scholarly journals Infant behavioral inhibition predicts personality and social outcomes three decades later

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 9800-9807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alva Tang ◽  
Haley Crawford ◽  
Santiago Morales ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Does infant temperament predict adult personality and life-course patterns? To date, there is scant evidence examining relations between child temperament and adult outcomes, and extant research has relied on limited methods for measuring temperament such as maternal report. This prospective longitudinal study followed a cohort of infants (n = 165) for three decades to examine whether infant behavioral inhibition, a temperament characterized by cautious and fearful behaviors to unfamiliar situations, shapes long-term personality, social relationships, vocational/education, and mental health outcomes in adulthood. At age 14 mo, behavioral inhibition was assessed using an observation paradigm. In adolescence (15 y; n = 115), error monitoring event-related potentials were measured in a flanker task. In adulthood (26 y; n = 109), personality, psychopathology, and sociodemographics were self-reported using questionnaires. We found that infants with higher levels of behavioral inhibition at 14 mo grew up to become more reserved and introverted adults (β = 0.34) with lower social functioning with friends and family (β = −0.23) at age 26. Infant behavioral inhibition was also a specific risk factor for adult internalizing (i.e., anxiety and depression, β = 0.20) psychopathology, rather than a transdiagnostic risk for general and externalizing psychopathology. We identified a neurophysiologic mechanism underlying risk and resilience for later psychopathology. Heightened error monitoring in adolescence moderated higher levels of adult internalizing psychopathology among behaviorally inhibited individuals. These findings suggest meaningful continuity between infant temperament and the development of adult personality. They provide the earliest evidence suggesting that the foundation of long-term well-being is rooted in individual differences in temperament observed in infancy.

scholarly journals Toward Determinants and Effects of Long-Term Mindfulness Training in Pre-Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Event-Related Potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Lena Wimmer ◽  
Dusana Dorjee
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study presents the first attempt at investigating long-term mindfulness training in pre-adolescence, adopting an integrative neurodevelopmental approach. Pupils with an established mindfulness practice (n = 33) were compared with mindfulness-inexperienced pupils (n = 20) on dispositional mindfulness, executive functioning (EF), emotion regulation, and well-being. We also investigated whether increased well-being in mindfulness-experienced pre-adolescents would be mediated by EF and emotion regulation. Moderating influences of the amount and enjoyment of mindfulness training were considered as well. Self-report questionnaires measured dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Parents assessed their child's emotion-regulation using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Performance in a Continuous Performance Task and simultaneously recorded event-related potentials (ERPs)—Cue-P3, CNV, Nogo-N2, Nogo-P3—indexed EF. Interestingly, the two groups of pupils did not differ in their dispositional mindfulness. ERP findings revealed that the mindfulness-experienced group demonstrated superior EF in terms of response inhibition, but inferior EF in terms of cue processing. Although the ERC negativity/lability subscale revealed an advantage for the mindfulness-experienced group, no group differences were observed for the ERC emotion regulation subscale or well-being. Mediation analysis results did not support the assumption that mindfulness training leads to increased well-being via improvements in EF and emotion regulation. While outcomes were not moderated by amount of mindfulness practice, enjoying mindfulness was negatively associated with indicators of well-being and EF.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Virus-associated Long-term Arthralgia: A 36-month Prospective Longitudinal Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Schilte ◽  
Frédérik Staikovsky ◽  
Thérèse Couderc ◽  
Yoann Madec ◽  
Florence Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Exposure to Bullying and General Psychopathology: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Rijlaarsdam ◽  
Charlotte A. M. Cecil ◽  
J. Marieke Buil ◽  
Pol A. C. van Lier ◽  
Edward D. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractAlthough there is mounting evidence that the experience of being bullied associates with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, it is not known yet whether the identified associations are specific to these symptoms, or shared between them. The primary focus of this study is to assess the prospective associations of bullying exposure with both general and specific (i.e., internalizing, externalizing) factors of psychopathology. This study included data from 6,210 children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Child bullying was measured by self-report at ages 8 and 10 years. Child psychopathology symptoms were assessed by parent-interview, using the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA) at ages 7 and 13 years. Bullying exposure significantly associated with the general psychopathology factor in early adolescence. In particular, chronically victimized youth exposed to multiple forms of bullying (i.e., both overt and relational) showed higher levels of general psychopathology. Bullying exposure also associated with both internalizing and externalizing factors from the correlated-factors model. However, the effect estimates for these factors decreased considerably in size and dropped to insignificant for the internalizing factor after extracting the shared variance that belongs to the general factor of psychopathology. Using an integrative longitudinal model, we found that higher levels of general psychopathology at age 7 also associated with bullying exposure at age 8 which, in turn, associated with general psychopathology at age 13 through its two-year continuity. Findings suggest that exposure to bullying is a risk factor for a more general vulnerability to psychopathology.

scholarly journals Error-Monitoring is Modulated by School Pedagogy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Denervaud ◽  
Jean-François Knebel ◽  
Emeline Mullier ◽  
Patric Hagmann ◽  
Micah M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Traditional Curriculum ◽  
Source Estimation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
School Pedagogy ◽  
The Impact

Within an inherently dynamic environment, unexpected outcomes are part of daily life. Performance monitoring allows us to detect these events and adjust behavior accordingly. The necessity of such an optimal functioning has made error-monitoring a prominent topic of research over the last decades. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have differentiated between two brain components involved in error-monitoring: the error-related negativity (ERN) and error-related positivity (Pe) that are thought to reflect detection vs. emotional/motivational processing of errors, respectively. Both ERN and Pe depend on the protracted maturation of the frontal cortices and anterior cingulate through adolescence. To our knowledge, the impact of schooling pedagogy on error-monitoring and its brain mechanisms remains unknown and was the focus of the present study. Swiss schoolchildren completed a continuous recognition task while 64-channel EEG was recorded and later analyzed within an electrical neuroimaging framework. They were enrolled either in a Montessori curriculum (N=13), consisting of self-directed learning through trial-and-error activities with sensory materials, or a traditional curriculum (N=14), focused on externally driven activities mainly based on reward feedback. The two groups were controlled for age, gender, socio-economic status, parental educational style, and scores of fluid intelligence. The ERN was significantly enhanced in Montessori schoolchildren (driven by a larger response to errors), with source estimation differences localized to the cuneus and precuneus. In contrast, the Pe was enhanced in traditional schoolchildren (driven by a larger response to correct trials), with source estimation differences localized to the ventral anterior cingulate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the ERN and Pe could reliably classify if a child was following a Montessori or traditional curriculum. Brain activity subserving error-monitoring is modulated differently according to school pedagogy.

scholarly journals MON-307 Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Glucose-Suppressed GH Levels in 87 Acromegaly Patients with IGF-1 Normalization After Surgical Therapy: Prognostic Value of Nadir GH Levels for Long-Term Remission or Recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Freda ◽  
Jeffrey N Bruce ◽  
Carlos Reyes-Vidal ◽  
Yessica De Leon ◽  
Zhezhen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Surgical removal of the GH-secreting tumor is the initial treatment of choice for acromegaly. Outcome of surgery is assessed by measuring IGF-1 and glucose-suppressed GH levels. IGF-1 normalization is an essential biochemical criterion for remission. The cut-off for nadir GH after oral glucose that signifies remission, however, is debated. It also remains unclear whether GH levels provide additional prognostic or clinically relevant information when IGF-1 results are definitive. To address this question, we examined how initial postoperative glucose-suppressed GH levels change over time on serial testing in patients who achieve initial remission as defined by IGF-1 normalization. We studied 87 acromegaly patients (48M, 39F) who achieved a normal IGF-1 level after surgery alone longitudinally from 1996 to 2019. All had GH measured before and 60, 90 and 120 minutes after 75 or 100 mg oral glucose (OGTT) at ≥ 3 months after surgery and GH and IGF-1 repeated ≥ 1 year later. GH was by measured by sensitive, 22KDa GH specific assays, either a IRMA (DSL, International Reference Standard (IRS) 88/624) or a chemiluminescence immunoassay (IDS-iSYS, IRS 98/574). OGTT Nadir GH levels were also measured in healthy subjects; n=46 (26 M, 20 F, ages 19-71 yr.) by DSL and n=46 (29 M, 17 F; ages 20-66 yr.) by IDS-iSYS. Nadir GH levels in acromegaly patients were compared to the 95%CI of healthy subjects’ mean and categorized relative to healthy subjects’ 97.5 percentile, which was 0.14 µg/L for both assays. IGF-1 levels were compared to age and gender adjusted normal ranges. Subjects were grouped based on initial nadir GH ≤ or > 0.14 µg/L and the patterns of change in nadir GH and IGF-1 at last follow up or until IGF-1 became elevated (i.e. recurrence). Follow up durations are given as median(range). In follow up, 73 patients remained in remission (normal IGF-1) and 14 had a recurrence (elevated IGF-1). Of the 73 in remission, 55 had initial nadir GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that persisted to 10 yr.(1-22yr.) of follow up, 5 had initial GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that rose to > 0.14 µg/L by 9(3-21)yr., 10 had GH > 0.14 µg/L that persisted at 5.5(2-22)yr., and 3 had GH > 0.14 µg/L that fell to ≤ 0.14 µg/L at 5(4-7)yr. of follow up. Of the 14 that recurred, 11 had an initial and persistent GH > 0.14 µg/L and developed an elevated IGF-1 level after 6(1-23) yr.. The 3 other patients that recurred had an initial GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L that rose to > 0.14 µg/L by 1-6 years later and subsequently developed an elevated IGF-1 level by 14-16 years of follow up. In summary, we found that the pattern of normal IGF-1 along with nadir GH > 0.14 µg/L on initial testing or developing with time, was associated with recurrence in 14/32 patients. We also found that initial nadir GH ≤ 0.14 µg/L was highly predictive of long-term persistent remission: 60/63 such patients remained in remission. In conclusion, glucose-suppressed GH levels are of prognostic value in acromegaly patients with normal IGF-1 after surgery.

The Berkeley Girls with ADHD Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Owens ◽  
Christine A. Zalecki ◽  
Stephen P. Hinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Girls With Adhd

We describe the initiation and evolution of the Berkeley Girls with ADHD Longitudinal Study, an ongoing prospective, longitudinal study of 140 girls diagnosed with ADHD when they were children during the late 1990s, as well as 88 matched comparison girls. Study rationale, design, procedures, recruitment strategy, and measures are described in detail. Primary psychosocial and neuropsychological findings during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are summarized. Our initial findings regarding predictors of outcome are presented. Results are discussed in light of the existing literature regarding long-term outcome among children with ADHD. Overall, during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in almost every psychosocial and neuropsychological domain we investigated, females with ADHD show sizable disadvantages and deficits relative to females without ADHD. Our findings affirm the public health significance of ADHD in girls, given the likelihood of persisting symptoms and (especially) impairment in crucial domains over the long-term.

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