scholarly journals Haplotype divergence supports long-term asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (38) ◽  
pp. e2101485118
Author(s):  
Alexander Brandt ◽  
Patrick Tran Van ◽  
Christian Bluhm ◽  
Yoann Anselmetti ◽  
Zoé Dumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Oppiella Subpectinata ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

Sex strongly impacts genome evolution via recombination and segregation. In the absence of these processes, haplotypes within lineages of diploid organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations independently of each other and diverge over time. This so-called “Meselson effect” is regarded as a strong indicator of the long-term evolution under obligate asexuality. Here, we present genomic and transcriptomic data of three populations of the asexual oribatid mite species Oppiella nova and its sexual relative Oppiella subpectinata. We document strikingly different patterns of haplotype divergence between the two species, strongly supporting Meselson effect–like evolution and long-term asexuality in O. nova: I) variation within individuals exceeds variation between populations in O. nova but vice versa in O. subpectinata; II) two O. nova sublineages feature a high proportion of lineage-specific heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indicating that haplotypes continued to diverge after lineage separation; III) the deepest split in gene trees generally separates the two haplotypes in O. nova, but populations in O. subpectinata; and IV) the topologies of the two haplotype trees match each other. Our findings provide positive evidence for the absence of canonical sex over evolutionary time in O. nova and suggest that asexual oribatid mites can escape the dead-end fate usually associated with asexual lineages.

scholarly journals Haplotype divergence supports ancient asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brandt ◽  
P. Tran Van ◽  
C. Bluhm ◽  
Y. Anselmetti ◽  
Z. Dumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Oppiella Subpectinata ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

Sex strongly impacts genome evolution via recombination and segregation. In the absence of these processes, haplotypes within lineages of diploid organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations independently of each other and diverge over time. This so-called ‘Meselson effect’ is regarded as a strong indicator of the long-term evolution under obligate asexuality. Here, we present genomic and transcriptomic data of three populations of the asexual oribatid mite species Oppiella nova and its sexual relative Oppiella subpectinata. We document strikingly different patterns of haplotype divergence between the two species, strongly supporting Meselson effect like evolution and ancient asexuality in O. nova: (I) Variation within individuals exceeds variation between populations in O. nova but vice versa in O. subpectinata. (II) Two O. nova sub-lineages feature a high proportion of heterozygous genotypes and lineage-specific haplotypes, indicating that haplotypes diverged independently within the two lineages after their split. (III) The deepest split in gene trees generally separates haplotypes in O. nova, but populations in O. subpectinata. (IV) Tree topologies of the two haplotypes match each other. Our findings provide positive evidence for the absence of sex over evolutionary time in O. nova and suggest that asexual oribatid mites can escape the dead-end fate usually associated with asexual lineages.

Four new species of the superfamily Galumnoidea (Acari: Oribatida) from Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3481 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY G. ERMILOV ◽  
STANISLAV KALÚZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Pore Length ◽  
Smooth Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

Four new oribatid mite species of the superfamily Galumnoidea, Pergalumna paradecoratissima sp. nov., Pergalumnaparalongisetosa sp. nov., Pergalumna ecuadorensis sp. nov. and Galumnopsis lanceosensilla sp. nov., are described fromEcuador. The genus Galumnopsis is recorded for the first time for the Ecuador. Pergalumna paradecoratissima sp. nov.is very similar in having the combination of foveolate prodorsum, striate notogaster, setiform sensilli, interlamellar setaeshorter than lamellar and rostral setae, absence of anterior notogastral margin and three pairs of notogastral porose areas,to Pergalumna decoratissima Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio, 1986 from Brazil, however it differs from the latter by morphologyof rostrum, body size, surface of anal plates and length of epimeral setae. Pergalumna paralongisetosa sp. nov. is verysimilar in having the combination of setiform sensilli, long prodorsal setae, absence of anterior notogastral margin, threepairs of notogastral porose areas and long adanal setae ad 1 and ad 2 to Pergalumna longisetosa Balogh, 1960 from CentralAfrica, however it differs from the latter by body size, lengths of sensilli and interlamellar setae, absence of medial pore,length of epimeral setae. Pergalumna ecuadorensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all similar species by having theround rostrum, setiform sensilli, long and setiform prodorsal setae, absence of anterior notogastral margin, smooth bodysurface and three pairs of oval notogastral porose areas, and by the very long interlamellar setae. Galumnopsis lanceosen-silla sp. nov. can be distinguished from all similar species (with smooth body surface) by the morphology of sensilli which are lanceolate, with tooth in distal part.

scholarly journals Functional Inflammatory Genotypes in Ischemic Stroke: Could We Use Them to Predict Age of Onset and Long-Term Outcome?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Marousi ◽  
Anna Antonacopoulou ◽  
Haralambos Kalofonos ◽  
Panagiotis Papathanasopoulos ◽  
Marina Karakantza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tnf Α

Functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory cytokines have been previously related to the occurrence of an ischemic stroke (IS). We investigated whether five functional SNPs (i.e., TNF-α-308G>A, IL6-174G>C, IL12B 1188A>C, IL4-589C>T, and IL10-1082G>A) might be associated with the age of onset and 6-month outcome of an acute IS. A probe-free real-time PCR methodology was used to genotype 145 consecutively admitted cases with a first-ever IS. Simple Kaplan-Mayer and adjusted Cox regression analyses showed no association between inflammatory genotypes and the age of IS onset. IL6-174G>C, IL12B 1188A>C, IL4-589C>T, and IL10-1082G>A were not found to significantly contribute to the long-term outcome of the disease. However, carriage of the TNF-α-308 GG genotype was significantly associated with reduced odds for an adverse outcome. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results.

scholarly journals LB1. Regional Assessment and Containment of Candida auris Transmission in Post-Acute Care Settings—Orange County, California, 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S993-S993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellora Karmarkar ◽  
Ellora Karmarkar ◽  
Kathleen O’Donnell ◽  
Christopher Prestel ◽  
Kaitlin Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Patients in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) and skilled nursing facilities with ventilator units (VSNFs) are at high risk for Candida auris colonization; among patients colonized with this emerging pathogen, 5%–10% develop invasive disease with >45% mortality. In September 2018, a California LTACH-affiliated laboratory began enhanced C. auris surveillance by classifying species of Candida isolated from routine urine specimens. In February 2019, the first known Southern California case was detected in an Orange County (OC) LTACH; the patient had not traveled outside the region, indicating local acquisition. We performed point prevalence surveys (PPS) and infection prevention (IP) assessments at all OC LTACHs and VSNF subacute units to identify patients colonized with C. auris and control transmission. Methods During March–August 2019, we conducted PPS at facilities by collecting composite axilla and groin swabs for C. auris polymerase chain reaction testing and reflex culture from all patients who assented. Facilities with ≥1 C. auris-colonized patient repeated a PPS every 2 weeks to assess for new transmission. Isolate relatedness was assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We evaluated hand hygiene (HH) adherence, access to alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR), and cleaning of high-touch surfaces to guide IP recommendations. Results The first PPS at all OC LTACHs (n = 3) and adult VSNFs (n = 14) identified 45 C. auris-colonized patients in 3 (100%) LTACHs and 6 (43%) VSNFs; after repeated PPS, the total count reached 124. Most patients (70%) were at 2 facilities (Table 1). Three of 124 patients developed candidemia. To date, isolates from 48 patients have completed WGS; all were highly related (<11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the African clade. Of 9 facilities with C. auris, 5 had HH adherence < 50%, 3 had limited ABHR, and at 2, <60% of assessed high-touch surfaces were clean. We recommended regular HH and cleaning audits, and increased ABHR. Conclusion Our investigation, prompted by enhanced surveillance, identified C. auris at 9 OC facilities. WGS indicated a single introduction and local transmission. Early detection, followed by rapid county-wide investigation and IP support, enabled containment efforts for C. auris in OC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerances in five oribatid mite species from sub-Antarctic Marion Island

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques A. Deere ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair ◽  
David J. Marshall ◽  
Steven L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

Two remarkable new species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Acacia litter of Kerala, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4877 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-558
Author(s):  
A. ARUN ◽  
N. RAMANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

Two new oribatid mite species viz. Papillacarus (Vepracarus) acaciensis sp. nov. and Licneremaeus indicus sp. nov. belonging to the respective oribatid families, Lohmanniidae and Licneremaeidae are described and illustrated. Specimens of both species were collected from litter of Acacia auriculiformis Benth. (Leguminosae) growing in different localities of the Calicut University Campus, Malappuram Dt. of Kerala. The family Licneremaeidae is recorded for the first time from India. Identification keys to all known species of the nominative subgenus Vepracarus and the genus Licneremaeus are also provided.

scholarly journals Interaction between M. tuberculosis Lineage and Human Genetic Variants Reveals Novel Pathway Associations with Severity of TB

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Michael L. McHenry ◽  
Eddie M. Wampande ◽  
Moses L. Joloba ◽  
LaShaunda L. Malone ◽  
Harriet Mayanja-Kizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cellular Replication

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Both human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) genetic variation affect TB outcomes, but few studies have examined if and how the two genomes interact to affect disease. We hypothesize that long-term coexistence between human genomes and MTBC lineages modulates disease to affect its severity. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which we identified three MTBC lineages, of which one, L4.6-Uganda, is clearly derived and hence recent. We quantified TB severity using the Bandim TBscore and examined the interaction between MTBC lineage and human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide, in two independent cohorts of TB cases (n = 149 and n = 127). We found a significant interaction between an SNP in PPIAP2 and the Uganda lineage (combined p = 4 × 10−8). PPIAP2 is a pseudogene that is highly expressed in immune cells. Pathway and eQTL analyses indicated potential roles between coevolving SNPs and cellular replication and metabolism as well as platelet aggregation and coagulation. This finding provides further evidence that host–pathogen interactions affect clinical presentation differently than host and pathogen genetic variation independently, and that human–MTBC coevolution is likely to explain patterns of disease severity.

scholarly journals A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILOBATES (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, HAPLOZETIDAE) FROM MADAGASCAR

Acarina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov ◽  
Josef Starý
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

A new oribatid mite species of the genus Pilobates (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) is described from Madagascar, based on material collected from litter in Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, eastern Madagascar. Pilobates longiprocessus sp. n. differs from Pilobates africanus Ermilov and Starý, 2020 in the presence of simple notogastral setae and leg trochanters IV with triangular process distodorsally. An identification key to known species of Pilobates is provided.

scholarly journals A NEW SPECIES OF GALUMNA (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, GALUMNIDAE) FROM ETHIOPIA

Acarina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov ◽  
Leonid B. Rybalov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Porose Area ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

A new oribatid mite species of the genus Galumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) is described from Ethiopia, based on the material collected from litter and fallen leaves on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains. Galumna (Galumna) paracapensis Ermilov sp. n. differs from Galumna (Galumna) capensis Engelbrecht, 1969 in larger body size, strongly elongate postanal porose area, long longitudinal parts of porose areas Aa and the presence of sculpturing on prodorsum and pteromorphs.

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