DEIXIS USE IN “AL-QALB AL-JARȊH” SHORT STORY BY NAJIB KAILANI (A PRAGMATIC STUDY)

<p>This study describe the types of deixis and their functions contained in the short story <em>al-Qalb al-Jarȋh </em>by Najib Kailani. Through deixis, readers or listeners will be helped to know who, when, and where an utterance is carried out based on its context. In this study, the method used is descriptive-qualitative with a pragmatic approach. The object of the research is the short story al-Qalb al-Jarȋh, while the research data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences identified contain elements of deixis. The results of the study prove that the short story of al-Qalb al-Jarȋh by Najib Kailani contains various elements of deixis, including: person deixis, time deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis.</p>

Identifying who is who in Brokpa

The grammatical features of a language reflect the attitudes and societal practices, both past and present, of its speakers. This chapter examines some select linguistic categories in order to understand how the Brokpa language and its society are closely correlated. The linguistic categories include the comparative construction, honorific systems and social deixis, and topographic deixis. Brokpa has a well-developed honorific systems. For example, the verbs of speaking and giving have three different forms for the same meaning, two honorific and one ordinary. One honorific form is to describe the action of speaking/giving from a higher to a lower (downward) speech-act-participant, the other honorific form from a lower to a higher level (upward), and the ordinary form to be used with the equals (horizontal). Most nouns and verbs have at least two forms, honorific and ordinary. These kinds of bipartite and tripartite systems are for the purposes of according deference to people who are 'elders' not only in terms of age, but also in terms of responsibility, experience, knowledge, contribution, and suchlike, in the society. Topographic deixis and demonstratives make a two-way or a three-way distinction which have striking parallels with the social deixis.

Deixis methodology for the study of folk tale semantics

Deixis study is a part of cosmo-psycho-logical and psycho-semantic study of folktales. Growing interest to their flexion and study of the sociological, psychological and philosophical categories in the language determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work is to formulate a methodology for the deixis study of folk tales’ semantics. The material of the study is works of the tale researchers and works of the researchers of methods and models of scientific cognition. The research methods include the comparative-evolutionary historical principle of cognition in the model of the cultural-typical method of cognition in the CPL system with the recognition of the differences priority of differences and the similarities secondary role, the formation of psycho-semantics, deixis semantics of folk tales models, a comparative research of the ethnic tales and epics types. The results demonstrate thatthe deixis methodology allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the ethnic meaning of the folk tale. The forms of ethnic relative deixis are a formalization of subjects, objects, and the effectiveness of action in history, and relative assessments. Ethnic social deixis reveals the logic of the chronotope of social interactions and their social meaning, meliorative, admirative, pejorative, desiderative, inherent and adherent, and fear assessments. Ethnic nominative deixis is the formalization by linguistic means of roles in intuitional situations of life, recursion, and ethnic assessments. Ethnic indicative deixis reveals estimates of aspiration. Ethnic absolute deixis reveals absolute estimates of the ideal/final result of history.

Personal and Social Deixis as A Political Campaign Strategy Used in Donald Trump’s Rally

<p>The use of personal and social deixis often has a crucial role in political speeches. This study investigated how personal deixis was used as a strategy to get other people’s support in Donald Trump’s presidential campaign speech. The object of the study was Trump’s speech in his presidential rally on October 10, 2020, and the data were the personal and social deixis in the speech. The occurrences of deixis were counted to reveal the parties to whom Trump gave his attention, and an analysis of the words used was conducted to see Trump’s attitudes toward the parties addressed by the deixis. The study revealed that Trump used personal deixis more than social deixis. There were five big parties to which he gave his attention using the deixis: the audience, Trump himself, the USA and its people, his opponents, and his party and government. Using the deixis, Trump also showed a positive attitude to his side and a negative attitude to the opponents. His use of personal and social deixis was also used as a campaign strategy. The deixis created inclusiveness, positioned Trump in different roles, showed support from several American communities, and influenced the audience’s attitude toward Trump’s opponents.</p>

SOCIAL DEIXIS ANALYSIS IN THE FINAL INTERVIEW WITH THE OBAMAS

The final interview with Obama, as one of influential persons in the world, attracted many media to broadcast. His interview showed real-life interaction of a representative figure so that the way he used language is also representative. Specifically, this study aims at finding out the kinds of social deixis and to describe the function of social deixis in The Final Interview with the Obamas. The data are analyzed in a qualitative descriptive method to point out the phenomena of social deixis in the news as a part of daily life and since the collection of the data are mostly analyzed by using description and explanation form which focus on the characteristics, types, and the reason why the usage of social deixis is the main issues to be investigated. Based on the analysis of The Final Interview with The Obamas from the PeopleTV YouTube channel, it can be concluded that all types of social deixis according to Levinson’s theory are found in the object of research. There are relational which manifested by the speaker and referent, the speaker and addressee, the speaker and bystander, and the speaker and setting. There is also absolute social deixis which is manifested by the authorized speaker, and the authorized recipient absolute social deixis. In addition, the three functions of social deixis are also found in the utterances in The Final Interview with The Obamas. Those are the social status differentiation function, politeness function, and social identity function. Keywords: Social Deixis; Interview; Pragmatics

A Comparative of Deixis Found in the Speech of Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi

In listening to speeches sometimes there is a misunderstanding in interpreting the meaning of the speech in question. Through deixis can help listeners to understand the intended meaning of utterances in speech. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the types of deixis in speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. This study used a qualitative method using descriptive analysis as a data analysis technique. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques sourced from speeches by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. The research data was collected from 6 speeches sourced from 3 speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and 3 speeches delivered by Retno Marsudi. The data analysis technique is by identifying and interpreting all types of deixis in speeches, classifying the types of deixis found in ministerial speeches, and making conclusions. The results show that there are five types of deixis found in Mike Pompeo speech, namely: people deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Meanwhile, in Retno Marsudi speech, only 4 types of deixis were found, namely; people deixis, time deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Differences are shown in the use of place deixis. The most dominant deixis used is person deixis in both speeches. Thus, the dominant type of deixis in speech can reflect the relationship between language structure and context that is not separated and must be communicated contextually and pragmatically. When listening to a speech, listeners can identify several types of deixis and make it easier for listeners to know the types of deixis in the speech.

DEIKSIS BAHASA BANJAR DALAM TUTURAN ANAK USIA DINI (BANJARESE LANGUANGE DEIXIS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPEECH)

Banjarese Languange Deixis in Early Childhood Speech. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data of research were the speeches made the early childhood at TK Cipta Karya containing Banjarese language deixis. The data resources were the early age children. The researcher used the SLBC technique (see free involment) in this study. The research found five deixis of Banjar language in early childhood, namely deixis of person: aku, ulun, unda, kita, kami, ikam, pian, buhannya, buhan kam, inya, sidin, buhannya, and bagiannya; deixis of place: di sini, di sana, di situ, ka sini, ka sana, and ka situ; deixis of time: samalam, isuk, tahun kena, tadi, and kena; deixis of pointer: ini, nih, ni, itu, tu, and tuh; deixis of discourse, consisting of two types namely anaphoric deixis which refer to something mentioned before and deixis of words which refer to something that has not been mentioned at all before; and the social deixis, namely the different uses of the words ulun, unda, pian, nyawa and of answer, such as iih or heeh and inggih. Keywords: deixis, Banjar language, child Abstrak Deiksis Bahasa Banjar dalam Tuturan Anak Usia Dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui wujud dan analisis deiksis bahasa Banjar dalam tuturan anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan anak usia dini di TK Cipta Karya yang tuturannya mengandung deiksis bahasa Banjar. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah anak-anak usia dini di TK Cipta Karya. Peneliti menggunakan teknik SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukannya enam deiksis bahasa Banjar pada anak usia dini, yaitu deiksis persona, yaitu aku, ulun, unda, kita, kami, ikam, pian, buhannya, buhan kam, inya, sidin, buhannya, dan bagiannya; deiksis tempat, yaitu di sini, di sana, di situ, ka sini, ka sana, dan ka situ; deiksis waktu, yaitu samalam, isuk, tahun kena, tadi, dan kena; deiksis penunjuk, yaitu ini, nih, ni, itu, tu, dan tuh; deiksis wacana, yaitu terbagi dua menjadi deiksis anafora nya yang merujuk pada sesuatu yang disebutkan sebelumnya dan deiksis katafora nya yang merujuk pada sesuatu yang belum disebutkan sama sekali sebelumnya; dan deiksis sosial, yaitu perbedaan penggunaan kata ulun, unda, pian, nyawa dan penggunaan kata jawaban, seperti iih atau heeh dan inggih. Kata-kata kunci: deiksis, bahasa Banjar, anak

An Analysis of Deixis on Comment Speech By Indonesian Diplomat in United Nation (PBB) 75th General Assembly Meeting 2020

Deixis is a human language phenomenon in which particular expression referential depends on context use (Williams, 2019). By knowing deixis, a speaker knows alternate reference words depending on the interlocutor, places and time conversation takes place. The study investigates deixis and its context used by diplomats and representatives from Indonesia, Silvany Pasaribu of human rights cases of Vanuatu and Papua. This study's data source was the comment speech of an Indonesian diplomat, consisting of three types of deixis based on Levinson's theory. The video was collected from YouTube. Further, to analyse the data through several processes, the researchers firstly collected all deictic expressions found in transcription, classified the deictic word into each category of deixis. The result of this study shows thirty five deixis from comment speech of Indonesian diplomat. There were twenty three personal deixis consisting of a first, second, and third person, seven spatial deixis, and five temporal deixis. Person deixis generally be delivered by person grammatical type, which replaces personal pronoun encode like community, appropriate names, and the individual pronoun compound. Spatial or place deixis based on result which expresses by the speaker on their speech were location. Temporal deixis is used to the pointing of time context speech. Further research is suggested to analyze all kinds of deixis, such as social deixis and its context.

„Du rotziger Blasebalckemacherischer Dieb! Solst du mich dutzen?“ – Funktionen des Personalpronomens du in Gryphius’ „Peter Squentz“

This paper examines the variations and functions of the deictic address pronoun du (you) in the satirical Baroque drama “Absurda Comica. Oder Herr Peter Sequentz” written by Andreas Gryphius. Two types of address forms dominate in the drama, which vary in a highly systematic way. The most common one is the honorific form ihr ‘you’, which appears in addresses to humans of equal social status among both craftsmen and nobles. The more intimate pronoun du mainly occurs when the characters address themselves, their body parts or feelings and deities. Even lovers use the polite pronoun ihr; they switch to du solely when the beloved one is either absent or dead. In addition, there is a switch to du when the characters get into a quarrel, which illustrates the well-known connection of address pronouns to the expression of social deixis and politeness as well as the local, context-sensitive mechanisms of pronoun choice. Finally, generic uses of du are restricted to proverbs in the drama.

The Use Of Deixis In Students’ Speech Text At Ma’had Sunan Ampel Al-Aly Dormitory Universitas Islam Negeri Malang

Through in the finding product of speech text, students’ can speech their knowledge, thoughts, and feeling to the listener. Deixis is one of parts in pragmatics. Deixis is parts hold intimate relation between textual meaning and context. And one of the speech text components that have to be show by the students’ to communicate the meaning in speech text. This study aimed at identifying the use of deixis in the students’ speech text at Ma’had Sunan Ampel Al-Aly Dormitory Universities Islam Negeri Malang and focus on how they realized in different texts. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research. Eight research texts were chosen as the sample for analysis. The result shows that the speech text use all kinds of deixis, the use of person deixis is more dominant. Because the position of the speaker as the main characters is themselves of their own knowledge. The proximal form is more dominant rather than the distal form in the place deixis. In the time deixis was used by present time, past time, and future time. In the social deixis was used in two parts. Therefore, absolute social deixis and relational social deixis. After that in the discourse deixis used through discourse marker and form of demonstrative this/that. Also, deixis is highly context-dependent that is cannot be understood without considering the context. Therefore, in realizing students' speech texts, English learners cannot only understand in the whole context of the students' speech text also trust on their vocabularies need. Because of this research for the future can improve knowledge of pragmatics especially in the speech text of deixis.