scholarly journals Science for a wilder Anthropocene: Synthesis and future directions for trophic rewilding research

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Christian Svenning ◽  
Pil B. M. Pedersen ◽  
C. Josh Donlan ◽  
Rasmus Ejrnæs ◽  
Søren Faurby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Cascades ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Large Animals

Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy that uses species introductions to restore top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems. Given the importance of large animals in trophic cascades and their widespread losses and resulting trophic downgrading, it often focuses on restoring functional megafaunas. Trophic rewilding is increasingly being implemented for conservation, but remains controversial. Here, we provide a synthesis of its current scientific basis, highlighting trophic cascades as the key conceptual framework, discussing the main lessons learned from ongoing rewilding projects, systematically reviewing the current literature, and highlighting unintentional rewilding and spontaneous wildlife comebacks as underused sources of information. Together, these lines of evidence show that trophic cascades may be restored via species reintroductions and ecological replacements. It is clear, however, that megafauna effects may be affected by poorly understood trophic complexity effects and interactions with landscape settings, human activities, and other factors. Unfortunately, empirical research on trophic rewilding is still rare, fragmented, and geographically biased, with the literature dominated by essays and opinion pieces. We highlight the need for applied programs to include hypothesis testing and science-based monitoring, and outline priorities for future research, notably assessing the role of trophic complexity, interplay with landscape settings, land use, and climate change, as well as developing the global scope for rewilding and tools to optimize benefits and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. Finally, we recommend developing a decision framework for species selection, building on functional and phylogenetic information and with attention to the potential contribution from synthetic biology.

Promoting Inclusive Schooling Practices through Practitioner Directed Inquiry

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Salisbury ◽  
Linda L. Wilson ◽  
Mary M. Palombaro
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Schooling Practices ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Inclusive Schooling ◽  
General Education Classrooms

This report describes findings from a federally funded research project on practitioner directed inquiry (PDI). First, the project is described and details are provided about the use of PDI by 45 different practitioners in five primary/elementary schools in two states. These practitioners designed, implemented, and evaluated solutions to classroom and building-level issues affecting the inclusion of students with mild to profound disabilities in general education classrooms. The link between data collection and decision making is explored, as are findings related to student and practitioner outcomes. Evidence to support findings is derived from observations, interviews, survey data, and practitioner inquiry reports. Second, lessons learned by project staff about promoting the adoption and use of practitioner directed inquiry are described. The role of project staff in supporting the inquiry process is explored. Quotes from participants are used throughout the study to illustrate key findings. Implications for future research and use of the approach are shared.

Job Information Networks, Neighborhood Effects, and Inequality

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis M Ioannides ◽  
Linda Datcher Loury
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Job Information

This paper explores the theoretical and empirical literature to examine the use by different social groups of informal sources of information provided by friends, relatives, and acquaintances during job search and its consequences for the job market. It also addresses the role of network structure and size, the resource endowments of contacts, and nature of the links between contacts to explain differences in the effects of job information networks. In doing so, the paper also turns to the sociology literature on job information networks and provides an economic perspective on such sociological concepts as strong versus weak ties, inbreeding, distance from structural holes, etc. The paper distinguishes between models of exogenous job information networks, that is where individuals obtain job-related information through a given social structure, and endogenous job information networks, which are social networks that result from individuals' uncoordinated actions. The paper pays special attention to such issues as physical and social proximity and sharing of information and discusses them in the context of the recent social interactions and neighborhood effects literature. Finally, the paper outlines a model that integrates job information networks, where interactions occur in business cycle frequencies, with the dynamics of human capital formation, which include the joint effects of parental, community and neighborhood human capital, and are set in life cycle frequencies, for the purpose of organizing suggestions for future research and examining earned income inequality.

scholarly journals Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country: a review of the New Zealand literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
G.B. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Hill Country

Steep, non-cultivable hill country below 1000 m comprises about 40% of New Zealand's land surface and is known as "hill country". It is used predominantly for mixed livestock farming, and makes a large contribution to the national economy. Recently there has been renewed interest by industry and government in germplasm introduction through pasture establishment to increase forage supply in these difficult environments. In this review, establishment is defined as development of a sown pasture species to a stage where it is able to reseed. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of key factors associated with pre-sowing management, sowing, and post-sowing management on establishment, including: site selection, herbicides, the role of litter, grazing management, burning, weed and pest control, fallow, fertiliser, species selection, seed quality, sowing time, sowing method, sowing rate, seed inoculation, coating and pelleting, natural reseeding and dissemination of seeds by animals. Over 120 studies were reviewed. A secondary aim was to highlight directions for future research. Keywords: establishment success, sowing, pasture renewal, oversowing

scholarly journals Appraising positive aspects of shared history through contact- A preliminary model of reconciliation among Hindus and Muslims of the Kashmir Valley

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sramana Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Identity Based

The long-standing political conflict in the Kashmir Valley has resulted in identity based polarization and subsequent displacement of communities. Reconciliation between Hindus (also known as Pandits) and Muslims is viewed as an important step in any sustainable effort towards conflict resolution and peacebuilding in the Valley. This paper begins by examining the much debated territorial and cultural concept of ‘Kashmiriyat’ and instead proposes an alternative lens that emphasizes on shared history as opposed to common identity. We approach reconciliation through a socio-psychological lens by examining the role of a shared cultural past and historical coexistence- or simply put as shared history, as a positive resource that can be appraised by facilitating intergroup contact through certain channels. The possible impediments are discussed and future directions have been outlined. The conclusion emphasizes on the need to focus on intra-communal reconciliation in populations suffering from ongoing intractable conflict, and the necessary need for future research to focus on elements like shared history and collective memory that can be essential in post conflict recovery.

scholarly journals The role of career shocks in contemporary career development: key challenges and ways forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466
Author(s):  
Jos Akkermans ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues ◽  
Stefan T. Mol ◽  
Scott E. Seibert ◽  
Svetlana N. Khapova
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Current State ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article aims to introduce the special issue entitled “the role of career shocks in contemporary career development,” synthesize key contributions and formulate a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide an introduction of the current state-of-the-art in career shocks research, offer an overview of the key lessons learned from the special issue and present several important avenues for future research.FindingsThe authors discuss how the special issue articles contribute to a better understanding of career shocks' role in contemporary career development, focusing on (1) conceptual clarity of the notion of career shocks, (2) career outcomes of career shocks, (3) mechanisms that can explain the impact of career shocks and (4) interdisciplinary connectivity.Originality/valueThis article offers a synthesis of the critical contributions made within this special issue, thereby formulating key ways to bring the field of career shocks research forward. It also provides new avenues for research.

scholarly journals Cyber Governance and the Financial Services Sector: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria San Juan Menacho ◽  
Aaron Martin
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Financial Services Sector

This contribution is the first to explore in depth the various financial services sector organizations focused on cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection. We first discuss how governance over security and the protection of critical infrastructure has increased the focus on the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in addressing issues of cybersecurity. We continue by highlighting three sector-led bodies—the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council, and the Financial Systemic Analysis and Resilience Center—and how each facilitates PPPs to address cyber challenges primarily in the areas of information sharing, policy coordination, and threat analytics, respectively. The chapter concludes with a discussion of lessons learned and remarks on future research avenues in the area of cybersecurity governance. These lessons include: 1) validation of the PPP model, with some important caveats, 2) the need to extend PPPs beyond information sharing to address systemic risks, and 3) the limitations of PPPs in regulated industries like finance.

Assessing 40 Years of Group Vitality Research and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Y. Bourhis ◽  
Itesh Sachdev ◽  
Martin Ehala ◽  
Howard Giles
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Language Minorities ◽  
Future Research Directions

This article provides key group vitality concepts followed by a selective overview of four decades of research on vitality issues. Group vitality is what makes language communities behave as distinctive and active collective entities within multilingual settings. Three structural factors combine to foster strong to weak group vitality: demographic factors, institutional support, and status. The objective vitality framework uses available census and sociolinguistic indicators to measure the relative vitality of minority and majority language communities in contact. Two case studies show the crucial role of language policies in improving or undermining the vitality of language minorities in Canada. Studies of subjective perceptions of group vitality are reviewed as they relate to language and communicative outcomes. Key vitality models are noted along with future research directions highlighting the need for a theoretical integration of the vitality framework.

Psychopathy as an Emergent Interpersonal Syndrome: Further Reflections and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Brett Murphy ◽  
Thomas H. Costello ◽  
Shauna M. Bowes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alternative Models

In our article (Lilienfeld et al., 2019), we hypothesized that psychopathy and some other personality disorders are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations of distinct personality subdimensions. We respond to three commentaries by distinguished scholars who raise provocative challenges to our arguments and intriguing suggestions for future research. We clarify the role of folk concepts in our understanding of psychopathy, offer further suggestions for testing our interactional hypotheses, consider the role of boldness in motivational accounts of psychopathy, and discuss future directions for incorporating developmental considerations and the role of victims in our EIS account. We are optimistic that this account will prove to be of heuristic value, and should encourage researchers and theoreticians to explore alternative models of psychopathy and other personality disorders.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Food Standards Agency's (FSA) food Choice research programmes and to the report of the FSA seminar on peer-led approaches to dietary change held in July 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
Vivien Lund ◽  
Lynn Stockley ◽  
Louis Levy
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Physical Barriers

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the Food Standards Agency's (FSA) Food Acceptability & Choice and Food Choice Inequalities research programmes and the context for the FSA seminar on peer-led approaches to dietary change held in July 2006.ResultsThe aims of the FSA's food choice research programmes are to identify the social, psychological and physical barriers to achieving a healthier diet and how they might be addressed. Results of the research provide the scientific basis for some FSA advice on healthy eating. An important element of both programmes is the output of practical tools and resources that can be used by health professionals, nutritionists, teachers and others to encourage people to eat a healthy diet. The FSA held a seminar in July 2006 in order to identify the specific and general learning points from three peer-led intervention studies and to discuss how these could best be communicated to various audiences, including practitioners, researchers and policy-makers.ConclusionsThe seminar provided a useful forum for discussion. The FSA will ensure that lessons learned from these peer-led intervention studies are taken account of in the planning, appraisal and management of future research projects, in the communication of project results and in the dissemination of resources.

Identifying Managerial Influences on Exporting: Past Research and Future Directions

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas C. Leonidou ◽  
Constantine S. Katsikeas ◽  
Nigel F. Piercy
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Export Behavior

Research on exporting frequently stresses the role of managerial characteristics as influences on the export behavior of the firm. This article reviews the conceptual, methodological, and empirical insights gained from a systematic analysis of 46 studies conducted on this subject. Undoubtedly, this stream of research has enhanced understanding of the importance of managerial elements in affecting exporting activities. However, conceptually this research is still in its exploratory phase of development, lacking an integral theoretical framework. Certain methodological limitations are also identified, especially with respect to sampling designs, fieldwork procedures, and analytical methods. Empirically, hypothesized associations between managerial factors and export dimensions lead to diverse and sometimes conflicting findings, except for attributes of a general-subjective nature that demonstrate a consistently strong relationship with exporting—particularly in relation to the firm's propensity to export. The review reaches certain significant conclusions and suggests directions for future research in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document