão relacionadas às condições climáticas. A ocupação por populações com perfil socioeconômico limitado coloca a mesorregião em situação de vulnerabilidade. Neste estudo são mostradas as projeções futuras de temperatura e precipitação, considerando um Modelo Climático Regional forçado por dois diferentes Modelos Climáticos Globais fornecidos pelo Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), para médio prazo (2041-2070) e longo prazo (2071-2100) em dois cenários climáticos Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), assumindo maiores (RCP 8.5) ou menores (RCP 4.5) emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE). Os modelos projetam aumento da temperatura em até 4ºC a médio prazo e até 5ºC a longo prazo, sendo mais intenso na primavera. Os modelos estimam secas no outono e inverno, chuvas de até 1000mm no verão e entre 400 e 800mm na primavera, com considerável variação espacial. Os efeitos dessas alterações são potenciais para atingirem os setores agropecuário, energético e industrial, a qualidade de vida e saúde das populações e a economia em nível regional. A implementação de medidas de mitigação e adaptação ao clima são desafiantes para populações com economias pouco desenvolvidas, como as do Norte de Minas.Palavras–chave: Mudanças climáticas. Modelos climáticos regionais. Temperatura e precipitação. Vulnerabilidade. Mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais.Climate change is already a reality, and the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) make it clear that accelerated changes have been observed following the industrial revolution as a result of anthropogenic activities. Significant climatic variations can change current physical characteristics, impose technical constraints, and impact the environmental, social, and economic sectors. With a hot and dry climate, the northern mesoregion of Minas Gerais is fragile to climate change. Principal economic activities such as agriculture, livestock, agribusiness and hydroelectric plants are related to climatic conditions. The occupation by populations with a limited socioeconomic profile places the mesoregion in a situation of vulnerability. In this study the future projections of temperature and precipitation are shown, considering a Regional Climatic Model forced by two different Global Climate Models provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), medium term (2041-2070) and long term (2071-2100 ) in two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) climatic scenarios, assuming larger (RCP 8.5) or lower (RCP 4.5) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The models project a temperature increase of up to 4ºC in the medium term and up to 5ºC in the long term, being more intense in the spring. The models estimate droughts in autumn and winter, rainfall up to 1000mm in summer and between 400 and 800mm in spring, with considerable spatial variation. The effects of these changes are potential to reach the agricultural, energy and industrial sectors, the quality of life and health of populations and the economy at the regional level. The implementation of climate mitigation and adaptation measures is challenging for populations with poor economies, such as those in Northern Minas.

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Flood Country

10.1071/9780643106659 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Emily O'Gorman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

Murray Darling Basin ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

History Of ◽

Access To Water ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Significant Region

Floods in the Murray-Darling Basin are crucial sources of water for people, animals and plants in this often dry region of inland eastern Australia. Even so, floods have often been experienced as natural disasters, which have led to major engineering schemes. Flood Country explores the contested and complex history of this region, examining the different ways in which floods have been understood and managed and some of the long-term consequences for people, rivers and ecologies. The book examines many tensions, ranging from early exchanges between Aboriginal people and settlers about the dangers of floods, through to long running disputes between graziers and irrigators over damming floodwater, and conflicts between residents and colonial governments over whose responsibility it was to protect townships from floods. Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary national debates about climate change and competing access to water for livelihoods, industries and ecosystems. It provides an important new historical perspective on this significant region of Australia, exploring how people, rivers and floods have re-made each other.

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Searles Lake evaporite sequences: Indicators of late Pleistocene/Holocene lake temperatures, brine evolution, and pCO2

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/b35857.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristian J. Olson ◽

Tim K. Lowenstein

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Co2 Injection ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Lake Chemistry ◽

Lake Sediment Core ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

History Of ◽

Brine Evolution

Searles Lake, California, was a saline-alkaline lake that deposited >25 non-clastic minerals that record the history of lake chemistry and regional climate. Here, the mineralogy and petrography from the late Pleistocene/Holocene (32−6 ka) portion of a new Searles Lake sediment core, SLAPP-SRLS17, is combined with thermodynamic models to determine the geochemical and paleoclimate conditions required to produce the observed mineral phases, sequences, and abundances. The models reveal that the primary precipitates formed by open system (i.e., fractional crystallization), whereas the early diagenetic salts formed by salinity-driven closed system back-reactions (i.e., equilibrium crystallization). For core SLAPP-SRLS17, the defining evaporite sequence trona → burkeite → halite indicates brine temperatures within a 20−29 °C range, implying thermally insulating lake depths >10 m during salt deposition. Evaporite phases reflect lake water pCO2 consistent with contemporaneous atmospheric values of ∼190−270 ppmv. However, anomalous layers of nahcolite and thenardite indicate pulses of pCO2 > 700−800 ppm, likely due to variable CO2 injection along faults. Core sedimentology indicates that Searles Lake was continuously perennial between 32 ka and 6 ka such that evaporite units reflect periods of net evaporation but never complete desiccation. Model simulations indicate that cycles of partial evaporation and dilution strongly influence long-term brine evolution by amassing certain species, particularly Cl−, that only occur in late-stage soluble salts. A model incorporating long-term brine dynamics corrects previous mass-balance anomalies and shows that the late Pleistocene/Holocene (32−6 ka) salts are partially inherited from the solutes introduced into earlier lakes going back at least 150 ka.

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Long Term Anticoagulation (4–16 Years) Stops Progression of Idiopathic Hip Osteonecrosis Associated with Familial Thrombophilia

Advances in Orthopedics ◽

10.1155/2015/138382 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Charles J. Glueck ◽

Richard A. Freiberg ◽

Robert Wissman ◽

Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Protein C ◽

Activated Protein C ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Factor V ◽

X Ray ◽

History Of ◽

Bleeding Episodes ◽

Fv Leiden

In 6 patients with familial thrombophilia (5 Factor V (FV) Leiden heterozygotes, 1 with resistance to activated protein C (RAPC)), we prospectively assessed whether continuous longterm (4–16 years) anticoagulation would prevent progression of idiopathic osteonecrosis (ON), ameliorate pain, and facilitate functional recovery. Four men and 2 women (9 hips, 8 Ficat stage II, 1 stage I) were anticoagulated with enoxaparin (60 mg/day) for 3 months and subsequently with Coumadin, Xarelto, or Pradaxa, warranted by≥2 prior thrombotic events. Anticoagulation was continued for 4, 4, 9, 13, 13, and 16 years, with serial clinical and X-ray follow-up. On 4–16-years anticoagulation, 9 hips in the 6 patients (8 originally Ficat II, 1 Ficat I) remained unchanged, contrasted to untreated ON Ficat stage II, where 50%–80% of hips progress to collapse (Ficat stages III-IV) within 2 years after diagnosis. Within 3, 3, 3, 9, and 16 months after starting anticoagulation, 5 patients became pain-free and remained asymptomatic throughout follow-up; the 6th patient required Percocet for pain. There were no significant bleeding episodes. Long term (4–16 years) anticoagulation initiated in Ficat stages I-II of idiopathic hip ON in patients with FV-RAPC changes the natural history of ON, stopping progression, resolving pain, and restoring function.

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