TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE AND STRATEGIES IN “LAUT BERCERITA (THE SEA SPEAKS HIS NAME)” NOVEL BY LEILA S. CHUDORI

There are many ways that could be done to introduce culture of a country to the international world, one of them is through translation works. This research is conducted by using qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data used in this research are words and phrases found in “Laut Bercerita (The Sea Speaks His Name)” novel by Leila S. Chudori. In this novel, there are many cultural terms, local language from Javanese people, and dictions so that when they are translated to English, they would be interesting because some of the terms, local language and dictions still do not have equivalences in Target Language. In this research, the researcher analyzed 45 data and divided to 2 categories; 19 data in word category, and 26 data in phrase one. The research findings consist of dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, and equivalence at word levels for translation strategy they are adaptation, communicative translation, semantic translation, descriptive equivalence, idiomatic translation, literal translation, through translation, and transference. The most often strategies used are adaptation, communicative translation, and semantic translation. Through this research, I have knowledge of translation equivalence and how translation strategy being applied to words and phrases.

The Study on Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Aerial ChinaⅠ- Jiangxi from the Perspective of Semantic and Communicative Translation

Aerial ChinaⅠ- Jiangxi has been widely accepted by foreign audiences. In this documentary, there are many culture-loaded words with Jiangxi cultural characteristics. We all know that the translation of Chinese culturally-loaded words has long been a tricky problem. Take the translation of culture loaded words in Aerial ChinaⅠ- Jiangxi as an example, this paper discusses how Newmark's communicative translation and semantic translation theory are applied to the translation of Chinese culture loaded words. It is considered that semantic translation and communicative translation are not completely opposite but complement each other. Good translation works are usually the perfect combination of the two. In order to help translators better translate culture loaded words and achieve the real purpose of cross-cultural communication.

ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN KATA-KATA VULGAR DALAM KOMIK CRAYON SHINCHAN VOLUME 1

This study is focusing in the analysis of vulgar words from the comic, Crayon Shinchan Volume 1 by Yoshito Usui. The aim of this study is to understand how the translator translating vulgar words in Crayon Shinchan comic from Japanese to Indonesian language. The method that was used is descriptive-qualitative method. The data are analyzed with Newmark’s (1988) translation theories about translation method and procedures. There are three data that was analyzed from the comic, with scenes that contains vulgar words. From the analysis we can understand that the translator used TL Emphasis translation method, and in particular the communicative translation method. The translator also used modulation and transposition procedure in translating the vulgar words, to lessen the erotic image from the words. From this study we found that the translated words are equivalent, and the writer’s thoughts are understandable by the Indonesian readers.

Translating Sarcasm as Killing the Prophets and Making Fun of Them in Some Quranic Verses Into English

The current study concentrates on translating the rhetorical meanings of sarcasm in the Holy Quran and the translated texts in an effort to find a sort of compatibility between the two languages. It focuses on the method of sarcasm in some verses of Holy Quran in an endeavour to understand its intended meaning and clarify the variations involved in its translation into the English language. The study aims to produce some conceptions of sarcasm and take them into consideration in observing the original texts for the purpose of showing whether the translators are able to accurately translate the implicit meanings of sarcasm, based on Newmark’s Model (1988), “semantic and communicative translation”. Qualitative analysis is suitable for the purpose of the study, as it is suited for exploring people’s attitudes, opinions, beliefs, perceptions, interactions and behaviors in numerous settings and where the approach is interpretative and the data are presented subjectively rather than statistically.The study hypothesizes that translating sarcasm leads to some prospect problems for translators; one of the deductions obtained from this study is the variety of translations depending on the translator’s understanding of the meaning of the original text. The major findings that the translators have produced distinct translations depending on their understanding of the verse's meanings. In addition, in most cases, the renderings of the three translators look unsuitable because they did not display the sarcastic function as it is in the source text (ST). Consequently, the three translators broadly, failed to express the intentional ironic meaning as it is in the source text (The Holy Quran), and also could not manage to transfer the sarcastic message implied.

Communicative Translation dalam Tafsīr al-Mu’īn karya MUI Sulawesi Selatan: Analisis Makna Iyyāka di Q 1: 5

Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan kata ikomi sebagai terjemah iyyāka pada Q1: 5 dalam Tafsīr al-Mu’īn karya MUI Sulawesi Selatan. Dalam masyarakat Bugis, penggunaan kata ikomi memiliki hirarkis kasar, sehingga penggunaannya tidak tepat jika ditujukan kepada orang yang lebih tua atau yang dihormati. Sebagai gantinya, terdapat kata idi’mi yang lebih sopan dan sebagai bentuk penghormatan kepada lawan bicara. Akan tetapi, kata ikomi yang dinilai kasar, justru digunakan sebagai terjemah iyyāka yang ditujukan kepada Tuhan (Allah), sehingga penggunaannya dinilai tidak sepadan. Untuk membuktikan hal tersebut, akan digunakan teori communicative translation milik Peter Newmark sebagai analisis ekuivalensinya. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan bahwasanya penggunaan kata ikomi sebagai terjemah iyyāka merupakan bentuk penegasan yang disesuaikan dengan konteks gramatikal yang dimaksudkan dalam Q1:5 dan konteks penafsirannya pada Tafsīr al-Mu’īn karya MUI Sulawesi Selatan. Dengan teori communicative translation yang berfokus pada kesepadanan efek yang diberikan oleh kedua bahasa, dapat dikatakan bahwa kedua kata tersebut menunjukkan adanya ekuivalen, karena keduanya memberikan efek atau kesan yang sama, yaitu penegasan.

METHODS IN TRANSLATING PROVERBS IN MANGALA PAKPAHAN’S BOOK: BATAK TOBA KARAKTER KEARIFAN INDONESIA

This study aimed to find out the method used in translating Batak Toba Proverbs into English and explain the reasons for the translation method used in Mangala Pakpahan’s book: Batak Toba character kearifan Indonesia. The research was conducted by using the descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from Mangala Pakpahan’s book that contained 72 proverbs from the Batak Toba language. The findings of the study showed that not all methods were used in translating the proverbs. They were the adaptation translation method (69.44%), followed by the communicative translation method (12.5%), free translation method (11.12%), and the last was the exact translation method (6.94%). Moreover, the reason for using the translation method in translating the proverbs was the translation sounds natural even though in the form of proverbs and is still focused on English grammatical rules. Translation method was also the easier way to be understood by the reader, and it keeps retaining the translation of the proverbs without altering the original meaning.

On The Retranslation of the Igbo Missal

This study looks at the translation and the retranslation of the Igbo missal in line with Newmark’s (2001) semantic and communicative theory of translation. The aim is to highlight the factors that necessitated the retranslation, looking at the loopholes of the first translation in comparison with the Latin and English source texts. This study adopts the Newmark’s translation theory which sees translation from language and equivalence perspectives. The data were gathered from both old and new Igbo missals, the Latin missal and from the old English missal. Some persons were also interviewed to see the level of acceptability of the new translation. The study finds out that the first translation of the missal, hinges on communicative translation which focuses on the target language users. The retranslated version, hinges on the semantic translation which focuses on the source text language as requested by the Church authority. The study shows that many have accepted the translation while few are of the opinion that the new translation is not suitable. The paper concludes that the retranslated version is faithful to the source text and that the dangers of loss of meaning and possible incomprehensibility are not visible.

COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION & CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION READING ON PETER NEWMARK’S PERCEPTION

The profound transformations in linguistics during the early 20th century contributed to great investment in linguistic theories and their applications in translation, whose theorizing problems were linked to the development that raised cognitive, linguistic and cultural issues. This relationship was reflected in Peter Newmark’s research, who founded the semantic and communicative approache. He built his translation theory on the idea of not isolating the transmissive act from communication. Newmark provided a definition of communicative translation as it seeks to influence its readers as much as possible with the effect on the readers of the ST. While the semantic translation attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the ST as the semantic and grammatical structures of the TL permitted. Translation is also adept in the era of globalization with its influence on the boundaries between many Nations and civilizations. It is a tool for unifying them, and one of the most important means of facilitating the deepening and expansion of people's views toward other cultures. We aim in our research to introduce Newmark's approach to translation, and the disclosure of the potentials it offers to establish a bridge of scientific, human and civilizational communication between academic research and societies. We will focus on defining the criteria and priorities proposed in analyzing texts to highlight how communicative translation makes on the target recipient an effect equivalent to the ST has on the source recipient. And how to achieve accurate communication and its extent by revealing what makes it possible to benefit from the mechanisms of discourse analysis.