scholarly journals Dehydroascorbate Reductase Affects Non-photochemical Quenching and Photosynthetic Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 283 (31) ◽  
pp. 21347-21361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Daniel R. Gallie
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Dehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

scholarly journals Recovery of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Kékfrankos’ from ‘bois noir’ disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-991
Author(s):  
Anikó Mátai ◽  
Péter Teszlák ◽  
Gábor Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

AbstractInvestigation of diseases caused by phytoplasmas, a group of cell-wall-less gram-positive bacteria has received significant attention in plant pathology. Grapevine is a host of two, genetically distinct phytoplasmas: Line Flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma associated to ‘flavescence dorée’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ responsible for ‘bois noir’ (BN) disease. In the current study, we focused on BN diseased grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Kékfrankos’), measured their photosynthetic performance and leaf hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. The latter is generally considered as a key molecule in the process of ‘recovery’ which is a spontaneous and unpredictable long-term remission of disease symptoms. This phenomenon also occurred during the time of our experiment. Infection resulted in reduced gas exchange performance and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII with an increased regulated non-photochemical quenching of PSII and H2O2 concentration. Changes in gas exchange seem to be a systemic response, while reduced photochemistry is a local response to ‘Ca. P. solani’ infection. H2O2 accumulation in BN phytoplasma infected plants, unlike in FD disease, was found to be a typical response to the appearance of a biotic stressor.

scholarly journals Nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2383-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
K. Gao ◽  
J. Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Abstract. It has been proposed that ocean acidification (OA) will interact with other environmental factors to influence the overall impact of global change on biological systems. Accordingly we investigated the influence of nitrogen limitation and OA on the physiology of diatoms by growing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under elevated (1000 μatm; high CO2 – HC) or ambient (390 μatm; low CO2 – LC) levels of CO2 with replete (110 μmol L−1; high nitrate – HN) or reduced (10 μmol L−1; low nitrate – LN) levels of NO3- and subjecting the cells to solar radiation with or without UV irradiance to determine their susceptibility to UV radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm). Our results indicate that OA and UVB induced significantly higher inhibition of both the photosynthetic rate and quantum yield under LN than under HN conditions. UVA or/and UVB increased the cells' non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) regardless of the CO2 levels. Under LN and OA conditions, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were enhanced, along with the highest sensitivity to UVB and the lowest ratio of repair to damage of PSII. HC-grown cells showed a faster recovery rate of yield under HN but not under LN conditions. We conclude therefore that nutrient limitation makes cells more prone to the deleterious effects of UV radiation and that HC conditions (ocean acidification) exacerbate this effect. The finding that nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance of the diatom P. tricornutum implies that ocean primary production and the marine biological C pump will be affected by OA under multiple stressors.

scholarly journals Nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 17675-17706 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
K. Gao ◽  
J. Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Abstract. It has been proposed that ocean acidification (OA) will interact with other environmental factors to influence the overall impact of global change on biological systems. Accordingly we investigated the influence of nitrogen limitation and OA on the physiology of diatoms by growing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under elevated (1000 μatm, HC) or ambient (390 μatm, LC) levels of CO2 with replete (110 μmol L-1, HN) or reduced (10 μmol L-1, LN) levels of NO3- and subjecting the cells to solar radiation with or without UV irradiance to determine their susceptibility to UV radiation (280–400 nm). Our results indicate that OA and UVB induced significantly higher inhibition of both the photosynthetic rate and quantum yield under LN than under HN conditions. UVA or/and UVB increased the cells' non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) regardless of the CO2 levels. Under LN and OA conditions, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were enhanced, along with the highest sensitivity to UVB and the lowest ratio of repair to damage of PSII. HC-grown cells showed a faster recovery rate of yield under HN but not under LN conditions. The finding that nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance of the diatom P. tricornutum implies that ocean primary production and the marine biological C pump will be affected by the OA under multiple stressors.

scholarly journals The soil hydrogel improved photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings treated under drought

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jamnická ◽  
Ľ. Ditmarová ◽  
D. Kurjak ◽  
J. Kmeť ◽  
E. Pšidová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

The effect of soil amendment with the STOCKOSORB&reg;500 MICRO hydrophilic polymer on the photosynthetic traits in beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) during 50 days of dehydration was investigated. Dehydration was detected through osmotic potential (&Psi;<sub>s</sub>) in the assimilatory organs of beech seedlings. The addition of Stockosorb positively affected the CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate (A) and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/T), for severely drought-treated seedlings. In comparison with irrigated plants, the values of A of non-irrigated plants with Stockosorb substrate decreased by 50%, and in non-irrigated plants with common substrate by 88%. The fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated chronic photoinhibition under drought treatment without Stockosorb, while no significant changes in maximal quantum efficiency (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) were recorded under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The actual quantum efficiency of PSII (&Phi;<sub>PSII</sub>) markedly decreased in both treatments &ndash; with and without Stockosorb, though significant differences were found only between control treatments and drought treatment without Stockosorb. Moreover, the thermal energy dissipation (NPQ) was strongly limited under severe drought stress. The capacity to down regulate PSII functionality through non-photochemical quenching was maintained under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The results indicate that an amendment with soil conditioner significantly improved the photosynthetic performance of drought-stressed beech seedlings.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHILLING STRESS ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG PLANTS FROM TWO MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) HYBRIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Cholakova-Bimbalova ◽  
Andon Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

: In the climate conditions of Bulgaria, early stages of maize plants development often go under suboptimal temperatures. Chilling stress is known to cause different physiological disturbances in young maize plants during the transition period from heterotrophic to autotrophic nutrition. However, the effect of chilling may differ among maize hybrids. Photosynthetic performance could be a good indicator for the hybrid tolerance to chilling. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerance of young maize plants from two hybrids – the new Bulgarian hybrid - Kneza 307 and the hybrid P9528 using as criteria the changes in their photosynthetic performance.Plants at the third leaf stage were exposed for seven days to chilling stress. At the end of the experimental period, growth, leaf lipid peroxidation, and several photosynthetic parameters were measured. We found that chilling stress reduced the fresh mass accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, diminished net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, and enhanced non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Although the responses of both hybrids were similar, some specificity were observed and discussed.

scholarly journals HSFA1 proteins mediate heat-induced accumulation of CPT7-derived polyprenols affecting thylakoid organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buszewicz ◽  
Łucja Maria Kowalewska ◽  
Radosław Mazur ◽  
Marta Zajbt-Łuczniewska ◽  
Liliana Surmacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factors ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Induced Changes

Polyprenols are ubiquitous isoprenoid compounds that accumulate in large quantities in plant photosynthetic tissues. While our knowledge of polyprenol biochemistry is constantly expanding, the regulation of their biosynthesis as well as the molecular basis of their cellular action are still poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, the polyprenols Pren-9, -10 and -11, synthesized by cis-prenyltransferase 7 (CPT7), are localized in plastidial membranes and affect the photosynthetic performance of chloroplasts. In this report we present evidence that plastidial polyprenols are among the major constituents of thylakoid membranes. Disturbances in polyprenol level, caused by alterations in CPT7 expression, change chloroplast ultrastructure, affect aggregation of LHCII complexes and modulate non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Moreover, we show that Arabidopsis responds to high temperature by upregulating expression of CPT7 and increasing the accumulation of CPT7-derived polyprenols. These heat-induced changes in polyprenol biosynthesis are mediated by Heat Shock Transcription Factors of the HSFA1 family, the master regulators of heat stress response. Collectively, results presented in this report bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms by which polyprenols affect plant physiology and provide an additional link between chloroplast biology and plant responses to changing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Providing an additional electron sink by the introduction of cyanobacterial flavodiirons enhances the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in varying light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Tula ◽  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Twan Rutten ◽  
Rodrigo Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Electron Sink

AbstractThe ability of plants to maintain photosynthesis in a dynamically changing environment is of central importance for their growth. As their photosynthetic machinery typically cannot adapt rapidly to fluctuations in the intensity of radiation, the level of photosynthetic efficiency is not always optimal. Cyanobacteria, algae, non-vascular plants (mosses and liverworts) and gymnosperms all produce flavodiirons (Flvs), a class of proteins not represented in the angiosperms; these proteins act to mitigate the photoinhibition of photosystem I. Here, genes specifying two cyanobacterial Flvs have been expressed in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana in an attempt to improve the robustness of Photosystem I (PSI). The expression of Flv1 and Flv3 together shown to enhance the efficiency of the utilization of light and to boost the plant’s capacity to accumulate biomass. Based on an assessment of the chlorophyll fluorescence in the transgenic plants, the implication was that photosynthetic activity (including electron transport flow and non-photochemical quenching during a dark-to-light transition) was initiated earlier in the transgenic than in wild type plants. The improved photosynthetic performance of the transgenics was accompanied by an increased production of ATP, an acceleration of carbohydrate metabolism and a more pronounced partitioning of sucrose into starch. The indications are that Flvs are able to establish an efficient electron sink downstream of PSI, thereby ensuring that the photosynthetic electron transport chain remains in a more oxidized state. The expression of Flvs in a plant acts to both protect photosynthesis and to control the ATP/NADPH ratio; together, their presence is beneficial for the plant’s growth potential.

scholarly journals Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Magdalena Trojak ◽  
Ernest Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Photosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which allows them to dissipate excess excitation energy in the form of harmless heat. However, under non-stressful conditions in indoor farming, it would be favorable to restrict the NPQ activity and increase plant photosynthetic performance by optimizing the light spectrum. Towards this goal, we investigated the dynamics of NPQ, photosynthetic properties, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of tomato plants grown under different light qualities: monochromatic red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light (L) at 80 µmol m−2 s−1 and R:G:B = 1:1:1 (referred to as the white light (WL)) at 120 µmol m−2 s−1. The results confirm that monochromatic BL increased the quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments accumulation. The RL and BL treatments enhanced the NPQ amplitude and showed negative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, plants grown solely under GL or WL presented a lower amplitude of NPQ due to the reduced accumulation of NPQ-related proteins, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS), PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION-LIKE1 (PGRL1), cytochrome b6f subunit f (cytf) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). Additionally, we noticed that plants grown under GL or RL presented an increased rate of lipid peroxidation. Overall, our results indicate the potential role of GL in lowering the NPQ amplitude, while the role of BL in the RGB spectrum is to ensure photosynthetic performance and photoprotective properties.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance of two maize genotypes as affected by chilling stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kosová ◽  
D. Haisel ◽  
I. Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
And Control

The effect of chilling on light dependence of photosynthetic and chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics in two maize genotypes CE 704 and CE 810 grown in a glasshouse during spring and autumn was studied. In spring, the net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>N</sub>) of CE 704 plants was not affected by chilling under moderate irradiance but it was strongly affected under a saturating one. This indicates that efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus was not affected by chilling but its capacity was decreased. Contrary to CE 704, CE 810 plants were not affected by chilling under saturating irradiance. In autumn, CE 704 plants adapted to chilling and no statistically significant differencies in P<sub>N</sub> and Fv/Fm between chilled and control plants in the whole range of irradiance were found. Enhanced activity of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in chilled CE 704 plants under saturating irradiance corresponded with an increased level of xanthophyll cycle pigments and an increased deepoxidation state of these pigments.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Enhances Photosynthesis in the Medicinal Herb Salvia fruticosa by Improving Photosystem II Photochemistry

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moustakas ◽  
Gülriz Bayçu ◽  
Ilektra Sperdouli ◽  
Hilal Eroğlu ◽  
Eleftherios P. Eleftheriou
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

We investigated the influence of Salvia fruticosa colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis on photosynthetic function by using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis to evaluate the light energy use in photosystem II (PSII) of inoculated and non-inoculated plants. We observed that inoculated plants used significantly higher absorbed energy in photochemistry (ΦPSII) than non-inoculated and exhibited significant lower excess excitation energy (EXC). However, the increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants did not result in a reduced non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), suggesting the same singlet oxygen (1O2) formation between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants was due to an increased efficiency of open PSII centers to utilize the absorbed light (Fv’/Fm’) due to a decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) since there was no difference in the fraction of open reaction centers (qp). The decreased NPQ in inoculated plants resulted in an increased electron-transport rate (ETR) compared to non-inoculated. Yet, inoculated plants exhibited a higher efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII as revealed by the increased Fv/Fo ratio. A spatial heterogeneity between the leaf tip and the leaf base for the parameters ΦPSII and ΦNPQ was observed in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants, reflecting different developmental zones. Overall, our findings suggest that the increased ETR of inoculated S. fruticosa contributes to increased photosynthetic performance, providing growth advantages to inoculated plants by increasing their aboveground biomass, mainly by increasing leaf biomass.

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