Made for exchange: the Russian Karelian lithic industry and hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks in prehistoric north-eastern Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alexey Tarasov ◽  
Kerkko Nordqvist
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Distance Communication

The hunter-fisher-gatherers of fourth- to third-millennium BC north-eastern Europe shared many characteristics traditionally associated with Neolithic and Chalcolithic agricultural societies. Here, the authors examine north-eastern European hunter-fisher-gatherer exchange networks, focusing on the Russian Karelian lithic industry. The geographically limited, large-scale production of Russian Karelian artefacts for export testifies to the specialised production of lithic material culture that was exchanged over 1000km from the production workshops. Functioning both as everyday tools and objects of social and ritual engagement, and perhaps even constituting a means of long-distance communication, the Russian Karelian industry finds parallels with the exchange systems of contemporaneous European agricultural populations.

scholarly journals An Agent Based Model to Detect Variations in the Transmission of Potters from Baetica Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Coto-Sarmiento ◽  
Simon Carrignon
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Modes Of Transmission

The goal of this study is to analyse the transmission of technical skills among potters within the Roman Empire. Specifically, our case study has been focused on the production processes based on Baetica province (currently Andalusia) from 1st to 3rd century AD. Variability of material culture allows observing different production patterns that can explain how social learning evolves. Some differences can be detected in the making techniques processes through time and space that might explain different degrees of specialization. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to identify some evidence of social learning strategies in the archaeological record. In Archaeology, this process has been analysed by the study of the production of handmade pottery. In our case, we want to know if the modes of transmission could be similar with a more standardized production as Roman Age. We propose here an Agent-Based Model to compare different cultural processes of learning transmission. Archaeological evidence will be used to design the model. In this model, we implement a simple mechanism of pottery production with different social learning processes under different scenarios. In particular, the aim of this study is to quantify which one of those processes explain better the copying mechanisms among potters revealed in our dataset. We believe that the model presented here can provide a strong baseline for the exploration of transmission processes related to large-scale production.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN POST-COVID PERIOD FOR UKRAINE AND EASTERN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ірина Шейко ◽  
Олександра Стороженко
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Economic Development

After a major downturn of the global economy in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and despite renewed lockdowns in some parts of the world there are optimistic projections about global economy to rebound in 2021. The authors consider the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the economies of Eastern Europe and Ukraine. Purpose of the article is to analyze the latest tendencies of economic growth perspectives in Eastern Europe countries due to COVID-19 pandemic and define the main risks, challenges and strong positions of Ukraine in post-pandemic period. The relevance of this topic lies, first of all, in the importance of determining the prospects for economic development of countries in different scenarios of the pandemic. Based on an in-depth analysis of data from international and Ukrainian agencies and individual experts, forecast data on the future economic development during 2021-2022 of Ukraine and some Eastern Europe countries are summarized. Ukraine, comparing to many countries around the world, has a relatively smaller reduction of economic indexes in 2020, due to the transformational nature of our economy, weak participation in global value chains, a significant share of shadow business and income, underdeveloped tourism, a significant share of agriculture and a large share of large-scale production, which did not stop even during peak quarantine periods.. Attention was paid to the specific risks of a pandemic for the economic development at global level, in Europe and Central Asia region and in Ukraine. The most significant challenges for national economic development were defined as such: strengthening hybrid threats to Ukraine's national security, lack of external financing and narrowing of access to international capital markets, failure to receive planned funding from the IMF, low intensity of reforms. Due to such serious risk factors, there is a need to develop a balanced regulatory to counter growing threats and restore economic growth to pre-pandemia level.

Pemanfaatan Media Whatsapp Grup dalam Proses Pembelajaran pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di MI Al-Fadliliyah Darussalam Ciamis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Selamet Selamet ◽  
Mohammad Erihadiana ◽  
Qiqi Yuliati Zaqiah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Active Communication

Since Indonesia announced that it had been exposed to COVID-19 on March 16, 2020, all forms of activities that trigger social activities were freely dismissed with various Social Distancing, Physical Distancing, and PSBB (large-scale social restrictions) policies. Many sectors are affected by this policy, including the education sector. The Minister of Education and Culture who established online learning (on the network) with an emergency curriculum that he published made learning a little different from usual. There is no face-to-face in the classroom directly and learning is transformed by distance learning that works with parents at home in active communication. The continuity of this learning depends on the teacher providing the material in its implementation, assisted and monitored by the parents of each student. By using whatsapp group media in learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is one of the efforts made by teachers in seeking an effective and fun learning. MI Al-Fadliliyah Darussalam continues to strive and is committed to optimally implementing online learning, the teacher's role is very important in the KBM it carries out. The use of whatsapp group media is the most popular media to facilitate long-distance communication, therefore online learning uses this media more often, because it is easier and better known in the community, especially parents. However, of course not only using whatsapp group media is not the end of the online learning solution. There needs to be a strategy and review related to the problems that occur to parents of students. Keywords: WhatsApp group media utilization, learning and the COVID-19 pandemic

Uredospore movement and observations on the epidemiology of wheat rusts in north-east Australia

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Rees
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
North East ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Aerial Transport ◽  
Wheat Rusts

The overseasoning of wheat rusts (P graminis and P recondita) and the movement of uredospores have been examined in Queensland during three seasons. Wheat rusts over summer on volunteer cereals and certain grasses in the main wheat-growing areas of north-eastern Australia. The local foci of rust appear to be adequate to provide the initial inoculum each season. Large-scale long-distance aerial transport of uredospores is unnecessary in the epidemiology of the diseases and is probably abnormal. The aerial transport of small numbers of uredospores is adequate to distribute genetical novelty rust organisms over vast areas.

Sealing the Bottles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Bacterial Action ◽  
Fortified Wines ◽  
And Storage

It has been suggested that containers made of clay (e.g., the amphora of the bronze age) were adopted for use during the thousands of years of winemaking that preceded the ability to produce suitable glass vessels. Sealing the amphora, as reported by archeologists and historians, was accomplished with clay or leaves covered with clay, rags, wax, pine resin (producing retsina), and even today’s popular choice, cork. With the exception of the latter, where only a small amount of air can leak in, it appears that too much air would enter and the flavor of the wine would change. In part, the effort to seal the amphora was futile, as the clay amphora would leak too. But waxes and resins helped seal out air and, in the process, often changed the flavor of the beverage. Again, historically, it appears from analysis of the contents remaining in the old vessels that various flavoring agents, such as berries, fruits, leaves, flowers, and even metals such as lead were intentionally added to wines to suit the tastes of the consumer. Nonetheless, oxidation and bacteria (e.g., Acetobacter aceti, known to convert ethanol [CH3CH2OH] to acetaldehyde [CH3CHO] and thence to acetic acid [CH3CH2OH]) would often make the beverage unpalatable (by today’s tastes). So, tastes were adjusted to fit the beverage available! It was also found that wines that had additional ethanol present were resistant to bacterial action, so tastes (even into the twentieth century) were developed for “fortified” wines (vide infra, Chapter 21) such as Port, Sherry, and Madeira that were to be shipped in casks. More recently shipment of the latter in glass bottles (since late in the nineteenth century) along with cork stoppers have become common. Most recently, synthetic (i.e., polymer) stoppers and aluminum screw caps have been used for all of these beverages because most wine is produced to be consumed within a few years of its bottling. This fairly recent change has arisen as an accommodation to large-scale production, long-distance shipping, and storage in commercial sales facilities, none of which encourage saving wine for aging.

scholarly journals Bohemia at the End of the La Tène Period: Objects, Materials, Chronology, and Main Development Trends – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 113-157
Author(s):  
Alžběta Danielisová
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
La Tène ◽  
La Tene ◽  
The One

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the late La Tène chronology in Bohemia and Moravia during the LT C2–D2 phases (150–0 BC) with an emphasis on developments in the latter stages of the La Tène occupation of the Middle Danube zone (LT D1b – LT D2). During the first century BC, specifically from the 70s and 60s BC onwards, a succession of events caused a rapid chain of reactions that resulted in the abandonment of the oppida and the replacement of the La Tène population in Bohemia by incomers of Germanic origin on the one hand, and a final rapid rise of the La Tène elites in the Middle Danube zone on the other. These processes are accompanied by a distinctive material culture of both local and external origin (Mediterranean and Germanic) and these objects tell us much about the society and its socio-economic strategies, distribution patterns and long-distance communication. The article does not aim to provide an historical account of the events that took place around the second half of the first century BC, such as Ceasar’s military campaigns against the Helvetians and in Gaul, the supposed participation of the Boii in these events, and the demise of the Celtic occupation of the Bratislava oppidum as a result of the (supposed) devastating incursion by the Dacians under the leadership of Burebista. The objective is to summarise what is known about the chronology of this turbulent period of the first century BC and to offer an archaeological overview of the developments of material culture in the Middle Danube zone. Key Words: Late La Tène, chronology, material analysis, metals, glass, oppida, Central Europe

Study on Measuring Technique for Metal Tank’s Oil Temperature and it’s Level

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wei Fei ◽  
Hong Wei Yang ◽  
Li Ping Tong ◽  
Shi An Sun
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
And Function ◽  
Oil Tanks ◽  
Monitoring Software

This paper designs real-time distributing measurement and monitoring system based on field bus for meeting the needs of testing and monitoring large-scale oil tanks. The system uses optical fiber sensor to collect the oil tank’s data, and has the advantages of the high precision, the high reliability, the strong anti-disturbed, and the avoiding of fire hidden trouble effectively, by the way of using the industrial Ethernet to achieve long-distance communication by RS-485, with a computer as controlling center to collect the data, and measures, monitors and manages oil tanks intelligently. And then the system is designed according to HART port protocol, as real-time testing and monitoring software to predict and manage automatically with advantages of fault diagnosis, routine maintenance, prediction of fire hidden trouble, and function of reliability, by relieving workload and good economical and social benefit.

Going the Distance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Harris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Silk Route ◽  
Passive Investors

Before the seventeenth century, trade across Eurasia was mostly conducted in short segments along the Silk Route and Indian Ocean. Business was organized in family firms, merchant networks, and state-owned enterprises, and dominated by Chinese, Indian, and Arabic traders. However, around 1600 the first two joint-stock corporations, the English and Dutch East India Companies, were established. This book tells the story of overland and maritime trade without Europeans, of European Cape Route trade without corporations, and of how new, large-scale, and impersonal organizations arose in Europe to control long-distance trade for more than three centuries. It shows that by 1700, the scene and methods for global trade had dramatically changed: Dutch and English merchants shepherded goods directly from China and India to northwestern Europe. To understand this transformation, the book compares the organizational forms used in four major regions: China, India, the Middle East, and Western Europe. The English and Dutch were the last to leap into Eurasian trade, and they innovated in order to compete. They raised capital from passive investors through impersonal stock markets and their joint-stock corporations deployed more capital, ships, and agents to deliver goods from their origins to consumers. The book explores the history behind a cornerstone of the modern economy, and how this organizational revolution contributed to the formation of global trade and the creation of the business corporation as a key factor in Europe's economic rise.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document