The Iconic Index

Diachronica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Anttila ◽  
Sheila Embleton
Keyword(s):  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Pronunciation Variation ◽  
Grammatical Agreement ◽  
Lexical Change

SUMMARY It is maintained that the basic semiotic concepts of icon and index in the Peircean sense give the best tools for both describing and explaining change. The notion of iconic index is used to explicate assimilation, morphophonemics, sociolectal pronunciation variation, grammatical agreement, and semantic change. In all these cases, the iconic index gives an accurate and insightful explanation. As a real demonstration of the worth of the concept of the iconic index, drastic lexical change is analyzed through the examples of Cockney rhyming slang and Australian avoidance (e.g., 'mother-in-law') languages. The iconic index also allows one to draw some parallels to certain Western taboos. Even in these instances of drastic lexical change, the iconic index holds its ground as a descriptive and explanatory tool. RÉSUMÉ Les auteurs maintiennent que les concepts fondamentaux de C. S. Peirce de 'icon' et de 'index' offrent les meilleurs outils pour la description et l'explication du changement linguistique. La notion de 'iconic index' est utilisée pour expliquer l'assimilation, la morphophonologie, la variation dans la prononciation individuelle, l'accord grammatical et le changement sémantique. Dans tous ces cas, l'index iconique donne une explication précise et perspicace. Pour démontrer l'utilité de ce concept, des exemples de changement lexical abrupt tirés du rime patois du Cockney et des langues australiennes qui connaissent un système qui fait les locuteurs éviter certains mots (e.g., ceux qui ont affaire avec la belle-mère). L'index iconique permet également d'établir certains parallèles ä des tabous occidentaux. Même dans ces cas de changement abrupt dans le lexique, le concept d'index iconique maintient son utilité comme moyen de description et d'explication. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Autoren stellen die Behauptung auf, daß von Charles Sanders Peirce entwickelte Begriffe wie 'Ikon' und 'Index' uns die besten Mittel an die Hand geben, Veränderungen zu beschreiben und zu erklaren. Der 'ikonische Index' dient dazu, Assimilation, Morphophonologie, Variationen in der individuellen Aussprache, grammatische Übereinstimmung sowie Bedeutungswandel zu erklären. In all diesen Fällen bietet der 'ikonische Index' genaue und erhellende Erklärungen. Um den Wert dieses Konzepts zu illustrieren, werden Beispiele aus volkstumlichen Reimen des Cockney und aus australischen Sprachen ge-wählt, die ein Prinzip kennen, demzufolge bestimmte lexikalische Bereiche (z.B. die Schwiegermutter betreffend) umgangen werden. Der 'ikonische Index' erlaubt uns auch, Parallelen zu bestimmten abendländischen Tabus zu ziehen. Selbst in diesen Fallen eines drastischen lexikalischen Wechsels erweist sich das Konzept als ein wichtiges Beschreibungs- und Erklärungs-mittel.

Lexical change often begins and ends in semantic peripheries

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Vejdemo
Keyword(s):  
Color Naming ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Semantic Domains

Abstract The article discusses semantic change and lexical replacement processes in the color domain, based on color naming studies in seven Germanic languages (where diachronic intra-linguistic development is inferred from cross-linguistic synchronic studies) and from different generations of speakers in a single language (Swedish). Change in the color domain often begins and ends in conceptual peripheries, and I argue that this perspective is suitable for other semantic domains as well.

scholarly journals LEXICAL CHANGE WITH REFERENCE TO SOCIAL CONTACT AMONG THE SPEAKERS OF PASE DIALECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rizka ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
Phonological Change

The aims of this study were to analyze the types, the patterns of lexical change with reference to social contact among the speakers of Pase dialect. The subjects of the study were personal documents written in Pase dialect as available in Language Department of Aceh. From the research, 505 lexicons were found, where 154 lexicons underwent loss. The percentage of lexical loss of noun was 75.32%, adjective 12.34%, and verb 12.34%. The number of lexical borrowings was 177 lexicons. The percentage of lexical borrowing of noun was 78.53%, adjective 15.25%, verb 5.09%, and adverb 1.13%. In phonological change, there were 155 lexicons. The percentage of phonological changes of noun was 89.68%, adjective 6.45%, verb 2.38%, and adverb 1.29%. In semantic change, there were 19 lexicons found, the percentages of which are: noun 68.42%, adjective 10.53%, and verb 21.05%. The patterns of lexical change with reference to social contact among the speakers of Pase dialect were potential loss in lexical loss, borrowings in the patterns of loan-words, loan-blend, loan-translation. The patterns of phonological change were lenition, fortition, vowel and syllable structure, syncope, apocope, and epenthesis. In semantic change, the patterns were narrowing, extension, figurative use, and pejoration.Keywords: lexical borrowing, Pase dialect, phonological change, semantic change

Regularity in Semantic Change

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Closs Traugott ◽  
Richard B. Dasher
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Change

Grammatical Agreement Processes in Young and Older Adults

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thornton ◽  
Kristen Skovbroten ◽  
Deborah Burke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grammatical Agreement

The Skeptic and The Madman: The Proto‐Pragmatism of Thomas Reid

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Other Hand

Even though the philosophy of common sense is not justifi able as such, the assump- tion upon which it rests, namely that there are things which we are not in position to doubt is correct. The reason why Thomas Reid was unable to bring this assumption out in a justifi able manner is that his views, both on knowledge and nature, are to be considered dogmatic. American pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey on the other hand, may be seen as offering us a ‘critical’ and post-Darwinian philosophy of common sense.

Representasi Feminisme dalam Video Klip ‘Nightmare’ oleh Halsey

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Faiz Zulia Maharany ◽  
Ahmad Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Barrier Wall

'Nightmare' is the title of a video clip belonging to a singer and singer called Halsey, in which the video clip is explained about the figure of women who struggle against patriarchal culture which has been a barrier wall for women to get their rights, welfare and the equality needed they get. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques are done through documentation, observation and study of literature. Then, analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics technique. The results of this study show the fact that signs, symbols or messages representing feminism in the video, 'Nightmare' clips are presented through scenes that present women's actions in opposing domination over men and sarcastic sentences contained in the lyrics of the song to discuss with patriarchy. Youtube as one of the social media platforms where the 'Nightmare' video clip is uploaded is very effective for mass communication and for conveying the message contained in the video clip to the viewing public.‘Nightmare’ adalah judul video klip milik musisi sekaligus penyanyi yang bernama Halsey, dimana pada Video klipnya tersebut menceritakan tentang figur perempuan-perempuan yang berusaha melawan budaya patriarki yang selama ini telah menjadi dinding penghalang bagi perempuan untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya, keadilan dan kesetaraan yang seharusnya mereka dapatkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Kemudian, dianalisis menggunakan teknik semiotika milik Charles Sanders Peirce. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat tanda-tanda, simbol atau pesan yang merepresentasikan feminisme di dalam video klip ‘Nightmare’ yang dihadirkan melalui adegan-adegan yang menyajikan aksi perempuan dalam menolak dominasi atas laki-laki dan kalimat-kalimat sarkas yang terkandung dalam lirik lagunya untuk ditujukan kepada patriarki. Youtube sebagai salah satu platform media sosial dimana video klip ‘Nightmare’ diunggah sangat efektif untuk melakukan komunikasi massa dan untuk menyampaikan pesan yang terkandung di dalam video klip tersebut kepada masyarakat yang menonton.

Theoretical Approaches to the Functions of Indefinite Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This chapter focuses on various theoretical approaches to the semantic and syntactic functions of indefinite pronouns. It begins with a discussion of structuralist semantics, which suggests that language is a system whose parts must be defined and described on the basis of their place in the system and their relation to each other, rather than on the basis of their own intrinsic properties. It then considers some of the problems associated with structuralist semantics, including the unclear status of the semantic features; significant overlap of the functions of grammatical items in many areas, including indefinite pronouns; and structuralist semantics makes wrong predictions about semantic change. The chapter proceeds by analysing logical semantics and the issues raised by this approach, along with syntactic approaches, the theory of mental spaces, pragmatic scales and scale reversal. Finally, it explains the relationship between focusing and sentence accent.

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