scholarly journals Believability of evidence matters for correcting social impressions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9802-9807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Kathryn Flaharty ◽  
Melissa J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
It Impacts ◽  
Contradictory Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Properties Of Information ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
New Evidence

To what extent are we beholden to the information we encounter about others? Are there aspects of cognition that are unduly influenced by gossip or outright disinformation, even when we deem it unlikely to be true? Research has shown that implicit impressions of others are often insensitive to the truth value of the evidence. We examined whether the believability of new, contradictory information about others influenced whether people corrected their implicit and explicit impressions. Contrary to previous work, we found that across seven studies, the perceived believability of new evidence predicted whether people corrected their implicit impressions. Subjective assessments of truth value also uniquely predicted correction beyond other properties of information such as diagnosticity/extremity. This evidence shows that the degree to which someone thinks new information is true influences whether it impacts implicit impressions.

scholarly journals Lopinavir and Nelfinavir Induce the Accumulation of Crystalloid Lipid Inclusions within the Reservosomes of Trypanosoma cruzi and Inhibit Both Aspartyl-Type Peptidase and Cruzipain Activities Detected in These Crucial Organelles

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Leandro S. Sangenito ◽  
Miria G. Pereira ◽  
Thais Souto-Padron ◽  
Marta H. Branquinha ◽  
André L. S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Information ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Parasite Viability ◽  
Aspartyl Peptidases ◽  
New Evidence

Several research groups have explored the repositioning of human immunodeficiency virus aspartyl peptidase inhibitors (HIV-PIs) on opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, fungi and protozoa. In Trypanosoma cruzi, HIV-PIs have a high impact on parasite viability, and one of the main alterations promoted by this treatment is the imbalance in the parasite’s lipid metabolism. However, the reasons behind this phenomenon are unknown. In the present work, we observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the treatment of T. cruzi epimastigotes with the HIV-PIs lopinavir and nelfinavir induced a huge accumulation of crystalloid-shaped lipids within the reservosomes, most of them deforming these key organelles. As previously reported, those structures are characteristic of lipid inclusions formed mostly of cholesterol and cholesterol-esters. The fractionation of nontreated epimastigotes generated two distinct fractions enriched in reservosomes: one mostly composed of lipid inclusion-containing reservosomes (Fraction B1) and one where lipid inclusions were much less abundant (Fraction B2). Interestingly, the extract of Fraction B2 presented enzymatic activity related to aspartyl-type peptidases 3.5 times higher than that found in the extract obtained from Fraction B1. The cleavage of cathepsin D substrate by this class of peptidases was strongly impaired by pepstatin A, a prototypical aspartyl PI, and the HIV-PIs lopinavir and nelfinavir. In addition, both HIV-PIs also inhibited (to a lesser extent) the cruzipain activity present in reservosomes. Finally, our work provides new evidence concerning the presence and supposed participation of aspartyl peptidases in T. cruzi, even as it adds new information about the mechanisms behind the alterations promoted by lopinavir and nelfinavir in the protozoan.

Newton's financial misadventures in the South Sea Bubble

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Odlyzko
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Market Rationality ◽  
New Information ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
South Sea ◽  
New Research ◽  
New Evidence

A very popular investment anecdote relates how Isaac Newton, after cashing in large early gains, staked his fortune on the success of the South Sea Company of 1720 and lost heavily in the ensuing crash. However, this tale is based on only a few items of hard evidence, some of which are consistently misquoted and misinterpreted. A superficially plausible contrarian argument has also been made that he did not lose much in that period, and John Maynard Keynes even claimed Newton successfully surmounted the South Sea Bubble. This paper presents extensive new evidence that while Newton was a successful investor before this event, the folk tale about his making large gains but then being drawn back into that mania and suffering large losses is almost certainly correct. It probably even understates the extent of his financial miscalculations. Incidental to the clarification of this prominent issue, a controversy between Dale et al . and Shea about an aspect of market rationality during that bubble is settled. Some new information is also presented about Thomas Guy, famous for making a fortune out of the Bubble that paid for the establishment of Guy's Hospital, and other investors. The work reported here suggests new research directions and perspectives on bubbles.

Evaluating Credence Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Julia Staffel
Keyword(s):  
New Information ◽  
New Evidence

Chapter 7 shows how the rationality measures we established in previous chapters can be used to evaluate changes in a thinker’s credences. The focus is on how we can evaluate credence changes in thinkers who reason from irrational starting points. I consider three types of changes: cases in which the thinker revises their credences (i) without learning new information or adding new attitudes; (ii) without learning new information, but adding new attitudes; (iii) as a response to learning new evidence. Examining those cases leads to some interesting discoveries: An incoherent thinker can always form new credences based on their existing incoherent credences without becoming more incoherent. Also, the identification of good patterns of reasoning is of very limited benefit in dealing with irrational thinkers.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment, Cortical and Amygdala Morphometry, Functional Connectivity, Laterality, and Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Teicher ◽  
Alaptagin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
New Information ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Better Than

Child maltreatment (CM) is the most important preventable risk factor for psychopathology and there is a pressing need to understand how CM gets ‘under the skin’ to markedly increase risk in some individuals as well as a comparable effort to identify factors associated with better than expected outcomes in other individuals. This special issue of Child Maltreatment provides a series of sophisticated studies on the neurobiological impact of CM, of which we have chosen 4 articles to comment on.The articles by Oshri et al., and Peveril, Sheridan, Busso & McLaughlin are amygdala centric and provide important new information on the impact of CM on the morphology and functional connectivity of this highly stress susceptible structure. The article by Demers et al., presents data from a longitudinal study that illustrates the potentially disruptive effects of CM on the association between maternal relationship quality, frontal cortical development and symptomatology. Finally, the De Bellis et al., study addresses the pressing question, which we have labeled the ‘ecophenotype hypothesis’, that postulates that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct, and provides new evidence for a specific prefrontal cortical neurobiological abnormality in the maltreated subtype.

scholarly journals New evidence of parasitoids of pest aphids on roses and grapevine in Turkey (Hem., Aphididae; Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalva Barjadze ◽  
Nana Gratiashvili ◽  
İsmail Karaca ◽  
Bülent Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Aphidius Matricariae ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Evidence

<em>Aphidius eglanteriae</em> as a parasitoid of<em> Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum</em>/ <em>Rosa </em>is newly recorded for Turkey. Short information about its parasitism rate and distribution in Isparta Province, Turkey, is given. A nother new information pertains to the association between<em> Aphidius matricariae</em> - <em>Aphis illinoisensis</em> -<em> Vitis vinifera.</em>

New Evidence of the gens Ciartia: An Etruscan Tile Stamp from Cinigiano (GR), loc. Tombarelle

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Collins-Elliott ◽  
Kim Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractIn the course of excavating the site of Tombarelle near Cinigiano (GR), a roof tile with a public stamp in Etruscan was recovered from a late Antique context. The stamp contributes new information on the regional distribution of the

Metalwork in the Gaziantep and Adana Museums: an Addendum

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Engin Özgen ◽  
G. D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Evidence

The publication in this journal of a hoard of metalwork reported to have come from the region of Sakçagözü omitted any reference to the original publication of this material by Engin Özgen in 1985. The opportunity has now been taken to publish photographs of the two copper (?alloy) figurines and their gold and silver adornments, one in the Adana Museum and the other in Gaziantep Museum (PI. XV) and, because the original publication is out of print, to provide a detailed description of the Adana piece. We are grateful to the Directors of the two museums Bey İsmet İpek (Adana) and Bey Rifat Ergeç (Gaziantep) for facilitating this study and to Tuğrul Čakar for the photographs.No new information concerning the discovery and dispersal of the metalwork has come to light. It is the conviction of the authors that the close stylistic and technical resemblance between the two figurines and the addition to both of gold foil and silver torques greatly increases the probability that, firstly, the pieces are genuine antiquities and, secondly, that all of the objects were found together in a single hoard. No new evidence has emerged to contradict our earlier, independently deduced suggestion of an early second millennium date.

OLD-ROMAN CHANT AND THE RESPONSORIES OF NOAH: NEW EVIDENCE FROM SUTRI

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Forrest Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
British Library ◽  
New Information ◽  
Vatican City ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Old Roman

Among the manuscript fragments in the Archivio comunale of Sutri (Province of Viterbo), Italy, are four consecutive folios of an Old-Roman antiphoner of the later eleventh century. The two bifolios are now identified as fragments 141 (Frammenti teologici 40) and 141bis (Frammenti teologici 41). These fragments, which preserve music for the feasts of Sexagesima, Quinquagesima and Ash Wednesday, are remnants of what appears to be the oldest witness of Old-Roman music for the office. When added to the two surviving antiphoners (London, British Library, Add. MS 29988, of the twelfth century, and Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS San Pietro B 79, of the end of the twelfth century) and two recently discovered fragments (in Frosinone and Bologna), the Sutri fragments bring to five the number of Old-Roman antiphoners of which at least some evidence survives. It begins to appear that manuscripts of this music were once not so rare. The Sutri fragments show some unusual liturgical characteristics that provide new information on the Roman liturgy; I will discuss these aspects shortly.

“But the Story Was True”: A Research Note on Canadian Intelligence Activities in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Andrews Sayle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
International Commission ◽  
International History ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Evidence

Recently declassified records reveal new information and confirm old assumptions about Canadian intelligence activities in Vietnam during the 1950s and 1960s. These records are now available online at Canada Declassified. This research note describes the new evidence and considers its implications for existing historiography regarding Canada and the International Commission for Supervision and Control and Canadian policy towards the American war in Vietnam. It suggests new opportunities for research on Canadian intelligence activities during the Cold War. More broadly, the note responds to the discussion in the Canadian Historical Review’s December 2015 issue (volume 96, number 4) regarding the future study of Canada’s diplomatic history and international action by suggesting that Canadian intelligence activities should be considered by scholars crafting narratives of Canadian international history.

THE ISLIP ROLL RE-EXAMINED

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 231-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Payne
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence

The mortuary roll of John Islip (1464–1532), Abbot of Westminster, is the finest example of its kind to survive in England. The drawings, possibly by Gerard Horenbout, afford the only views of the interior of Westminster Abbey before the Dissolution. The discovery of eighteenth-century copies of an unknown, coloured version of the roll provides important new evidence for both the circumstances of the production and the later history of both rolls. It also provides, for the first time, an authentic colour view of the interior of Westminster Abbey in the late medieval period, and new information on its decoration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document