scholarly journals The middle cingulate cortex and dorso-central insula: A mirror circuit encoding observation and execution of vitality forms

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (44) ◽  
pp. e2111358118
Author(s):  
G. Di Cesare ◽  
M. Marchi ◽  
G. Lombardi ◽  
M. Gerbella ◽  
A. Sciutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Form Processing ◽  
Forms Of Vitality ◽  
Middle Cingulate Cortex

Actions with identical goals can be executed in different ways (gentle, rude, vigorous, etc.), which D. N. Stern called vitality forms [D. N. Stern, Forms of Vitality Exploring Dynamic Experience in Psychology, Arts, Psychotherapy, and Development (2010)]. Vitality forms express the agent’s attitudes toward others. In a series of fMRI studies, we found that the dorso-central insula (DCI) is the region that is selectively active during both vitality form observation and execution. In one previous experiment, however, the middle cingulate gyrus also exhibited activation. In the present study, in order to assess the role of the cingulate cortex in vitality form processing, we adopted a classical vitality form paradigm, but making the control condition devoid of vitality forms using jerky movements. Participants performed two different tasks: Observation of actions performed gently or rudely and execution of the same actions. The results showed that in addition to the insula, the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) was strongly activated during both action observation and execution. Using a voxel-based analysis, voxels showing a similar trend of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in both action observation and execution were found in the DCI and in the MCC. Finally, using a multifiber tractography analysis, we showed that the active sites in MCC and DCI are reciprocally connected.

scholarly journals The role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in the formation of blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex during high-frequency stimulation of the rat perforant pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2177-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Helbing ◽  
Marta Brocka ◽  
Thomas Scherf ◽  
Michael T Lippert ◽  
Frank Angenstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level

Several human functional magnetic resonance imaging studies point to an activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system during reward, addiction and learning. We previously found activation of the mesolimbic system in response to continuous but not to discontinuous perforant pathway stimulation in an experimental model that we now used to investigate the role of dopamine release for the formation of functional magnetic resonance imaging responses. The two stimulation protocols elicited blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. Inhibition of dopamine D1/5 receptors abolished the formation of functional magnetic resonance imaging responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex during continuous but not during discontinuous pulse stimulations, i.e. only when the mesolimbic system was activated. Direct electrical or optogenetic stimulation of the ventral tegmental area caused strong dopamine release but only electrical stimulation triggered significant blood-oxygen level-dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. These functional magnetic resonance imaging responses were not affected by the D1/5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 but reduced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801. Therefore, glutamatergic ventral tegmental area neurons are already sufficient to trigger blood-oxygen-level dependent responses in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. Although dopamine release alone does not affect blood-oxygen-level dependent responses it can act as a switch, permitting the formation of blood-oxygen-level dependent responses.

The Relationship of Three Cortical Regions to an Information-Processing Model

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Anderson ◽  
Yulin Qin ◽  
V. Andrew Stenger ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Response Hand ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Relationship Of

This research tests a model of the computational role of three cortical regions in tasks like algebra equation solving. The model assumes that there is a left parietal region-of-interest (ROI) where the problem expression is represented and transformed, a left prefrontal ROI where information for solving the task is retrieved, and a motor ROI where hand movements to produce the answer are programmed. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of an abstract symbolmanipulation task was performed to articulate the roles of these three regions. Participants learned to associate words with instructions for transforming strings of letters. The study manipulated the need to retrieve these instructions, the need to transform the strings, and whether there was a delay between calculation of the answer and the output of the answer. As predicted, the left parietal ROI mainly reflected the need for a transformation and the left prefrontal ROI the need for retrieval. Homologous right ROIs showed similar but weaker responses. Neither the prefrontal nor the parietal ROIs responded to delay, but the motor ROI did respond to delay, implying motor rehearsal over the delay. Except for the motor ROI, these patterns of activity did not vary with response hand. In an ACT-R model, it was shown that the activity of an imaginal buffer predicted the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of the parietal ROI, the activity of a retrieval buffer predicted the response of the prefrontal ROI, and the activity of a manual buffer predicted the response of the motor ROI.

scholarly journals Role of blood oxygen level-dependent MRI in differentiation of acute renal allograft dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Hira Lal ◽  
Ezaz Mohamed ◽  
Neelam Soni ◽  
Priyank Yadav ◽  
Manoj Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Allograft Dysfunction

scholarly journals Analogous responses in the nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex to pain onset (aversion) and offset (relief) in rats and humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Becerra ◽  
E. Navratilova ◽  
F. Porreca ◽  
D. Borsook
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Noxious Heat ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Brain Processing

In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) appears to reflect affective and motivational aspects of pain. The responses of this reward-aversion circuit to relief of pain, however, have not been investigated in detail. Moreover, it is not clear whether brain processing of the affective qualities of pain in animals parallels the mechanisms observed in humans. In the present study, we analyzed fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity separately in response to an onset (aversion) and offset (reward) of a noxious heat stimulus to a dorsal part of a limb in both humans and rats. We show that pain onset results in negative activity change in the NAc and pain offset produces positive activity change in the ACC and NAc. These changes were analogous in humans and rats, suggesting that translational studies of brain circuits modulated by pain are plausible and may offer an opportunity for mechanistic investigation of pain and pain relief.

Reward Processing in Adolescents with Depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Georgia O’Callaghan ◽  
Argyris Stringaris
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Future Work

The role of aberrant neural processing of rewards in the development of depression has long been proposed. This commentary reviews the reward literature in adolescent depression across imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography methodologies. When integrating findings across studies, consistent neural abnormalities emerge, expressed as reduced striatal blood oxygen level-dependent responses to anticipation and feedback outcome phases of reward tasks, altered frontostriatal connectivity, and blunted feedback-related negativity potentials. These are observed in current depression but, more importantly, have been found to be predictive of the onset of depression in longitudinal studies with community-based adolescent samples. The evidence for the specificity of these findings to depression is discussed, in addition to a review of intervention work probing this mechanism as it relates to decreases in depressive symptomatology. The chapter makes recommendations for future work that may continue to elucidate this relationship, a greater understanding of which may lead to more targeted and efficacious treatments for depression in adolescence.

scholarly journals Effort, Avolition, and Motivational Experience in Schizophrenia: Analysis of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Data With Relationships to Daily Motivational Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568
Author(s):  
Adam J. Culbreth ◽  
Erin K. Moran ◽  
Sri Kandala ◽  
Andrew Westbrook ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

Recent research suggests that schizophrenia is associated with reduced effort allocation. We examined the willingness to expend effort, neural correlates of effort allocation, and the relationship of effort to daily motivational experience in individuals with schizophrenia. We recruited 28 individuals with schizophrenia and 30 control participants to perform an effort task during functional MRI. Individuals with schizophrenia also completed a protocol involving ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Individuals with schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms were less willing to expend effort for rewards. Daily EMAs of motivation were positively associated with effort allocation on a trend level. Individuals with schizophrenia and control participants displayed similar increases in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in frontal, cingulate, parietal, and insular regions during effort-based decision making. However, negative symptoms were associated with reduced BOLD activation in the bilateral ventral striatum. These results replicate previous reports of reduced effort allocation in patients with severe negative symptoms and provide evidence for the role of the ventral striatum in effort impairments.

scholarly journals A role for GABA in the modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems under stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Dolfen ◽  
Menno P. Veldman ◽  
Mareike A. Gann ◽  
Andreas von Leupoldt ◽  
Nicolaas A. J. Puts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Post Intervention

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that stress modulates the competitive interaction between the hippocampus and striatum, two structures known to be critically involved in motor sequence learning. These earlier investigations, however, have largely focused on blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses. No study to date has examined the link between stress, motor learning and levels of striatal and hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This knowledge gap is surprising given the known role of GABA in neuroplasticity subserving learning and memory. The current study thus examined: a) the effects of motor learning and stress on striatal and hippocampal GABA levels; and b) how learning- and stress-induced changes in GABA relate to the neural correlates of learning. To do so, fifty-three healthy young adults were exposed to a stressful or non-stressful control intervention before motor sequence learning. Striatal and hippocampal GABA levels were assessed at baseline and post-intervention/learning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Regression analyses indicated that stress modulated the link between striatal GABA levels and functional plasticity in both the hippocampus and striatum during learning as measured with fMRI. This study provides evidence for a role of GABA in the stress-induced modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems.

Assessing sensorimotor control of the lumbopelvic-hip region using task-based functional MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-206
Author(s):  
Sheri P. Silfies ◽  
Paul Beattie ◽  
Max Jordon ◽  
Jennifer M. C. Vendemia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Brain Changes

We demonstrated the feasibility of using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols for acquiring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of key sensorimotor cortex regions during voluntary lumbopelvic movements. Our approach activated lumbopelvic muscles during small-amplitude movements while participants were lying supine in the scanner. Our data supports these tasks can be done with limited head motion and low correlation of head motion to the task. The approach provides opportunities for assessing the role of brain changes in persistent low back pain.

Distinct Neural Correlates for Volitional Generation and Inhibition of Saccades

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Reuter ◽  
Christian Kaufmann ◽  
Julia Bender ◽  
Thomas Pinkpank ◽  
Norbert Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
Supplementary Eye Fields ◽  
Reflexive Saccades ◽  
Saccade Generation

The antisaccade task has proven highly useful in basic and clinical neuroscience, and the neural structures involved are well documented. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms that mediate task performance are not yet understood. An event-related fMRI study was designed to dissociate the neural correlates of two putative key functions, volitional saccade generation and inhibition of reflexive saccades, and to investigate their interaction. Nineteen healthy volunteers performed a task that required (a) to initiate saccades volitionally, either with or without a simultaneous demand to inhibit a reflexive saccade; and (b) to inhibit a reflexive saccade, either with or without a simultaneous demand to initiate a saccade volitionally. Analysis of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes confirmed a major role of the frontal eye fields and the supplementary eye fields in volitional saccade generation. Inhibition-related activation of a specific fronto-parietal network was highly consistent with previous evidence involved in inhibitory processes. Unexpectedly, there was little evidence of specific brain activation during combined generation and inhibition demands, suggesting that the neural processing of generation and inhibition in antisaccades is independent to a large extent.

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