scholarly journals HSFA1 proteins mediate heat-induced accumulation of CPT7-derived polyprenols affecting thylakoid organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buszewicz ◽  
Łucja Maria Kowalewska ◽  
Radosław Mazur ◽  
Marta Zajbt-Łuczniewska ◽  
Liliana Surmacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factors ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Induced Changes

Polyprenols are ubiquitous isoprenoid compounds that accumulate in large quantities in plant photosynthetic tissues. While our knowledge of polyprenol biochemistry is constantly expanding, the regulation of their biosynthesis as well as the molecular basis of their cellular action are still poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, the polyprenols Pren-9, -10 and -11, synthesized by cis-prenyltransferase 7 (CPT7), are localized in plastidial membranes and affect the photosynthetic performance of chloroplasts. In this report we present evidence that plastidial polyprenols are among the major constituents of thylakoid membranes. Disturbances in polyprenol level, caused by alterations in CPT7 expression, change chloroplast ultrastructure, affect aggregation of LHCII complexes and modulate non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Moreover, we show that Arabidopsis responds to high temperature by upregulating expression of CPT7 and increasing the accumulation of CPT7-derived polyprenols. These heat-induced changes in polyprenol biosynthesis are mediated by Heat Shock Transcription Factors of the HSFA1 family, the master regulators of heat stress response. Collectively, results presented in this report bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms by which polyprenols affect plant physiology and provide an additional link between chloroplast biology and plant responses to changing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Relation of Photochemical Reflectance Indices Based on Different Wavelengths to the Parameters of Light Reactions in Photosystems I and II in Pea Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Pam Fluorometer ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Reflectance Indices

Measurement and analysis of the numerous reflectance indices of plants is an effective approach for the remote sensing of plant physiological processes in agriculture and ecological monitoring. A photochemical reflectance index (PRI) plays an important role in this kind of remote sensing because it can be related to early changes in photosynthetic processes under the action of stressors (excess light, changes in temperature, drought, etc.). In particular, we previously showed that light-induced changes in PRIs could be strongly related to the energy-dependent component of the non-photochemical quenching in photosystem II. The aim of the present work was to undertake comparative analysis of the efficiency of using light-induced changes in PRIs (ΔPRIs) based on different wavelengths for the estimation of the parameters of photosynthetic light reactions (including the parameters of photosystem I). Pea plants were used in the investigation; the photosynthetic parameters were measured using the pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometer Dual-PAM-100 and the intensities of the reflected light were measured using the spectrometer S100. The ΔPRIs were calculated as ΔPRI(band,570), where the band was 531 nm for the typical PRI and 515, 525, 535, 545, or 555 nm for modified PRIs; 570 nm was the reference wavelength for all PRIs. There were several important results: (1) ∆PRI(525,570), ∆PRI(531,570), ∆PRI(535,570), and ∆PRI(545,570) could be used for estimation of most of the photosynthetic parameters under light only or under dark only conditions. (2) The combination of dark and light conditions decreased the efficiency of ∆PRIs for the estimation of the photosynthetic parameters; ∆PRI(535,570) and ∆PRI(545,570) had maximal efficiency under these conditions. (3) ∆PRI(515,570) and ∆PRI(525,570) mainly included the slow-relaxing component of PRI; in contrast, ∆PRI(531,570), ∆PRI(535,570), ∆PRI(545,570), and ∆PRI(555,570) mainly included the fast-relaxing component of PRI. These components were probably caused by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Recovery of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Kékfrankos’ from ‘bois noir’ disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-991
Author(s):  
Anikó Mátai ◽  
Péter Teszlák ◽  
Gábor Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

AbstractInvestigation of diseases caused by phytoplasmas, a group of cell-wall-less gram-positive bacteria has received significant attention in plant pathology. Grapevine is a host of two, genetically distinct phytoplasmas: Line Flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma associated to ‘flavescence dorée’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ responsible for ‘bois noir’ (BN) disease. In the current study, we focused on BN diseased grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Kékfrankos’), measured their photosynthetic performance and leaf hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. The latter is generally considered as a key molecule in the process of ‘recovery’ which is a spontaneous and unpredictable long-term remission of disease symptoms. This phenomenon also occurred during the time of our experiment. Infection resulted in reduced gas exchange performance and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII with an increased regulated non-photochemical quenching of PSII and H2O2 concentration. Changes in gas exchange seem to be a systemic response, while reduced photochemistry is a local response to ‘Ca. P. solani’ infection. H2O2 accumulation in BN phytoplasma infected plants, unlike in FD disease, was found to be a typical response to the appearance of a biotic stressor.

scholarly journals Nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2383-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
K. Gao ◽  
J. Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Abstract. It has been proposed that ocean acidification (OA) will interact with other environmental factors to influence the overall impact of global change on biological systems. Accordingly we investigated the influence of nitrogen limitation and OA on the physiology of diatoms by growing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under elevated (1000 μatm; high CO2 – HC) or ambient (390 μatm; low CO2 – LC) levels of CO2 with replete (110 μmol L−1; high nitrate – HN) or reduced (10 μmol L−1; low nitrate – LN) levels of NO3- and subjecting the cells to solar radiation with or without UV irradiance to determine their susceptibility to UV radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm). Our results indicate that OA and UVB induced significantly higher inhibition of both the photosynthetic rate and quantum yield under LN than under HN conditions. UVA or/and UVB increased the cells' non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) regardless of the CO2 levels. Under LN and OA conditions, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were enhanced, along with the highest sensitivity to UVB and the lowest ratio of repair to damage of PSII. HC-grown cells showed a faster recovery rate of yield under HN but not under LN conditions. We conclude therefore that nutrient limitation makes cells more prone to the deleterious effects of UV radiation and that HC conditions (ocean acidification) exacerbate this effect. The finding that nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance of the diatom P. tricornutum implies that ocean primary production and the marine biological C pump will be affected by OA under multiple stressors.

scholarly journals Nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 17675-17706 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
K. Gao ◽  
J. Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Abstract. It has been proposed that ocean acidification (OA) will interact with other environmental factors to influence the overall impact of global change on biological systems. Accordingly we investigated the influence of nitrogen limitation and OA on the physiology of diatoms by growing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under elevated (1000 μatm, HC) or ambient (390 μatm, LC) levels of CO2 with replete (110 μmol L-1, HN) or reduced (10 μmol L-1, LN) levels of NO3- and subjecting the cells to solar radiation with or without UV irradiance to determine their susceptibility to UV radiation (280–400 nm). Our results indicate that OA and UVB induced significantly higher inhibition of both the photosynthetic rate and quantum yield under LN than under HN conditions. UVA or/and UVB increased the cells' non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) regardless of the CO2 levels. Under LN and OA conditions, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were enhanced, along with the highest sensitivity to UVB and the lowest ratio of repair to damage of PSII. HC-grown cells showed a faster recovery rate of yield under HN but not under LN conditions. The finding that nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance of the diatom P. tricornutum implies that ocean primary production and the marine biological C pump will be affected by the OA under multiple stressors.

scholarly journals The soil hydrogel improved photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings treated under drought

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jamnická ◽  
Ľ. Ditmarová ◽  
D. Kurjak ◽  
J. Kmeť ◽  
E. Pšidová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

The effect of soil amendment with the STOCKOSORB&reg;500 MICRO hydrophilic polymer on the photosynthetic traits in beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) during 50 days of dehydration was investigated. Dehydration was detected through osmotic potential (&Psi;<sub>s</sub>) in the assimilatory organs of beech seedlings. The addition of Stockosorb positively affected the CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate (A) and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/T), for severely drought-treated seedlings. In comparison with irrigated plants, the values of A of non-irrigated plants with Stockosorb substrate decreased by 50%, and in non-irrigated plants with common substrate by 88%. The fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated chronic photoinhibition under drought treatment without Stockosorb, while no significant changes in maximal quantum efficiency (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) were recorded under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The actual quantum efficiency of PSII (&Phi;<sub>PSII</sub>) markedly decreased in both treatments &ndash; with and without Stockosorb, though significant differences were found only between control treatments and drought treatment without Stockosorb. Moreover, the thermal energy dissipation (NPQ) was strongly limited under severe drought stress. The capacity to down regulate PSII functionality through non-photochemical quenching was maintained under drought treatment with Stockosorb. The results indicate that an amendment with soil conditioner significantly improved the photosynthetic performance of drought-stressed beech seedlings.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHILLING STRESS ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG PLANTS FROM TWO MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) HYBRIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Cholakova-Bimbalova ◽  
Andon Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

: In the climate conditions of Bulgaria, early stages of maize plants development often go under suboptimal temperatures. Chilling stress is known to cause different physiological disturbances in young maize plants during the transition period from heterotrophic to autotrophic nutrition. However, the effect of chilling may differ among maize hybrids. Photosynthetic performance could be a good indicator for the hybrid tolerance to chilling. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerance of young maize plants from two hybrids – the new Bulgarian hybrid - Kneza 307 and the hybrid P9528 using as criteria the changes in their photosynthetic performance.Plants at the third leaf stage were exposed for seven days to chilling stress. At the end of the experimental period, growth, leaf lipid peroxidation, and several photosynthetic parameters were measured. We found that chilling stress reduced the fresh mass accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, diminished net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, and enhanced non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Although the responses of both hybrids were similar, some specificity were observed and discussed.

scholarly journals The use of high throughput phenotyping for assessment of heat stress-induced changes in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Gao ◽  
Mark A. Tester ◽  
Magdalena M. Julkowska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Size And Morphology

AbstractThe worldwide rise in heatwave frequency poses a threat to plant survival and productivity. Determining the new marker phenotypes that show reproducible response to heat stress and contribute to heat stress tolerance is becoming a priority. In this study, we describe a protocol focusing on the daily changes in plant morphology and photosynthetic performance after exposure to heat stress using an automated non-invasive phenotyping system. Heat stress exposure resulted in an acute reduction of quantum yield of photosystem II and increased leaf angle. In the longer term, exposure to heat also affected plant growth and morphology. By tracking the recovery period of WT and mutants impaired in thermotolerance (hsp101), we observed that the difference in maximum quantum yield, quenching, rosette size, and morphology. By examining the correlation across the traits throughout time, we observed that early changes in photochemical quenching corresponded with the rosette size at later stages, which suggests the contribution of quenching to overall heat tolerance. We also determined that 6h of heat stress provides the most informative insight in plant responses to heat, as it shows a clear separation between treated and non-treated plants as well as WT and hsp101. Our work streamlines future discoveries by providing an experimental protocol, data analysis pipeline and new phenotypes that could be used as targets in thermotolerance screenings.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Melatonin and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid on Protection of Photosynthesis System in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stressors

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Aida Shomali ◽  
Sasan Aliniaeifard ◽  
Fardad Didaran ◽  
Mahmoud Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Abiotic Stressors

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and melatonin are endogenous compounds that enhance plant responses to abiotic stresses. The response of Vicia faba to different stressors (salinity (NaCl), poly ethylene glycol (PEG), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) was studied after priming with sole application of GABA and melatonin or their co-application (GABA + melatonin). Both melatonin and GABA and their co-application increased leaf area, number of flowers, shoot dry and fresh weight, and total biomass. Plants treated with GABA, melatonin, and GABA + melatonin developed larger stomata with wider aperture compared to the stomata of control plants. The functionality of the photosynthetic system was improved in primed plants. To investigate the photosynthetic functionality in details, the leaf samples of primed plants were exposed to different stressors, including SO2, PEG, and NaCl. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II) was higher in the leaf samples of primed plants, while the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of primed plants was decreased when leaf samples were exposed to the stressors. Correlation analysis showed the association of initial PIabs with post-stress FV/FM and NPQ. Stressors attenuated the association of initial PIabs with both FV/FM and NPQ, while priming plants with GABA, melatonin, or GABA + melatonin minimized the effect of stressors by attenuating these correlations. In conclusion, priming plants with both GABA and melatonin improved growth and photosynthetic performance of Vicia faba and mitigated the effects of abiotic stressors on the photosynthetic performance.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic apparatus performance of tomato seedlings grown under various combinations of LED illumination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249373
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Yousef ◽  
Muhammad M. Ali ◽  
Hafiz M. Rizwan ◽  
Shehu Abubakar Tadda ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

It is already known that the process of photosynthesis depends on the quality and intensity of light. However, the influence of the new light sources recently used in horticulture, known as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), on this process is not yet fully understood. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement has been widely used as a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive tool to study the efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) and to evaluate plant responses to various environmental factors, including light intensity and quality. In this work, we tested the responses of the tomato photosynthetic apparatus to different light spectral qualities. Our results showed that the best performance of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed under a mixture of red and blue light (R7:B3) or a mixture of red, green and blue light (R3:G2:B5). This was demonstrated by the increase in the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Y[II]), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR). On the other hand, the mixture of red and blue light with a high proportion of blue light led to an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Our results can be used to improve the production of tomato plants under artificial light conditions. However, since we found that the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato plants to a particular light regime were cultivar-dependent and there was a weak correlation between the growth and photosynthetic parameters tested in this work, special attention should be paid in future research.

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