Amino acids activate mTORC1 to release roe deer embryos from decelerated proliferation during diapause

Embryonic diapause in mammals leads to a reversible developmental arrest. While completely halted in many species, European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) embryos display a continuous deceleration of proliferation. During a 4-mo period, the cell doubling time is 2 to 3 wk. During this period, the preimplantation blastocyst reaches a diameter of 4 mm, after which it resumes a fast developmental pace to subsequently implant. The mechanisms regulating this notable deceleration and reacceleration upon developmental resumption are unclear. We propose that amino acids of maternal origin drive the embryonic developmental pace. A pronounced change in the abundance of uterine fluid mTORC1-activating amino acids coincided with an increase in embryonic mTORC1 activity prior to the resumption of development. Concurrently, genes related to the glycolytic and phosphate pentose pathway, the TCA cycle, and one carbon metabolism were up-regulated. Furthermore, the uterine luminal epithelial transcriptome indicated increased estradiol-17β signaling, which likely regulates the endometrial secretions adapting to the embryonic needs. While mTORC1 was predicted to be inactive during diapause, the residual embryonic mTORC2 activity may indicate its involvement in maintaining the low yet continuous proliferation rate during diapause. Collectively, we emphasize the role of nutrient signaling in preimplantation embryo development. We propose selective mTORC1 inhibition via uterine catecholestrogens and let-7 as a mechanism regulating slow stem cell cycle progression.

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Amino acids content and basic chemical composition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) meat

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-012-0101-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 645-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Cygan-Szczegielniak ◽

B. Janicki

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Biological Value ◽

Endogenous Amino Acids ◽

Males And Females ◽

Standard Protein

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of roe deer meat considering the animals’ sex and age and to estimate the content of amino acids in the meat from two selected groups of the animals, i.e. 2-3-year-old males and females. A further goal was to assess the biological value of proteins as compared to the FAO standard. The study has revealed that in proteins from the roe deer muscle tissue the content of exogenous amino acids (in g/100g) is higher by 20-30% on average comparing to the level of amino acids, in the FAO/WHO (1973) standard protein. Among the endogenous amino acids, the highest (in g/100 g of protein) and the lowest concentrations were found for glutamic acid and proline, respectively. The research has also shown that roe deer meat possesses a high content of protein and a relatively low content of fat.

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Uterine fluid proteome changes during diapause and resumption of embryo development in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-19-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V A van der Weijden ◽

J T Bick ◽

S Bauersachs ◽

G J Arnold ◽

T Fröhlich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Blastocyst Stage ◽

Label Free ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Uterine Fluid ◽

The Impact

The uterine microenvironment during pre-implantation presents a pro-survival milieu and is essential for embryo elongation in ruminants. The European roe deer (Careolus capreolus) pre-implantation embryo development is characterised by a 4-month period of reduced development, embryonic diapause, after which the embryo rapidly elongates and implants. We investigated the uterine fluid proteome by label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at four defined stages covering the phase of reduced developmental pace (early diapause, mid-diapause and late diapause) and embryo elongation. We hypothesised that embryo development during diapause is halted by the lack of signals that support progression past the blastocyst stage. Three clusters of differentially abundant proteins were identified by a self-organising tree algorithm: (1) gradual reduction over development; (2) stable abundance during diapause, followed by a sharp rise at elongation; and (3) gradual increase over development. Proteins in the different clusters were subjected to gene ontology analysis. ‘Cellular detoxification’ in cluster 1 was represented by alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin-2. ATP-citrate synthase, nucleolin, lamin A/C, and purine phosphorylase as cell proliferation regulators were found in cluster 2 and ‘cortical cytoskeleton’, ‘regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading’ and ‘melanosome’ were present in cluster 3. Cell cycle promoters were higher abundant at elongation than during diapause, and polyamines presence indicates their role in diapause regulation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of proteins in the roe deer uterine fluid during diapause and forms a basis for studies aiming at understanding the impact of the lack of cell cycle promoters during diapause.

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Synthesis and Breakdown of the Universal Precursors to Biological Metabolism Promoted by Ferrous Iron

10.26434/chemrxiv.7178930.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamila B. Muchowska ◽

Sreejith Jayasree VARMA ◽

Joseph Moran

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Reaction ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Ferrous Iron ◽

Reaction Network ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Chemical Reaction Network ◽

Metabolic Precursors ◽

Tca Cycle Intermediates

How core biological metabolism initiated and why it uses the intermediates, reactions and pathways that it does remains unclear. Life builds its molecules from CO2 and breaks them down to CO2 again through the intermediacy of just five metabolites that act as the hubs of biochemistry. Here, we describe a purely chemical reaction network promoted by Fe2+ in which aqueous pyruvate and glyoxylate, two products of abiotic CO2 reduction, build up nine of the eleven TCA cycle intermediates, including all five universal metabolic precursors. The intermediates simultaneously break down to CO2 in a life-like regime resembling biological anabolism and catabolism. Introduction of hydroxylamine and Fe0 produces four biological amino acids. The network significantly overlaps the TCA/rTCA and glyoxylate cycles and may represent a prebiotic precursor to these core metabolic pathways.

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Enamel Thickness Differs between Field and Forest European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus

Polish Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3161/15052249pje2020.68.1.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Jan Demesko ◽

Marta Kurek ◽

Patrycja Podlaszczuk ◽

Janusz Markowski

Keyword(s):

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Enamel Thickness

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The modular organization of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) body during ontogeny: the effects of sex and habitat

Frontiers in Zoology ◽

10.1186/s12983-018-0283-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Milošević-Zlatanović ◽

Tanja Vukov ◽

Srđan Stamenković ◽

Marija Jovanović ◽

Nataša Tomašević Kolarov

Keyword(s):

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Modular Organization

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Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Chang Ha Park ◽

Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽

Ye Jin Kim ◽

Bao Van Nguyen ◽

Ye Eun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Flower Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Hydrophilic Compounds ◽

Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

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Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks (Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1874

Author(s):

Alberto Elmi ◽

Nadia Govoni ◽

Augusta Zannoni ◽

Martina Bertocchi ◽

Chiara Bernardini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Melatonin Receptors ◽

Local Synthesis ◽

Testicular Weight ◽

And Function ◽

Gene Expression Levels

Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.

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Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽

Jerzy Kowal ◽

Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽

Paweł Nosal ◽

Iwona Polak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Systematic Classification ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

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Salmonella enterica Subsp. houtenae Associated with an Abscess in Young Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

Adriana Trotta ◽

Laura Del Sambro ◽

Michela Galgano ◽

Stefano Ciccarelli ◽

Erika Ottone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Biochemical Identification ◽

Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands ◽

Insight Into

Background: S. enterica subsp. houtenae has been rarely documented, and very limited genomic information is available. This report describes a rare case of primary extraintestinal salmonellosis in a young roe deer, associated with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae. Methods: A traditional cultural-based analysis was carried out from the contents of a neck abscess; biochemical identification and PCR assay were performed to isolate and identify the pathogen. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), and the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) survey, resistome and virulome genes were investigated to gain insight into the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. houtenae. Results: Biochemical identification and PCR confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp. in the swelling. The WGS analysis identified Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serovar 43:z4,z23:- and ST 958. The virulence study predicted a multidrug resistance pattern with resistance shown against aminoglycosides, tetracycline, beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, nitroimidazole, aminocoumarin, and peptide. Fifty-three antibiotic-resistant genes were identified. No plasmids were detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of continuous surveillance of pathogenic salmonellae. Biomolecular analyses combined with epidemiological data can provide important information about poorly described Salmonella strains and can help to improve animal welfare.

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