scholarly journals Noninvasive acoustic manipulation of objects in a living body

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 16848-16855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ghanem ◽  
Adam D. Maxwell ◽  
Yak-Nam Wang ◽  
Bryan W. Cunitz ◽  
Vera A. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Solid Object ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Solid Objects

In certain medical applications, transmitting an ultrasound beam through the skin to manipulate a solid object within the human body would be beneficial. Such applications include, for example, controlling an ingestible camera or expelling a kidney stone. In this paper, ultrasound beams of specific shapes were designed by numerical modeling and produced using a phased array. These beams were shown to levitate and electronically steer solid objects (3-mm-diameter glass spheres), along preprogrammed paths, in a water bath, and in the urinary bladders of live pigs. Deviation from the intended path was on average <10%. No injury was found on the bladder wall or intervening tissue.

Preliminary Study on Cutting Solid Object Using Water at Pressure Exceeding 1000 MPa

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi ◽  
Norazman Mohamad Nor ◽  
Ariffin Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Yusof Alias ◽  
Zi Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Solid Object ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Optimum Geometry ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Pump Pressure

To date, the highest pump pressure available in market is 648 MPa from FLOW International Corp. Cutting with ultra high pressure reduces abrasive usage, faster cutting speed, increased depth of cuts and increase efficiency. This research explores the possibility of applying pressure exceeding 1000 MPa to push pure water to cut solid objects. 10 grams of PE4 explosives are exploded in a confined chamber with a rectangular opening. Simulations in designing the blast test jig are discussed. Simulations are done using Autodyn software. The simulation aims to get the optimum geometry that can give the highest pressure at nozzle exit. Two materials are chosen to cut; stainless steel 304 and aluminum 1100. Simulations show the optimum blast test jig can cut aluminum and stainless steel at certain thickness.

scholarly journals The disorderly body: considerations of The Book of Numbers, 19 and ritual impurity after contact with a corpse

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Sandra Junker
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The People ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Living Creature

This article deals with the idea of ritual bodily impurity after coming into contact with a corpse in the Hebrew Bible. The evanescence and impermanence of the human body testifies to the mortality of the human being. In that way, the human body symbolizes both life and death at the same time; both conditions are perceivable in it. In Judaism, the dead body is considered as ritually impure. Although, in this context it might be better to substitute the term ‘ritually damaged’ for ‘ritually impure’: ritual impurity does not refer to hygienic or moral impurity, but rather to an incapability of exercising—and living—religion. Ritual purity is considered as a prerequisite for the execution of ritual acts and obligations. The dead body depends on a sphere which causes the greatest uncertainty because it is not accessible for the living. According to Mary Douglas’s concepts, the dead body is considered ritually impure because it does not answer to the imagined order anymore, or rather because it cannot take part in this order anymore. This is impurity imagined as a kind of contagious illness, which is carried by the body. This article deals with the ritual of the red heifer in Numbers 19. Here we find the description of the preparation of a fluid that is to help clear the ritual impurity out of a living body after it has come into contact with a corpse. For the preparation of this fluid a living creature – a faultless red heifer – must be killed. According to the description, the people who are involved in the preparation of the fluid will be ritually impure until the end of the day. The ritual impurity acquired after coming into contact with a corpse continues as long as the ritual of the Red Heifer remains unexecuted, but at least for seven days. 

scholarly journals Hydrogen Is Promising for Medical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-541
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Hirano ◽  
Yusuke Ichikawa ◽  
Bunpei Sato ◽  
Fumitake Satoh ◽  
Yoshiyasu Takefuji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Highly Active

Hydrogen (H2) is promising as an energy source for the next generation. Medical applications using H2 gas can be also considered as a clean and economical technology. Since the H2 gas based on electrolysis of water production has potential to expand the medical applications, the technology has been developed in order to safely dilute it and to supply it to the living body by inhalation, respectively. H2 is an inert molecule which can scavenge the highly active oxidants including hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and which can convert them into water. H2 is clean and causes no adverse effects in the body. The mechanism of H2 is different from that of traditional drugs because it works on the root of many diseases. Since H2 has extensive and various effects, it may be called a “wide spectrum molecule” on diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the current medical applications of H2 including its initiation and development, and we also proposed its prospective medical applications. Due to its marked efficacy and no adverse effects, H2 will be a next generation therapy candidate for medical applications.

Urine and serum glycosaminoglycan levels in the diagnosis of urological diseases and conditions: A narrative review of the literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 039156032096000
Author(s):  
Yasemin Ustundağ ◽  
Kağan Huysal ◽  
Muhammet Guzelsoy ◽  
Canan Erdem Genim ◽  
Ayca Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Urological Diseases

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated, negatively charged polysaccharides produced in almost every cell of the human body. As GAGs are extracellularly localized, the changes in body fluids such as blood and urine may reflect pathological changes in the urinary system as observed in other pathologies. In this review, we determined the potential of urinary and/or serum GAG levels as a marker for kidney and urothelial system diseases. We performed a search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases until September 30, 2019. A number of studies reported changes in the urinary and/or plasma GAG levels or composition in urological diseases and conditions, such as renal cell carcinoma, kidney stone, bladder carcinoma, and overactive bladder. GAGs were found to have a predictive biomarker potential that could be limited by generalizability concerns.

Optimization of a phased-array transducer for multiple harmonic imaging in medical applications: frequency and topology

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume M Matte ◽  
Paul L M J Van Neer ◽  
Mike G Danilouchkine ◽  
Jacob Huijssen ◽  
Martin D Verweij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Harmonic Imaging ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Array Transducer

Shroud for coupling kidney stone disintegration to human body

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 863-863
Author(s):  
Christopher Nowacki ◽  
Alfred G. Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Kidney Stone

scholarly journals Characterization of the φCTX-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Dobby isolated from the kidney stone microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Johnson ◽  
Alan J. Wolfe ◽  
Catherine Putonti
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Cultured Bacteria

Bacteriophages (phages) are vital members of the human microbiota. They are abundant even within low biomass niches of the human body, including the lower urinary tract. While several prior studies have cultured bacteria from kidney stones, this is the first study to explore phages within the kidney stone microbiota. Here we report Dobby, a temperate phage isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from a kidney stone. Dobby is capable of lysing clinical P. aeruginosa strains within our collection from the urinary tract. Sequencing was performed producing a 37 152 bp genome that closely resembles the temperate P. aeruginosa phage φCTX, a member of the P2 phage group. Dobby does not, however, encode for the cytotoxin CTX. Dobby’s genome was queried against publicly available bacterial sequences identifying 44 other φCTX-like prophages. These prophages are integrated within the genomes of P. aeruginosa strains from a variety of environments, including strains isolated from urine samples and other niches of the human body. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the temperate φCTX phage species is widespread. With the isolation of Dobby, we now have evidence that phages are members of the kidney stone microbiota. Further investigation, however, is needed to determine their abundance and diversity within these communities.

scholarly journals Aluminum- and Vanadium-free Titanium Alloys for Medical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Fabian Haase ◽  
Carsten Siemers ◽  
Lina Klinge ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Patric Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Strength And Ductility

CP-Ti, Ti 6A l 4V (ELI), and Ti 6Al 7Nb are often used for manufacturing osteosynthesis products or implants. However, researches have revealed that Al and V can have detrimental effects on the human body. Therefore, several Al- and V-free near-α and (α+β) titanium alloys have been developed on the basis of CP-Ti Grade 4+ (Ti 0.4O 0.5Fe 0.08C). They should possess similar or better mechanical properties than Ti 6Al 4V (ELI) combined with an improved biocompatibility and good corrosion resistance. O, C, Fe, Au, Si, Nb, or Mo have been used as alloying elements, which are either already present in the human body or are biocompatible. Several of the studied alloys show a strength and ductility fulfilling the requirements of Ti 6Al 4V ELI as specified in ASTM F136. For instance, Ti 0.44O 0.5Fe 0.08C 2.0Mo exhibits a YTS of approx. 1005 MPa, an UTS of approx. 1015 MPa, and an elongation at rupture of at least 17%. Therefore, one or more of the studied alloys are promising candidates for replacing Ti 6Al 4V ELI in osteosynthesis and implant applications.

Figure – Ground Effects on Shape Memory for Objects versus Holes

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5838 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Palmer ◽  
Janet Davis ◽  
Rolf Nelson ◽  
Irvin Rock
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Solid Object ◽  
Minus Sign ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
Ground Effects ◽  
Better Than

The circumstances under which the shapes of figure-versus-ground regions are perceived and remembered were investigated in three experiments that replicate, extend, and clarify Rubin's [1921 Visuell wahrgenommene Figuren (Copenhagen: Gyldendals)] classic study on this topic. In experiment 1, observers reported which of two regions they perceived as figure within ambiguous, bipartite, 2-D displays. In a later shape-recognition test, the shapes of regions previously seen as figures were remembered well, but the shapes of regions previously seen as grounds were remembered no better than novel distractor regions. In experiment 2 we examined the same question about memory for the shape of figure-versus-ground regions in nested displays in which the central region could be perceived either as a closer figure surrounded by a farther ground (ie as a solid object) or as a farther ground surrounded by a closer figure (ie as an empty hole). Unlike experiment 1, the shapes of regions initially perceived as grounds (holes) were remembered as well as those of regions initially perceived as figures (solid objects), and much better than those of novel distractor regions. In experiment 3 we further demonstrated that this outcome did not depend on the figure – ground instructions employed in experiment 2, because the same result was obtained with unambiguous 3-D cardboard displays of objects versus holes with no figure – ground instructions at all. The present findings support an account of hole perception in which the shape of an intrinsic hole is encoded as a shaped, immaterial (or virtual) surface where the absence of matter is coded by a functional ‘missing’ symbol (analogous to a minus sign in mathematics) to represent its non-material status.

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