Degrees of Acceptability in Literary Translation

Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xose Rosales Sequeiros

Abstract This article argues that acceptability in literary translation depends on judgements of relevance regarding the degree of (non-)interpretive resemblance between the interpretations intended in the original and target texts. Interpretive resemblance is defined as the relationship between two propositions in terms of the logical and contextual assumptions shared by them. Faithfulness in translation reflects this degree of interpretive resemblance and, as a result, is susceptible to varying degrees. The claim is made that for a translation to be acceptable, its degree of (non-)interpretive resemblance must be such that the resulting translation ought to meet the expectations of relevance it raises in the audience. Résumé Dans cet article nous voulons démontrer que l'acceptabilité dans la traduction littéraire dépend de ce qu'on juge être pertinent quant au degré de similarité (non-)interprétative entre les interprétations du texte original et du texte traduit. La similarité interprétative se définit comme le rapport entre deux propositions en termes de suppositions logiques et contextuelles qu'elles partagent. La fidélité dans la traduction reflète le degré de similarité interprétative et par conséquent elle y est sensible à différents degrés. Nous affirmons qu'une traduction est acceptable si le degré de similarité (non-)interprétative est tel que la traduction qui en résulte répond à l'attente de pertinence soulevée chez le public.

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-255
Author(s):  
Stefano Evangelista

This chapter explores the relationship between the proliferation of artificial languages and literary cosmopolitanism at the turn of the century: both strove to promote ideas of world citizenship, universal communication, and peaceful international relations. The two most successful artificial languages of this period, Volapük and Esperanto, employed literature, literary translation, and the periodical medium to create a new type of cosmopolitan literacy intended to quench divisive nationalisms and to challenge Herder’s theories on the link between national language and individual identity. Starting with Henry James’s lampooning of Volapük in his short story ‘The Pupil’ (1891), the chapter charts the uneasy relationship between literature and artificial language movements. Ludwik L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, stressed the importance of literary translation for his utopian ideal and used original literature to explore the complex affect of his cosmopolitan identity. The chapter closes with an analysis of the growth of the Esperanto movement in turn-of-the-century Britain, focusing on its overlap with literary, artistic, and radical circles, on contributions by Max Müller, W. T. Stead, and Felix Moscheles, and on the 1907 Cambridge Esperanto World Congress.


Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Shunnaq ◽  
Fayez Abul-Kas

Abstract Poetry in general and lyric poetry in particular are perhaps the most difficult types of texts to be rendered from one language into another without much change in meaning and structure. That is why folkloric songs could be considered as toilsome to be rendered, because they are often culture-bound. Moreover, they have a highly complicated sign structure which plays an important role in transmitting culture. It may be helpful and useful to investigate a number of difficulties in translating these rhymed texts which reflect certain aspects of culture (social, political and ecological, among others). Despite the dearth of references, the authors have succeeded in obtaining the necessary data of translating these folkloric songs. They aim to reach modest findings which could be beneficial to students of translation. In this paper, it may be useful to introduce some ideas about the nature of translation and translatability as well as literary translation with special reference to the semantic vs. communicative translation. It also aims to shed light on the translatability of some Jordanian folkloric songs. This study partly provides examples of the authors' translations from Arabic into English, which are only attempts of translating these literary texts. The translations are meant only for the aim of comparison or to support data. Some conclusions and recommendations about the translatability of folkloric songs are reached. Résumé La poésie en général et la poésie lyrique en particulier sont probablement les types de textes les plus difficiles à reproduire d'une langue dans une autre sans introduction de changement de signification ou de structure. C'est la rasion pour laquelle les chants folkloriques, généralement liés à la culture sont difficiles à traduire. De plus, la structure des signes est éminemment compliquée et joue un rôle important au niveau de la transmission de la teneur culturelle. Il peut donc être intéressant et utile d'analyser un certain nombre de difficultés qui surgissent lors de la traduction de ces textes rythmés qui reflètent certains aspects culturels (sociaux, politiques et écologiques, entres autres). En dépit du manque de références, les auteurs sont parvenus à obtenir les informations nécessaires à la traduction de ces chants folkloriques. Leur but est d'obtenir certains indications susceptibles d'être précieuses pour les étudiants en traduction. Dans le présent article, les auteurs ont estimé qu'il pouvait être utile d'introduire certains notions concernant la nature de la traduction et de la traductibilité mais aussi de la traduction littéraire, en particulier dans le domaine de l'opposition traduction sémantique — traduction communicative. Les auteurs souhaitent aussi aborder la traductibilité de certains chants folkloriques jordaniens, et ce à l'aide d'exemples de traductions arabe-anglais réalisées par les auteurs mais qui ne sont d'après ces derniers que des essais de traduction de ces textes littéraires. Ces traductions visent uniquement à comparer les informations ou à fournir des indications utiles. Ce faisant ils sont parvenus à formuler un certain nombre de conclusions et de recommendations concernant la traductibilité des chants folkloriques.


Babel ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
David Horton

Abstract Pronominal modes of address are an instance of the kind of structural incompatibility between languages which presents a considerable challenge to the translator. Indeed, they have been described as an "impossibility of translation" (Lyons). The structural contrast between English and most other European languages with regard to this feature has significant implications for literary translations, since address behaviour encodes social relations and thus functions as an important signal of unfolding interpersonal dynamics in texts. This article explores the implications of divergent address systems in the translation of dramatic discourse, using examples from French-English and English-German translation to illustrate the problems involved. In the first case, the absence of differentiated second-person pronouns in modern English means that other signals have to be found to encode the social dynamics of the text. In Sartre's subtle exploration of shifting human relations in Huis Clos/In Camera we witness a constant switching between the "tu" and "vous" forms of address as the characters seek to establish their roles. Translation into English inevitably results in a loss of explicitness and the introduction of alternative indices of interpersonal relations. In translation from English into German, on the other hand, as an analysis of Pinter's The Caretaker/Der Hausmeister demonstrates, selection between the "du" and "Sie"-forms becomes necessary, and a further level of differentiation is added to those available in the original. Here, pronominal choice presupposes a careful analysis of the dynamics of the text, and results in an explicitation of the attitudinal nuances of the original. In both cases, the process of translation implies a re-encoding based on the translator's individual conception of the source texts. The issue under discussion thus emerges as an archetypal feature of literary translation, showing how the latter manipulates texts by opening up some interpretive possibilities and closing down others. Résumé Les pronoms appellatifs sont un exemple du type de l'incompatibilité structurelle entre les langues qui représente un défi considérable pour le traducteur. En fait, ces pronoms ont été décrits comme une "impossibilité de traduction" (Lyons). Le contraste structurelle entre l'anglais et la plupart des autres langues européennes vis-à-vis de cet aspect a des implications significatives pour la traduction littéraire, car la façon de s'adresser encode des relations sociales et fonctionne donc comme un signal important d'ouverture des dynamiques interpersonnelles dans les textes. Cet article explore les implications des systèmes divergents d'appellation dans la traduction du discours dramatique, en utilisant des exemples de traduction français-anglais et anglais-allemand pour illustrer les problèmes. Dans le premier cas, l'absence de pronoms de la seconde personne différenciés dans l'anglais moderne signifie que d'autres signaux doivent être trouvés pour encoder la dynamique sociale du texte. Dans l'exploration subtile de Sartre des glissements de relations humaines dans Huis Clos (en anglais In Camera), nous sommes les témoins d'un transfert constant entre les formes d'abord "tu" et "vous", alors que les personnages cherchent à définir leurs rôles. La traduction vers l'anglais résulte inévitablement en une perte d'explicité et l'introduction d'indices alternatifs pour les relations interpersonnelles. Dans la traduction de l'anglais vers l'allemand, telle que le démontre une analyse de The Caretaker de Pinter (en allemand Der Hausmeister), le choix entre les formes de tutoiement et de vouvoiement devient nécessaire, et un niveau ultérieur de différenciation s'ajoute à ceux disponibles dans l'original. Ici le choix pronominal présuppose une analyse soigneuse de la dynamique du texte, et se conclut par une explicitation des nuances d'aptitude de l'original. Dans les deux cas, le processus de traduction implique un ré-encodage basée sur la conception individuelle du traducteur des textes sources. Le point discuté apparaît donc comme une caractéristique de type archétypal de la traduction littéraire, indiquant comment cette dernière manipule les textes en les ouvrant à certaines possibilités d'interprétation et en les fermant à d'autres.


Author(s):  
Y Arustamyan

The article discusses the role of national-cultural information in a literary text and the necessity for its representation in a translated text. The opinions of several researchers regarding the relationship between language and culture are observed here. Basing on these general assumptions, the conclusion related to the specificity of culture representation in a literary translation is given.


Author(s):  
Irvin Wolters

This chapter presents an archive-based case study of the Bibliotheca Neerlandica, a project launched in 1955 by the newly established Foundation for the Promotion of the Translation of Dutch Literary Works, which aimed to publish commercial English translations of seventeen volumes of Dutch literature, but ended abruptly in 1969 with the publication of the tenth. Through analysis of the underlying aims, the prevailing culture of literary translation, the choices of text and the notion of a ‘Dutch canon’, the structure and management of the commissioning body and the relationship with the publisher, Heinemann, the chapter provides a nuanced cautionary tale about the use of imaginative literature for cultural diplomacy. The chapter documents the breakdown of the project’s relationship with Heinemann, prompted not only by the publisher’s major commercial difficulties in the period, but also by the quality of the translations, which regularly needed review, revision and correction, and the unsuitability of the texts chosen. It highlights the negative reception of those volumes that were reviewed, which found in the texts precisely the claustrophobic provincialism that the series had been conceived to overcome.


2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Ana-Karina Schneider

In comparative terms, after the strict cultural policies and censorship of the communist regime, the literature and literary studies of post-communist Romania would seem to be almost completely free of the political. This article investigates the complex ways in which various aspects of the study and reception of English literature - from the practice of teaching English, through textbooks, to literary translation - reflect the evolution of the relationship between literature and politics in pre- and post-1989 Romania. In the asymmetrical cultural exchange resulting from the inevitable hierarchy in which Anglo-American culture is dominant, whereas Romanian culture is perpetually subordinate, the latter embraces its marginality and places itself strategically at the receiving end. I therefore argue that while Anglo-American scholars' concern with the pernicious outcomes of Anglocentricity in ES is in itself a laudable ethical move, in target cultures such as the Romanian, Anglocentricity may function as a catalyst of resistance and change.


Author(s):  
Vida Jesenšek

AbstractMost phrasemes contain varied semantic, stylistic, functionally pragmatic, and text-forming properties. Furthermore, phrasemes also contain additional semantic and pragmatic properties. Hence, they are regarded as complex for the translation process. Their complexity becomes even more evident during literary translation. The relationship between dictionary equivalence and text equivalence within interlingual connections is considered as particularly important. Consequently, it is observed in the present paper. The research is based on recorded instances of translated phrasemes between German as the source language and Slovene as the target language. The paper outlines how original German phrasemes were translated into Slovene, which translation procedures and strategies were applied, and to what extent dictionaries were used during the translation process. It has become evident that contrastive-linguistically defined and lexicographically documented phraseological system equivalence does not sufficiently cater for the active translator. The active translator namely principally seeks functionally pragmatic interlingual equivalence, which has to be determined in compliance with a given context. The analysis has shown many phrasemes to feature specific semantic characteristics. Consequently, the meaning of each phraseme is essentially dependent on context. Meanings of phrasemes vary significantly and can lexicographically be accurately deduced only by taking different contexts into consideration. Requirements for highlighting phraseology in dictionaries appropriately - in order for dictionaries to be applicable as viable translation aids - should therefore be based on the essential semantic characteristics of phrasemes in order to enable the user (translator) to access a vast repository of tentative translation equivalents.


2020 ◽  
pp. 002198942097101
Author(s):  
Christina Phillips

Differences in culture, language, and context alter the reading experience, meaning, and textual relations of modern Arabic literature in translation, which raises questions about the relationship between the Arabic and translated canon. Drawing on Lawrence Venuti, Pascale Casanova, and Abdelfattah Kilito, I explore translation as consecration, annexation, and decontextualization in order to illustrate the issues involved in Arabic–English literary travel and to move the scholarly debate on Arabic–English translation beyond questions of strategy and domestication. Through textual and paratextual analysis of the English translation of Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013/2018), I show how even a highly translatable modern Arabic text undergoes multiple semantic and symbolic shifts as it transfers into English. Bringing these findings together with observations on the wider Arabic literary translation environment, I argue that modern Arabic literature in translation is its own canon, deserving of independent study, whose hybridity can teach us much about the dynamics of cultural encounter, effects of literary capital, and the discursive and semantic disjunctions between English and Arabic culture and literature.


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