scholarly journals Citizen monitoring promotes informed and inclusive forest governance in Liberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2015169118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Christensen ◽  
Alexandra C. Hartman ◽  
Cyrus Samii
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Citizen Monitoring ◽  
Made In

Global forest loss depends on decisions made in the rural, often poor communities living beside the Earth’s remaining forests. Governance problems in these forest-edge communities contribute to rapid deforestation and household vulnerability. In coordination with experimental studies in 5 other countries, we evaluate a program that recruits, trains, and deploys citizens to monitor communal forestland in 60 communities in rural Liberia. The year-long intervention is designed to promote more informed and inclusive resource governance, so that that citizens’ preferences (and not just leaders’ interests) are reflected in forest management. In our control communities, households are uninformed and disengaged; leaders’ authority is unchecked. The program both engages and mobilizes community members: households are better informed and participate more in the design and enforcement of rules around forest use. They also report receiving more material benefits from outside investors’ activities in their community forests. The chiefs who lead these communities attest to strengthened accountability. Using both on-the-ground environmental assessments and remotely sensed data, we find no effects on forest use or deforestation. Households do not favor more conservation, and, thus, more inclusive management does not reduce forest use. Conservation likely requires compensating community members for foregoing forest use; citizen monitoring, we argue, could ensure that such schemes enjoy popular support and do not just benefit local elites.

FURTHER STUDIES ON NATURAL SELECTION AMONG HYBRIDS OF CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES AND CARDUUS NUTANS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
G. A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Great Decrease ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

A third 5-year survey made in 1962 of Carduus acanthoides, C. nutans, and their hybrids in Grey Co., Ontario, revealed that a great decrease in these populations had occurred. C. acanthoides and hybrids similar to this species had survived better than C. nutans but very little spread of either species seemed to have occurred in 1957–1962. In experimental plots the hybrid has been made and backcrossed to the parental species. The species differ in chromosome number (C. acanthoides, 2n = 22; C. nutans, 2n = 16) and hybrids have intermediate numbers. Evidence was found from field and experimental studies that the progeny of the F1 hybrid included a greater proportion of seedlings with the higher chromosome numbers than with the lower and intermediate numbers. It is suggested that this selection may operate through the rejection of the longer chromosomes received from C. nutans, which, in certain zygotic combinations may constitute an excess of chromatin lethal to the zygote.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN PAGUYUBAN BATIK PENDOPO DESA JARUM BERBASIS KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN VIRTUAL DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

Dharma LPPM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Titik Kusumantini ◽  
Elisabet Isyana Rahayu ◽  
Devi Wening Astari ◽  
Muhammad Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Virtual marketing communication is still something new for the Paguyuban Batik Pendopo Desa Jarum. Marketing is usually done only through word of mouth and occurs offline. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourist visits to Jarum Village have greatly decreased. Virtual-based marketing communications are needed to survive in this uncertain situation. With an association that accommodates UMKM, the potential to switch from conventional marketing communications to virtual marketing communications is very high. This service stage starts from discussions with community members of Paguyuban Batik Pendopo Desa Jarum, understanding community members about the importance of virtual marketing communication, assistance in making profile videos, assistance in making websites and blogs, and assistance in creating e-commerce accounts. The contribution made in this service is the assistance of the Paguyuban Batik Pendopo Desa Jarum in virtual marketing communications, especially in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Validation of Finite Element Lower Extremity Model Using Drop Tower Testing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbin Bertucci ◽  
R. Prabhu ◽  
M. F. Horstemeyer ◽  
James Sheng ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Drop Tower ◽  
Made In

Explosions are the leading cause of death on the battlefield [1]. These explosives, such as bombs and mines, generate shock waves which stimulate large accelerations and deformations. The resulting loads pose serious threats to military and civilians if not sufficiently evaluated and protected. The use of anti-vehicle landmines has become extremely common. Due to lower extremities being in direct contact with the floor of vehicles, the lower extremities are commonly injured during explosions [2]. These injuries can be seriously fatal. Although experimental studies have been performed to advance these understandings [2], limited progress has been made in computational analysis of shock waves on the lower extremity.

scholarly journals Flow structure around an actual willow patch under different depth conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02049
Author(s):  
Chanjoo Lee ◽  
Donggu Kim ◽  
Sungjung Kim ◽  
Un Ji ◽  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Natural Channel ◽  
Made In

Vegetation is one of the key factors in river management where environmental aspects as well as flood protection should be taken into consideration. Because of this, numerous studies have been done including experiments and hydrodynamic modelling. Because most of experimental studies were made in indoor laboratory flumes with artificial trees, there are still limitations in transfer of their result to actual channels. REC (River Experiment Center) of Korea has been operating three real-scale, nature-like outdoor experimental channels. In a straight channel, several 4x2 m actual willow patches were planted and have been grown last three years for studies on flow vegetation interaction. A set of intensive flow measurement was made around the first upstream willow patch using ADVs together with measurement of vegetation properties. The experiments were made under several different depth conditions simulating snow-melt and flash-flood. Distribution of flow around and through the patch was characterized along with vertical profiles. The results of the experiment enhance understanding on interaction of flow and actual vegetation in a natural channel and may also provide information on flow resistance used for hydrodynamic modelling and validation.

Are community forestry principles at work in Ontario’s County, Municipal, and Conservation Authority forests?

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (06) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Teitelbaum ◽  
Ryan Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Multiple Use Management ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
Land Community

Ontario’s County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests have received little attention within the academic literature on community forestry in Canada. These “Agreement Forests”, as they were once called, are a product of the early 20th century and have been under local government management since the 1990s. Most are situated in Southern Ontario. In this article we investigate the extent to which community forestry principles are at work in these forests. Three principles— participatory governance, local benefits and multiple forest use—are analyzed using a composite score approach derived from survey data collected from nearly all of these forest organizations (response rate = 80%). Results indicate that most of these organizations do display attributes associated with community forestry principles, including a local governance process, public participation activities, local employment and multiple-use management. Traditional forestry employment is less strong than in similar studies of Crown land community forests; however, there is an important emphasis on non-timber activities. The article concludes that the County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests represents a unique approach, which reflects the specific geographic and socio-economic context in which it resides.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Excavation Support Safety Based on Experimental Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Gorska ◽  
Marek Wyjadłowski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stability Loss ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Excavation Support ◽  
Safety Estimation ◽  
Soldier Pile ◽  
Made In

Abstract The article presents the results of inclinometric measurements and numerical analyses of soldier-pile wall displacements. The excavation under investigation was made in cohesive soils. The measurements were conducted at points located at the edge of the cantilever excavation support system. The displacements of the excavation support observed over the period of three years demonstrated the pattern of steady growth over the first two months, followed by a gradual levelling out to a final plateau. The numerical analyses were conducted based on 3D FEM models. The numerical analysis of the problem comprise calculations of the global structural safety factor depending on the displacement of the chosen points in the lagging and conducted by means of the φ/c reduction procedure. The adopted graphical method of safety estimation is very conservative in the sense that it recognizes stability loss quite early, when one could further load the medium or weaken it by further strength reduction. The values of the Msf factor are relatively high. This is caused by the fact that the structure was designed for excavation twice as deep. Nevertheless, the structure is treated as a temporary one.

PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF HYPERNUCLEAR PHYSICS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Nuclear Systems ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Hypernuclear Physics ◽  
Made In

In recent years, great progress has been made in hypernuclear physics through new experimental techniques as well as theoretical development. Precision γ-ray spectroscopy of hypernuclei has revealed fine structure of various light Λ hypernuclei. Introduction of the (π-, K+) reaction has opened a possibility of studying neutron-rich Λ hypernuclei. The J-PARC facility will allow us to accelerate these experimental studies of Λ hypernuclei and extend hypernuclear physics to double strangess nuclear systems.

Changes in vegetation characteristics following a decade of community forest management in mid-western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mawa ◽  
F. Babweteera ◽  
J.R.S. Tabuti ◽  
D.M. Tumusiime
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Using Data

The last three decades have witnessed shifts in forest governance in favour of more inclusive approaches. In Uganda, two main approaches have been embraced in the forest sector: collaborative forest management and community forest management. However, there is scanty empirical evidence on how the latter has affected the forest condition over time. Using data from two bio-physical surveys (2006 and 2016) and Key Informant Interviews, this study examined changes in vegetation characteristics in two de facto community forests (Ongo and Alimugonza) over a 10-year period. The basal area and stem densities of tree species locally preferred for poles and charcoal declined in both forests due to extractive uses, some of which were illegal. The densities of those preferred for timber increased as a result of their heightened protection by the community members. However, the community members still faced challenges of apprehending rulebreakers due to the high costs involved and their informal recognition as responsible bodies since the two forests have not yet been declared "community forests" as required by law. The gains made by the approach amidst these challenges demonstrate its potential to achieve conservation goals.

Development of a Lower Extremity Model for Finite Element Analysis at Blast Condition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbin Bertucci ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
Lakiesha Williams
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Made In

Explosions are the leading cause of death on the battlefield [1]. These explosives generate shock waves which stimulate large accelerations and deformations. The resulting loads pose serious threats to military and civilians. Since lower extremities are in direct contact with the ground, the lower extremities are commonly injured during explosions [2]. These injuries could be seriously fatal. Although experimental studies have been performed to advance these understandings [2], limited progress has been made in computational analysis of shock waves on the lower extremity.

EFFETS DE L'ACIDE ASCORBIQUE SUR PLUSIEURS VARIABLES BIOLOGIQUES NORMALEMENT AFFECTÉES PAR LE FROID

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (6) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thérien ◽  
J. Leblanc ◽  
O. Héroux ◽  
L. P. Dugal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histamine Content ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Thymus Atrophy ◽  
Subsequent Administration ◽  
Made In

It has been shown recently by Dugal and Thérien that during a short or long exposure to cold, the normal hypertrophy of the adrenals is completely prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid, and that, nevertheless, at the same time, resistance is increased towards the same damaging agent. So, the most universally accepted criterion of damage caused by stress is abolished when the animals exposed to cold receive large doses of ascorbic acid. Starting from that observation, it was natural to wonder what would be the effects of the ascorbic acid on the biological changes normally associated with the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold. The present paper describes the experimental studies made in that connection; the results obtained show that: (1) ascorbic acid (a) partly inhibits the thymus atrophy normally encountered upon exposure to any stress including cold, (b) accelerates in a very significant way the enlargement of the thyroid, (c) is responsible for an increase in weight of the spleen, whereas the control animals, on the contrary, show a decrease in weight of the same organ; (2) the histamine content of the adrenals, which increases at room temperature under the influence of ascorbic acid, is significantly decreased during exposure to cold under the influence of the same substance; (3) the activity of the adrenals, far from being inhibited by ascorbic acid is even increased if the cholesterol changes are taken as an index of that activity; (4) the initial hypotension—due to cold—found in our controls, is prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid; on the other hand, if hypertension develops after long exposure to cold, the subsequent administration of large doses of ascorbic acid restores the blood pressure to normal. Confirmation has also been obtained for the previously reported observation that ascorbic acid prevents the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold.

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