scholarly journals Cross-cultural regularities in the cognitive architecture of pride

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1874-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sznycer ◽  
Laith Al-Shawaf ◽  
Yoella Bereby-Meyer ◽  
Oliver Scott Curry ◽  
Delphine De Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Behavior

Pride occurs in every known culture, appears early in development, is reliably triggered by achievements and formidability, and causes a characteristic display that is recognized everywhere. Here, we evaluate the theory that pride evolved to guide decisions relevant to pursuing actions that enhance valuation and respect for a person in the minds of others. By hypothesis, pride is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition and behavior in the service of: (i) motivating the cost-effective pursuit of courses of action that would increase others’ valuations and respect of the individual, (ii) motivating the advertisement of acts or characteristics whose recognition by others would lead them to enhance their evaluations of the individual, and (iii) mobilizing the individual to take advantage of the resulting enhanced social landscape. To modulate how much to invest in actions that might lead to enhanced evaluations by others, the pride system must forecast the magnitude of the evaluations the action would evoke in the audience and calibrate its activation proportionally. We tested this prediction in 16 countries across 4 continents (n= 2,085), for 25 acts and traits. As predicted, the pride intensity for a given act or trait closely tracks the valuations of audiences, local (meanr= +0.82) and foreign (meanr= +0.75). This relationship is specific to pride and does not generalize to other positive emotions that coactivate with pride but lack its audience-recalibrating function.

Analytic Evaluation of Engine NVH Robustness Due to Manufacturing Variations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Batteh ◽  
Michael M. Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Large Engine ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Noise Vibration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Noise Factors

In an effort to improve quality, shorten engine development times, and reduce costly and time-consuming experimental work, analytic modeling is being used upstream in the product development process to evaluate engine robustness to noise factors. This paper describes a model-based method for evaluating engine NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) robustness due to manufacturing variations for a statistically significant engine population. A brief discussion of the cycle simulation model and its capabilities is included. The methodology consists of Monte Carlo simulations involving several noise factors to obtain the crank-angle resolved response of the combustion process and Fourier analysis of the resulting engine torque. Further analysis of the Fourier results leads to additional insights regarding the relative importance of and sensitivity to the individual noise factors. While the cost and resources required to experimentally evaluate a large engine population can be prohibitive, the analytical modeling proved to be a cost-effective way of analyzing the engine robustness taking into account manufacturing process capability.

scholarly journals Features of Volitional Regulation of Komi-Zyryans and Russians

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Shlyapnikov ◽  
O.V. Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The results of a cross-cultural study of volitional regulation in Komi-Zyryans and Russians are presented. Two samples of 100 representatives of Komi (Syktyvkar) and 100 representatives of Russian (Moscow) was compared. The samples were balanced by gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics. To diagnose the individual characteristics of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-evaluation of volitional qualities. The significant differences between Komi-Zyryans and Russians in behavioral (p=0,05) and social self-control (p=0,01), self-appraisals of volitional qualities: disciplined (p=0,01), persistent (p=0,01), strong-willed (p=0,05), initiative (p=0,05), restrained (p=0,05), patient (p=0,01), stubborn (p=0,01), calm (p=0,01), attentive (p=0,01) were showed. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the presence of cross-cultural differences in the parameters of volitional regulation and confirm the ideas of the volition as a higher mental function.

scholarly journals Features of volitional regulation among representatives of different ethnocultural groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
V.A. Ivannikov ◽  
V.N. Shlyapnikov
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnocultural Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Former Ussr

The results of a cross-cultural study of volitional regulation in in representatives of 11 ethno-cultural groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation and the former USSR are presented. The representatives of the Armenian, Bashkir, Byelorussian, Jewish, Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Ukrainian peoples, as well as the Komi people were compared. The samples were balanced by gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics. In total, 1156 people took part in the study. To diagnose the individual characteristics of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-evaluation of volitional qualities. The presence of significant differences between the groups for all measured parameters was shown (p<0.001). The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the presence of cross-cultural differences in the parameters of volitional regulation and confirm the ideas of the volition as a higher mental function.

Un modello cooperativo di gestione intermunicipale della raccolta differenziata dei rifiuti: un'applicazione del valore di Shapley

2009 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Vitoantonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Francesca Intini ◽  
Silvana Kuhtz
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Games ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Shapley Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transferable Utility Games

- In this work we have carried out a study in order to estimate and allocate the costs related to separate waste collection in an inter-municipal area located in the province of Bari (Italy). This analysis promotes the cooperation among municipalities to manage, in an optimal way, the waste collection service. Indeed, according to Italian laws, the municipalities are responsible for organizing the management of municipal waste in accordance with principles of transparency, efficiency, effectiveness and inexpensiveness. For this reason we have built a model of separate waste collection management, highlighting the different cost functions. The total cost of the service has been divided among the individual municipalities using the theory of cooperative games, stressing that local authorities are not interested in paying off more than they would pay if they organized independently. To achieve this goal, we have created a model of aggregation of quantitative information on equipments and specialized personnel (and their costs). The problem of the cost allocation is interpreted as an example of transferable utility games and it is resolved with the technique of Shapley values that are included in the nucleolus of the inter-municipal game. Therefore it is more cost-effective to entrust a single operator with the waste collection for each area or sub domain in order not to double service costs. This work on waste management can integrate the studies and applications of the theory of cooperative games in the environmental field.Key words: Separate waste collection, Shapley values, cost allocation.JEL classifications: Q53.Parole chiave: Raccolta differenziata, valore di Shapley, allocazione dei costi.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of alternative testing regimes and settings to detect undiagnosed HIV in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owain D. Williams ◽  
Judith A. Dean ◽  
Anna Crothers ◽  
Charles F. Gilks ◽  
Jeff Gow
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the comparative costs per positive diagnosis of previously undetected HIV in three testing regimes: conventional; parallel and point of care (POC) testing. The regimes are analysed in six testing settings in Australia where infection is concentrated but with low prevalence. Methods A cost model was developed to highlight the trade-offs between test and economic efficiency from a provider perspective. First, an estimate of the number of tests needed to find a true (previously undiagnosed) positive diagnosis was made. Second, estimates of the average cost per positive diagnosis in whole of population (WoP) and men who have sex with men (MSM) was made, then third, aggregated to the total cost for diagnosis of all undetected infections. Results Parallel testing is as effective as conventional testing, but more economically efficient. POC testing provide two significant advantages over conventional testing: they screen out negatives effectively at comparatively lower cost and, with confirmatory testing of reactive results, there is no loss in efficiency. The average and total costs per detection in WoP are prohibitive, except for Home Self Testing. The diagnosis in MSM is cost effective in all settings, but especially using Home Self Testing when the individual assumes the cost of testing. Conclusions This study illustrates the trade-offs between economic and test efficiency and their interactions with population(s) prevalence. The efficient testing regimes and settings are presently under or not funded in Australia. Home Self Testing has the potential to dramatically increase testing rates at very little cost.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

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